• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.176-184
• /
• 2016

Background: Wild ginseng, Panax ginseng Meyer, is an endangered species of medicinal plants. In the present study, we analyzed variations within the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) cluster to gain insight into the genetic diversity of the Oriental ginseng, P. ginseng, at artificial plant cultivation. Methods: The roots of wild P. ginseng plants were sampled from a nonprotected natural population of the Russian Far East. The slides were prepared from leaf tissues using the squash technique for cytogenetic analysis. The 18S rDNA sequences were cloned and sequenced. The distribution of nucleotide diversity, recombination events, and interspecific phylogenies for the total 18S rDNA sequence data set was also examined. Results: In mesophyll cells, mononucleolar nuclei were estimated to be dominant (75.7%), while the remaining nuclei contained two to four nucleoli. Among the analyzed 18S rDNA clones, 20% were identical to the 18S rDNA sequence of P. ginseng from Japan, and other clones differed in one to six substitutions. The nucleotide polymorphism was more expressed at the positions 440-640 bp, and distributed in variable regions, expansion segments, and conservative elements of core structure. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed conspecificity of ginseng plants cultivated in different regions, with two fixed mutations between P. ginseng and other species. Conclusion: This study identified the evidences of the intragenomic nucleotide polymorphism in the 18S rDNA sequences of P. ginseng. These data suggest that, in cultivated plants, the observed genome instability may influence the synthesis of biologically active compounds, which are widely used in traditional medicine.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.322-326
• /
• 2012

Results of karyological study of intact plants and some callus lines of Panax ginseng are presented. In the native plants of P. ginseng the nucleus with 1 nucleolus (90%) dominate, and nucleus with 2 nucleoli is rare. One nucleolar nucleus also dominate in interphase nuclei of cells of cultivated P. ginseng (from 2006), but we also found nucleus with 2 to 3 nucleoli in the same cell lines. Interphase nuclei of P. ginseng in long cultivated lines (from 1988) contain 1 to 9 nucleoli, with a predominance of nuclei containing from 3 to 4 nucleoli. It was shown that long-time cells (cultivated since 1988) had cytogenetic changes such as increase level of polyploid and aneuploid cells, increase of nucleoli number into interphase nucleus and decrease of nuclei/nucleoli ratio. These long-time cultivated cells had very low ginsenoside content.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.87-97
• /
• 2020

The development of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using degenerate primers against conserved regions of most potyviral genomes enabled sampling of the potyvirome. However, these assays usually involve sampling potential host plants, but identifying infected plants when they are asymptomatic is challenging, and many plants, especially wild ones, contain inhibitors to DNA amplification. We used an alternative approach which utilized aphid vectors and indicator plants to identify potyviruses capable of infecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Aphids were collected from a range of asymptomatic leguminous weeds and trees in Iran, and transferred to bean seedlings under controlled conditions. Bean plants were tested serologically for potyvirus infections four-weeks postinoculation. The serological assay and symptomatology together indicated the presence of one potyvirus, and symptomology alone implied the presence of an unidentified virus. The partial genome of the potyvirus, encompassing the complete coat protein gene, was amplified using generic potyvirus primers. Sequence analysis of the amplicon confirmed the presence of an isolate of Wisteria vein mosaic virus (WVMV), a virus species not previously identified from Western Asia. Phylogenetic analyses of available WVMV sequences categorized them into five groups: East Asian-1 to 3, North American and World. The Iranian isolate clustered with those in the World group. Multiple sequence alignment indicated the presence of some genogroup-specific amino acid substitutions among the isolates studied. Chinese isolates were sister groups of other isolates and showed higher nucleotide distances as compared with the others, suggesting a possible Eastern-Asian origin of WVMV, the main region where Wisteria might have originated.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.568-579
• /
• 2018

Virtual power plants can be regarded as systems that have entered the network after restructure of power systems. In fact, these plants are a set of consumers capable of consuming and generating power. In response to widespread implementation of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, further investigation of energy management in this type of power plants seems to be of great value. In effect, these vehicles are able to receive and inject power from/into the network. Hence, study of the effects of these vehicles on management of virtual power plants seems to be illuminative. In this paper, management of power consumption/generation in virtual power plants has been investigated in the presence of hybrid electric vehicles. The objective function of virtual power plants problem management is to minimize the overall costs including not only the costs of energy production in power generation units, fuels, and degradation of batteries of vehicles, but also the costs of purchasing electricity from the network. Furthermore, the constraints on the operational of plants, loads and hybrid vehicles, level of penalty for greenhouse gas emissions ($CO_2$ and $NO_x$) produced by power plants and vehicles, and demand response to the immediate price of market have all been attended to in the present study. GAMS/Cplex software system and sample power system have been employed to pursue computer implementation and simulation.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.161-170
• /
• 2002

The vegetative and reproductive features of Grateloupia filicina (Lamouroux) C. Agardh (Cryptonemiales, Halymeniaceae) from different parts of the Indian Coast were studied. The plants grow in wide range of habitats and showed a lot of morphological variations. The development of the thallus is multiaxial type and the medullary region is composed of irregular, branched and stellate shaped cells. The gametophytic plants are dioecious and the male plants are smaller compared to female plants. The carpogonial branch is two-celled and formed on an a accessory branch system known as ampulla. Cystocarps are spherical to sybspherical with distint ostioles and scattered on the thallus surface. Tetrasporangia are common and tetraspores are either cruciate or decussate. Bisporangia are occasionally encountered. Our study suggests occurrence of two intraspecific taxa of G. filicina i.e.: var. luxurians and var. filinina from India coast.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.118-126
• /
• 1974

Mulberry plants cultivated in mid-Korea were studied on the growth habitat, canopy type, productive structure and vertical light intensity in relation to the quality of mulberry leaves for sericulture. The growth in length of new branch of summer cut mulberry in spring was vigorous on the uppermost of old shoot. Numbers of leaves on a branch were barely 4 leaves on lower than 20th branch from base, but those were 13 leaves on higher than 24th branch. Area of leaves completely expanded was broad on high branch, but narrow on low one. The form of canopy, the type of productive structure and the vertical light distribution depend upon varieties of cultivated mulberry plants were classified according to characteristic of each variety in two groups, respectively; globular and columnar form in canopy, broad leaves and narrow leaves types in productive structure, and seriously obstructured the light and fairly transmitted the light into lower leaf stratum invertical light distribution. Out of varieties of mulberry investigated, Suwon No. 4 and Rosang were belong to the former characters, but Illchiroe and Kaeryangsubun were to the latters. The values of leaf dry matter index and dry matter production produced by leaves were increased in direct proportion to the height of leaf stratum; the leaf dry matter index of the uppermost leaf was twice as much that of the lowest, and the dry matter production by the highest leaf was 17 times compared with that by the lowest leaf. It is assumed that the meagre leaves occurred in the lower leaf stratum of Suwon No. 4 and Rosang were caused to diminished the dry matter index and dry matter production in the under leaves of plant, which were affected by receiving the weak light.

• Plant Disease and Agriculture
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.115-118
• /
• 1999

A new bacterial disease was found on trees of peach(Prunus persica var. vulgaris Max) at Kumho Kyungbuk in April 1999. The disease usually occured on over wintered buds branchs and stems of the Cheon-Hong cultivar. The buds died without sprouting and the branches showed entire wilting Droplets of bacterial ooze was occasionally running down the surface of diseased plants under moist condition. Artificial needle prick inoculation with isolates obtained from branchs of naturally infected plants produced symptoms similar to those occuring under natural condition. On the basis of bacteriological characteristics and pathogenicity on the host plant of the organism the causal bacterium was identified as Xanthomonas arboricora pv. pruni and this disease was proposed to name "Bacterial branch blight of the peach tree"

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.394-401
• /
• 2019

The failure of steam generators (SGs) due to corrosion is one of the most important problems in power plants. Impurities usually accumulate in the hot sides of SG and form deposits on the SG surfaces. In this paper, the sensitivity analysis of the accumulation of water impurities in the heat exchangers of nuclear power plants is presented. The convection-diffusion equation of the liquid phase on the heated surfaces is derived and then solved by the finite volume method. Also, the effects of the thermal-hydraulic parameters in the form of dimensionless numbers, such as $Pe_q$, $Pe_u$, $k_q$(relative solubility of impurity between the steam and water) on the impurities concentration are studied.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2000

Epiphytic communities on marine plants of Seychelles (Indian Ocean Island group associated with East Africa) were investigated in January - March of 1989 during the $15^{th}$ biological voyage of the research vessel cademic Alexander Nesmeyanov. A seagrass species, Thalassodendron ciliatum, and macroalgae (Sargassum spp. and Halimeda spp.) were tested for host substrates and biomass of their dominant epiphytes were assessed. Also, in order to understand the effect of shading and nutrient filtering by epiphytes, two series of photosynthetic rates were compared for Th. ciliatum host leaves having 10% and no epiphytes. Total of 84 species of algae and main taxons of benthic animals were identified from three different host plants. An average biomass of the epiphytes on Th. cihiatum was $184.6g\;kg^{-1}$ and dominant species were green alga Halimeda opuntia, red algae Dictyurus occidentalis and Gelidiella myrioclada. These dominant species and their biomass were remarkably varied with depth increment. On Sargassum spp., an average biomass of the epiphytes was $0.18g\;kg^{-1}$ and the maximum biomass was never exceeded $0.16g\;kg^{-1}$. In the case of Halimeda spp. an average biomass of the epiphytes was $8.0g\;kg^{-1}$, and dominant species were Peyssonnelia dubyi, sponges and decapods. Photosynthetic rates of Th. ciliatum were significantly reduced in the leaves having 10% epiphytes (1.72 times lower, t=6.718, p<0.001).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.63-82
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to compare growth condition of landscape woody plants growing on the different ground structures in apartment complex. I chose Manseok Beach Town Complex 2, in Manseok-dong, Seo-gu, Incheon which has both natural and artificial ground as a subject site. Analysis of three phases of soil showed that artificial ground had average liquid phase of 30.89%, artificial ground mounding 33.88% and natural ground 24.40%. It means that artificial ground has higher water content than natural ground despite having same earthiness. It is believed that artificial ground is not as well drained as natural ground even though it is connected to the natural ground and has a deep soil depth because of mounding. Comparative study between woody plants on natural ground and those on artificial ground demonstrated that trees on natural ground grew 40.4% compared to those on artificial ground(0.875mm more) in terms of diameter growth. Average diameter growth of trees on natural ground was 3.040mm against 2.165mm for those on artificial ground. All 19 tree species which were measured for root diameter growth showed similar or higher growth on natural ground than on artificial ground. When it comes to growth of height, arborvitae showed highest growth on natural ground, followed by Thuja occidentalis, Pinus strobus, Magnolia denudata, Diospyros kaki and Aesculus turbinata. I measured branch growth and rate of leaf adherence of Pinus strobus. Average annual rate of branch growth of woody plants on natural ground was twice as high as those on artificial ground. I could conclude that ground structure influences branch growth of Pinus strobus. Statistics analysis of tree damage demonstrated significant result, meaning that there is a difference in the average damage rate depending on structure of ground. In order to validate growth difference by planting ground, I conducted T-Test of growth of diameter, root diameter, branch and height on woody plants growing on natural and artificial ground. As a result, it is believed that there is a difference in the growth of trees depending on the ground structure. Putting all these results together demonstrates that woody plants on natural ground generally grow better than those on artificial ground, which means ground structure does have an influence on the environment of growth of trees.