• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제49권8호
• /
• pp.1629-1635
• /
• 2017

Reliable prediction of nuclear fuel rod behavior of nuclear power reactors constitutes a basic demand for steady-state calculations, design purposes, and fuel performance assessment. Perfect design of fuel rods as the first barrier against fission product release is very important. Simulation of fuel rod performance with a code or software is one of the fuel rod design steps. In this study, a software program called MARCODE is developed in MATLAB environment that can analyze the temperature distribution, gap conductance value, and fuel and clad displacement in both solid and annular fuel rods. With a comparison of the maximum fuel temperature, fuel average temperature, fuel surface temperature, and gap conductance in solid and annular fuel, the effects of a central hole on the fuel temperature distribution are investigated.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.373-381
• /
• 2000

Serial ultrasonographic examinations were performed on pregnant Korean Jindo bitches. Measurements of inner chorionic cavity diameter and fetal head diameter were made from pregnancy day 15 to parturition. These measurements were converted retrospectively based on the day of parturition (day 0). The data of inner chorionic cavity diameter obtained from day -42 to day -25 and fetal head diameter obtained from day -24 to day -1 were used to prediction of parturition day. Formulas for the prediction of parturition day using the method of least squares were derived. These formulas were then used to predict parturition dates based on single measurements of inner chorionic cavity diameter or fetal head diameter in 17 additional pregnant Korean Jindo bitches. Predicted date of parturition was then compared to actual whelping date. In the prediction of parturition based on inner chorionic cavity diameter, 7 of 10 bitches were coincided prediction date and actual whelping date, and the prediction was accurate to within 1 day in 3 of 10 bitches. The prediction of parturition based on fetal head diameter was accurate to within 1 day in 6 of 7 bitches and within 2 days in 1 of 7 bitches. In conclusion, the ultrasound measurement of inner chorionic cavity diameter and fetal head diameter are practical and accurate tool in the prediction of parturition.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2011

Background: Facet joint disease plays a major role in axial low-back pain. Few diagnostic tests and imaging methods for identifying this condition exist. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is reported that it has a high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing facet disease. We prospectively evaluated the use of bone scintigraphy with SPECT for the identification of patients with low back pain who would benefit from medial branch block. Methods: SPECT was performed on 33 patients clinically suspected of facet joint disease. After SPECT, an ultrasound guided medial branch block was performed on all patients. On 28 SPECT-positive patients, medial branch block was performed based on the SPECT findings. On 5 negative patients, medial branch block was performed based on clinical findings. For one month, we evaluated the patients using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index. SigmaStat and paired t-tests were used to analyze patient data and compare results. Results: Of the 33 patients, the ones who showed more than 50% reduction in VAS score were assigned 'responders'. SPECT positive patients showed a better response to medial branch blocks than negative patients, but no changes in the Oswestry disability index were seen. Conclusions: SPECT is a sensitive tool for the identification of facet joint disease and predicting the response to medial branch block.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
• /
• 제14A권6호
• /
• pp.347-356
• /
• 2007

프로세서의 파이프라인 길이가 점차 길어지고 한 사이클에 이슈되는 명령어의 수가 증가함에 따라, 분기 예측기의 정확도는 프로세서의 성능에 상당한 영향을 미치게 되었다. 또한, 내장형 프로세서를 설계하는데 있어서는 전력 효율성이 가장 중요한 설계 고려 사항 중 하나가 되었다. 그러므로, 내장형 프로세서의 분기 예측기를 설계할 때에는 성능과 전력 효율성이 함께 고려되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 gshare 분기 예측기가 적용된 내장형 프로세서에서 선택적인 BTB (Branch Target Buffer) 접근을 가능하게 하는 저전력 분기 예측기를 제안하고자 한다. 제안하는 분기 예측기 내에서 BTB는 직전 명령어가 테이큰 (Taken) 분기로 예측되지 않는 경우에는, PHT (Pattern History Table)의 예측 결과가 테이큰인 경우에만 접근된다. PHT의 예측 결과가 테이큰인 분기 명령어의 경우에만 다음에 인출될 명령어의 주소를 BTB 접근을 통해 얻은 주소로 결정하기 때문이다. 물론, 이와 같은 선택적인 BTB 접근으로 인하여 성능 저하가 발생하는 것을 방지하기 위해 직전 명령어가 테이큰분기로 예측된 경우에는 PHT의 예측 결과에 관계없이 BTB는 항상 접근된다. 선택적인 BTB 접근을 하기 위해, 제안하는 분기 예측기 내의 PHT는 기존 분기 예측기의 PHT와 비교하여 1 사이클 일찍 접근되도록 구현한다. 1 사이클 빠른 접근을 위해 제안하는 PHT는 한 번의 접근을 통해 두 개의 예측 결과를 동시에 얻어오게 구현하고, 이를 통해 PHT의 접근 횟수도 줄임으로써 분기 예측기의 전력 소모를 줄이는 효과 또한 얻게 된다. 제안하는 분기 예측기는 하드웨어 오버헤드나 예측 정확도의 감소 없이 전력 소모를 줄일 수 있다는 장점을 가진다. 실험 결과에 따르면, 제안하는 분기 예측기는 기존의 분기 예측기와 비교하여 $35{\sim}48%$의 전력 소모를 줄이는 결과를 보인다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.319-328
• /
• 2016

In this study, we first briefly introduce the effect of circulating current control on the modulation signal of a modular multilevel converter (MMC). The maximum modulation index is also theoretically derived. According to the optimal modulation index analysis and the model in the continuous domain, different DC-side output impedance equivalent models of MMC with/without compensating component are derived. The DC-side impedance of MMC inverter station can be regarded as a series xR + yL + zC branch in both cases. The compensating component of the maximum modulation index is also related to the DC equivalent impedance with circulating current control. The frequency characteristic of impedance for MMC, which is observed from its DC side, is analyzed. Finally, this study investigates the prediction of the DC voltage ripple transfer between two-terminal MMC high-voltage direct current systems under unbalanced conditions. The rationality and accuracy of the impedance model are verified through MATLAB/Simulink simulations and experimental results.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제48권6호
• /
• pp.621-624
• /
• 2011

In order to deposit a homogeneous and uniform ${\beta}$-SiC films by chemical vapor deposition, we constructed the phase-diagram of ${\beta}$-SiC over graphite and silicon via computational thermodynamic calculation considering pressure(P), temperature(T) and gas composition(C) as variables in $C_3H_8-SiCl_4-H_2$ system. During the calculation, the ratio of Cl/Si and C/Si is maintained to be 4 and 1, respectively, and H/Si ratio is varied from 2.67 to 15,000. The P-T-C diagram showed very steep phase boundary between SiC+C and SiC region perpendicular to H/Si axis and also showed SiC+Si region with very large H/Si value of ~6700. The diagram can be applied not only to the prediction of the deposited phase composition but to compositional variation due to the temperature distribution in the reactor. The P-T-C diagram could provide the better understanding of chemical vapor deposition of silicon carbide.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.11-29
• /
• 2009

Variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Japan/East Sea (JES) was studied using complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) analysis. Two daily data sets were analyzed: (1) New Generation 0.05o-gridded SST from Tohoku University, Japan (July 2002-July 2006), and (2) 0.25o-gridded SST from the Japan Meteorological Agency (October 1993-November 2006). Linkages with wind stress curl were revealed using 6-h 1o-gridded surface zonal and meridional winds from ancillary data of the Sea- WiFS Project, a special National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) product (1998-2005). SST anomalies (SSTA) were obtained by removing the seasonal signal, estimated as the leading mode of the CEOF decomposition of the original SST. Leading CEOF modes of residual SSTA obtained from both data sets were consistent with each other and were characterized by annual, semiannual, and quasi-biennial time scales estimated with 95% statistical significance. The Semiannual Mode lagged 2 months behind the increased occurrence of the anticyclonic (AC) wind stress curl over the JES. Links to dynamic processes were investigated by numerical simulations using an oceanic model. The suggested dynamic forcings of SSTA are the inflow of subtropical water into the JES through the Korea Strait, divergence in the surface layer induced by Ekman suction, meridional shifts of the Subarctic Front in the western JES, AC eddy formation, and wind-driven strengthening/weakening of large-scale currents. Events of west-east SSTA movement were identified in July-September. The SSTA moved from the northeastern JES towards the continental coast along the path of the westward branch of the Tsushima Current at a speed consistent with the advective scale.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.236-240
• /
• 2011

In order to deposit a homogeneous and uniform ${\beta}$-SiC films by chemical vapor deposition, we demonstrated the phase stability of ${\beta}$-SiC over graphite and silicon via computational thermodynamic calculation considering pressure, temperature and gas composition as variables. The ${\beta}$-SiC predominant region over other solid phases like carbon and silicon was changed gradually and consistently with temperature and pressure. Practically these maps provide necessary conditions for homogeneous ${\beta}$-SiC deposition of single phase. With the thermodynamic analyses, the CVD apparatus for uniform coating was modeled and simulated with computational fluid dynamics to obtain temperature and flow distribution in the CVD chamber. It gave an inspiration for the uniform temperature distribution and low local flow velocity over the deposition chamber. These calculation and model simulation could provide milestones for improving the thickness uniformity and phase homogeneity.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양정보통신학회 2009년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.397-400
• /
• 2009

본 논문에서는 멀티미디어 어플리케이션을 위한 BTB(Branch Target Buffer)를 이용한 RISC 프로세서 기반 SoC 플랫폼의 ASIC 설계에 대해 기술한다. 제안된 SoC 플랫폼은 성능 개선을 위해 BTB를 포함하며 분기 명령어 패치 시 분기할 타깃 주소를 BTB에 저장함으로써 예측 주소의 명령어를 미리 패치, 파이프라인의 지연을 최소화하였다. 또한, 다양한 멀티미디어 어플리케이션을 위해 VGA 제어기, AC97 제어기, UART 제어기, SRAM 인터페이스, 디버그 인터페이스를 포함한다. 구현된 플랫폼은 다양한 테스트 프로그램을 사용하여 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, Xilinx VIRTEX-4 XC4VLX80 FPGA를 이용해 기능 및 타이밍 검증을 수행하였다. 최종적으로 Chartered 0.18um 공정을 이용하여 단일 ASIC 칩으로 구현되었으며 100MHz에서 정상 동작함을 확인하였고, 이전 OpenRISC 마이크로프로세서를 사용한 플랫폼과의 비교를 위해 산술연산 및 AC97 테스트 프로그램을 이용한 시뮬레이션 결과 5~9%의 성능향상을 확인하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제8권5호
• /
• pp.1171-1190
• /
• 2015

Enhancement of strength and ductility is the main reason for the extensive use of FRP jackets to provide external confinement to reinforced concrete columns especially in seismic areas. Therefore, numerous researches have been carried out in order to provide a better description of the behavior of FRP-confined concrete for practical design purposes. This study presents a new approach to obtain strength enhancement of CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) confined concrete cylinders by applying artificial neural networks (ANNs). The proposed ANN model is based on experimental results collected from literature. It represents the ultimate strength of concrete cylinders after CFRP confinement which is also given in explicit form in terms of geometrical and mechanical parameters. The accuracy of the proposed ANN model is quite satisfactory when compared to experimental results. Moreover, the results of the proposed ANN model are compared with five important theoretical models proposed by researchers so far and considered to be in good agreement.