• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.79-94
• /
• 2003

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-stress effects of Palmuljungjiwon and Gamipalmuljungjiwon on the contents of monoamines in the regional brain of mice immobilized stress. The experimental animals were immobilized in stress cylinder(height: 15cm, diameter: 3cm) for 15 minutes, and administered of Palmuljungjiwon(1.14mg/l0g) and Gamipalmuljungjiwon(1.17mg/10g) water extract for 7 days before stress. The monoamines contents were measured by HPLC method in various part(frontal cortex, hypothalamus, corpus striatum and hippocampus) of mice brain. The following results were obtained : 1. In frontal cortex, the contents of norepinephrine a little decreased in all of the administered group, but the statistical significance was not recognized. The contents of dopamine were decreased with statistical significantly in Gamipalmuljungjiwon administered group compared to control group. The contents of serotonin were decreased with statistical significance in PalmulJungjiwon administered group compared to control group. 2. In hypothalamus, the contents of norepinephrine were decreased with statistical significantly in all of the administered group compared to control group. The contents of dopamine were decreased in all of the administered group compared to control group, but the statistical significance was not recognized. The contents of serotonin were decreased with statistical significantly in Gamipalmuljungjiwon administered group compared to control group. 3. In corpus striatum, the contents of norepinephrine were decreased with statistical significantly in Gamipalmuljungjiwon administered group compared to control group. The contents of dopamine were decreased in all of the administered group compared to control group, but the statistical significance was not recognized. The contents of serotonin were decreased with statistical significance in all of the administered group compared to control group 4. In hippocampus, the content of norepinephrine and dopamine a little decreased in all of the administered group, but the statistical significance was not recognized. The contents of serotonin were decreased with statistical significance in all of the administered group compared to control group. In conclusion, this study shows that Palmuljungjiwon and Gamipalmuljungjiwon are significantly effective on reducing and preventing stress in mice.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 1995

Antioxidant effect of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) was investigated in rats. Long-term administration of ginseng water extract protected the activity of liver cytosotic SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase from being significantly decreased with advancing age (p<0.05). It was more effective toward glutathione peroxidase than other antioxidant enzymes. However, the level of sulfhydryl compounds and its related enzymes such as glutathione reductase and glutathione-5-transferase was not significantly changed by the administration of ginseng. Liver microsomal formation of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide did not show a significant difference between two groups although it was slightly decreased with age, but lipid peroxidizability of microsomal membrane induced by a prooxidant was slightly lower in ginseng-treated rats. Interestingly, antioxidant capacity of plasma from ginseng treated rats on autooxidation of ok-brain homogenates was much higher than that of normal ones. However, resistance of RBC membrane against oxidative stress showed a similar tendency. The content of serum TBA reactive substances lowered consistently in the rats treated with r ginseng at all corresponding age and a significant difference between two groups was found at 24 months of age (p<0.05). Ginseng extract protected lipid peroxidation in brain and liver. This protection was more effective in the stressed rats imposed by immobilization than normal ones. In conclusion, ginseng water extract protected the age related deterioration of major antioxidant enzymes, and this effect was more striking with increasing duration of treatment. This comprehensive antioxidant action of ginseng seems to be bra certain action of ginseng other than a direct antioxidant action, which might be a long term normalizing effect through the harmony of various components.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제32권7호
• /
• pp.927-937
• /
• 2022

To confirm the therapeutic effect of the water extract from Ecklonia cava (WEE) against PM_2.5 induced systemic health damage, we evaluated gut health with a focus on the microbiota and metabolites. Systemic damage in mice was induced through PM_2.5 exposure for 12 weeks in a whole-body chamber. After exposure for 12 weeks, body weight and food intake decreased, and WEE at 200 mg/kg body weight (mpk) alleviated these metabolic efficiency changes. In addition, PM_2.5 induced changes in the length of the colon and fecal water content. The administration of the WEE at 200 mpk oral dose effectively reduced changes in the colon caused by PM_2.5 exposure. We also attempted to confirm whether the effect of the WEE is mediated via regulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in mice with PM_2.5 induced systemic damage. We examined changes in the fecal microbiota and gut metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and kynurenine metabolites. In the PM_2.5 exposed group, a decrease in the abundance of Lactobacillus (Family: Lactobacillaceae) and an increase in the abundance of Alistipes (Family: Rikenellaceae) were observed, and the administration of the WEE showed a beneficial effect on the gut microbiota. In addition, the WEE effectively increased the levels of SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate). Furthermore, kynurenic acid (KYNA), which is a critical neuroprotective metabolite in the gut-brain axis, was increased by the administration of the WEE. Our findings suggest that the WEE could be used as a potential therapeutic against PM_2.5 induced health damage by regulating gut function.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제30권9호
• /
• pp.1045-1049
• /
• 1997

In order to study the content of selected elements in the organs of the mice, mice were fed with green juice of Angelica keiskei Koidz for 16 weeks. The results obtained from the experiments are summarized as follows : 1) The element contents(cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ba, Pb, and Fe) in the whole plant are generally the same as those the previous reports. 2) The element contents(Cr , Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ba, Pb and Fe) in the green juice did not exceed those of the edible water standard. 3) The element contents (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ba, Pb and Fe) in the brain is slightly higher than those in the whole plants. 4) The element contents(Cr, Ni, Pb and Fe) in the organs of the mice fed green juice for 16 weeks are the same as those of the previous reports.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제27권7호
• /
• pp.709-716
• /
• 1994

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of dietary Fe levels on Cd accumulation in Cd poisoned rats. Forty male weaning Sprague Dawley rats weighing 80-90g were divided into 4 groups(LFe : low Fe, LFeCd : low Fe and Cd, AFe : adequate Fe, AFeCd : adequate Fe and Cd) according to Cd administration(Cd : 0 or 50ppm in drinking water) and Fe levels (Fe : 6 or 40ppm in diet) for 12 weeks. The food intake and weight gain of LFe and LFeCd were significantly lower than those of AFe and AFeCd(p<0.01, p<0.001). The water intake was not affected significantly by Cd and Fe, therefore Cd intake was no significant difference between groups. The Cd accumulation of kidney in LFeCd was significantly higher than those of AFeCd(p<0.001). But the Cd accumulations of brain, liver and spleen were not significantly different between Cd groups and without Cd groups. The serum Cd content and urinary Cd excretion of LFeCd was significantly higher than those of AFeCd(p<0.01, p<0.01). But the fecal Cd excretion of LFeCd was significantly lower than that of AFeCd(p<0.001). The Cd retention, Cd retention rate, and apparent Cd digestibility of LFeCd were significantly higher than those of AFeCd(p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001). It was concluded that adequate Fe supplementation have protective effects on the long term Cd poisoning in rats.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.120-128
• /
• 2002

목적: 자기공명영상과 자기이완분포 분석법을 통합적으로 이용하는 경우 기존의 자기이완시간 분석기법에서 제공할 수 없었던 자기이완 시간의 분포 및 해당 분포의 상대적인 물분자 함유량등의 추가적인 정보를 제공할 수 있음을 보이고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 자기이완분포 분석법(CONTIN)의 정확도 및 신뢰성을 검증 하기 위하여 먼저 자기이완시간이 일정한 분포를 가지도록 고안된 모의 자기이완 데이터를 사용하였다. 다음으로 지질의 함유량이 99% 이상인 식용유와 증류수를 일정비율(0, 10, 2 0, 30%)로 혼합한 실험 팬텀을 제작하고 inversion-recovery시퀀스 (TI: 40 -1160 msec, TR/TE=2200/20 msec)를 사용하여 MR 영상을 획득하여 CONTIN을 사용하여 분석하였다. 그 리고 사람의 뇌 영상에서 뇌척수액, 백질, 회백질에 관심영역을 설정하고 CONTIN을 사용하여 각 관심영역에서의 자기이완분포를 분석하였다. 결과: 신호대잡음비를 달리한 모의 자기이완 데이터의 분석결과 자기이완시간의 위치에 대한 오차는 신호대잡음비에 관계없이 긴 자기이완시간 ($T_1=600$ msec)에 비해 짧은 자기이완시간 ($T_1$=150 msec)에서 크게 나타났으며 반대로 자기이완시간 분포면적에 대해서는 긴 자기이완시간 ($T_1$=600 msec)의 면적 오차가 짧은 자기이완시간 ($T_1=150$ msec)에 비해 큰 것으로 나타났다. 실험 팬톰을 이용한 분석결과는 실제 오일대 증류수의 비율을 1:2:3으로 한 팬톰들에서 분석결과는 1:1.3:1.9으로 나타났다. 자원자의 뇌영상에서는 CSF의 경우에는 하나의 $T_1$ 자기이완시간만이 나타난 반면 백질과 회백질에서는 2개의 $T_1$ 자기이완분포를 가지는 것으로 분석되었다. CSF와 백질의 평균 자기이완시간은 기존의 보고된 값들과 잘 일치하였다. 결론: 자기공명영상과 자기이완분포 분석법을 통합적으로 이용하는 경우 기존의 자기이완시간 분석기법에서 제공 할 수 없었던 자기이완시간의 분포 및 해당 분포의 상대적인 물분자 함유량등의 추가적인 정보를 제공한다는 사실을 규명하였고 이러한 추가적인 정보들은 임상적 유용성이 있을 것으로 추정된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2024

Fresh ginseng is prone to spoilage due to its high moisture content. For long-term storage, most fresh ginsengs are dried to white ginseng (WG) or steamed for hours at high temperature/pressure and dried to form Korean Red ginseng (KRG). They are further processed for ginseng products when subjected to hot water extraction/concentration under pressure. These WG or KRG preparation processes affect ginsenoside compositions and also other ginseng components, probably during treatments like steaming and drying, to form diverse bioactive phospholipids. It is known that ginseng contains high amounts of gintonin lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs). LPAs are simple lipid-derived growth factors in animals and humans and act as exogenous ligands of six GTP-binding-protein coupled LPA receptor subtypes. LPAs play diverse roles ranging from brain development to hair growth in animals and humans. LPA-mediated signaling pathways involve various GTP-binding proteins to regulate downstream pathways like [Ca²⁺]_i transient induction. Recent studies have shown that gintonin exhibits anti-Alzheimer's disease and antiarthritis effects in vitro and in vivo mediated by gintonin LPAs, the active ingredients of gintonin, a ginseng-derived neurotrophin. However, little is known about how gintonin LPAs are formed in high amounts in ginseng compared to other herbs. This review introduces atypical or non-enzymatic pathways under the conversion of ginseng phospholipids into gintonin LPAs during steaming and extraction/concentration processes, which exert beneficial effects against degenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and arthritis in animals and humans via LPA receptors.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제51권5호
• /
• pp.503-508
• /
• 2019

감태(Ecklonia cava) 추출물의 in vitro 항산화효과 및 초미세먼지로 유도된 세포 독성에 대한 비강(RPMI-2650), 폐(A549) 및 뇌신경(MC-IXC) 세포에서의 세포보호효과를 검증하였다. 감태는 총 페놀성화합물(물 추출물: 189.32, 80% 에탄올 추출물: 418.08 mg GAE/g of dried weight) 및 총 플라보노이드(물 추출물: 44.93, 80% 에탄올추출물 111.22 mg RE/g) 함유량을 각각 나타내었으며, ABTS/DPPH 라디칼 소거활성 및 지방질과산화 억제효과에서도 우수한 효과를 나타냈다. 또한, 감태 추출물은 초미세먼지로 유도될 수 있는 세포 내 산화적스트레스를 저해함으로써 세포 사멸을 효과적으로 억제시킬 수 있는 천연 소재로 판단되며, 80% 에탄올 추출물뿐만 아니라 물 추출물 또한 산업적 활용가능성이 기대된다.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.71-88
• /
• 1993

This study was conducted to develop and effective strategy for environmental education. At first, the environmental education strategy through personalization of environment was proposed. Then students in a middle school participated the program according to the strategy and its. effect was investigated. The strategy was designed in basis of the role of the limbic system in brain and involved field-oriented experience such as viewing the non-personal environment as the personal environment. Gokneung stream was selected as the site to conduct this environmental education. Students investigated water quality by senses and biological method. The same content was taught for the classroom group and simple outdoor group selected for the comparison by traditional instructional method. The pre- and post-test by the instrument to test environmental attitude, qualitative questionnaire, cognitive test, the pre- and post-interview were conducted to investigate the effect the program. The achievement of the classroom group(personalization group). But the change of the attitude toward environment of personalization group between pre- and post-test was significantly higher than the classroom group. In qualitative questionnaire and pre- and post-interviews, attitude toward environment differed between two group. The behavioral change to discover and to solve environmental problems was demonstrated in case the personalization group, but was unclear in the classroom group. These results indicated the environmental education strategy through personalization of environment was an effective strategy to change the awareness, attitude and behavior toward the environment compared with a traditional teaching strategy.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제53권2호
• /
• pp.223-229
• /
• 2021

본 연구에서는 미세먼지로 유도될 수 있는 질환에 대한 예방 소재로써 청각(C. fragile)의 산업적 활용 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 청각의 총 페놀성 화합물 함량 및 지방질과산화 억제 효과는 40% 에탄올 추출물이 가장 우수한 결과를 나타냈고, 총 polysaccharide 함량에서는 물 추출물이 가장 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 미세먼지 유도성 산화적 손상에 대한 비강(RPMI2650), 폐(A549), 뇌신경(MC-IXC), 해마(HT-22), 미세아교(BV-2)세포에서의 세포보호 효과를 검증하기 위하여 세포 내 ROS 형성 억제 효과와 세포사멸 억제 효과를 측정하였다. 세포 내 ROS 형성 억제효과 실험 결과에서 40% 에탄올 추출물이 전반적으로 우수한 활성을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 세포사멸 억제 효과 실험 결과에서는 물 추출물이 전반적으로 우수한 세포 생존율을 나타냈고, 40% 에탄올 추출물은 뇌신경세포(MC-IXC)을 제외한 세포에서 사멸 억제 효과가 미비하거나 농도가 높아짐에 따라서 세포독성을 일부 갖는 것으로 확인되었다. 결과적으로, 청각 추출물은 비강, 폐, 뇌(신경, 해마, 미세아교) 세포에서 미세먼지로 유도된 산화적 손상을 효과적으로 억제할 수 있는 천연 소재로서 산업적 활용 가능성이 기대된다.