• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 2007

Introduction: Distraction osteogenesis is widely used as for bone lengthening in patients with maxillofacial deformity and alveolar bone atrophy. One of the major problems in distraction osteogenesis is long consolidation period for 2-3 months, in which the devices have to be fixed on the bone to prevent relapse. It results in scar formation on the face, disturbance of mastication and speech. This study was performed to evaluate the stimulating effect of pulsed electromagnetic field on the early bone consolidation in distraction osteogenesis. Materials and methods: Total 10 rabbit were used (5 for control group, 5 for experimental group). A vertical osteotomy in the mandibular body was performed and the distraction device was fixed. After 5 days distraction was done 1mm per a day for 7 days. A pulsed electromagnetic field (38 Gauss, 60 Hz) was applied for 8 hours per day and it continued for 5 days immediately after distraction in the experimental group. Both groups were sacrificed after 2 weeks. Histological specimens with H&E and Masson Trichrome staining were made and histomorphometrically analysed with image analyser. Results: The device for distraction osteogenesis was displaced in one animal for each group, therefore, only four animals in both groups were evaluated. In both groups, a new bone formation was observed in the distracted area after 2 weeks. The bone formation was enhanced in the experimental groups ($31.76{\pm}8.68%$) compared with control group ($9.94{\pm}3.23%$), its difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that electrical stimulation with electromagnectic field may be effective in the early bone formation after distraction osteogenesis. Further studies with large number of animals are needed before clinical application.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.443-448
• /
• 2005

Objective: A variety of genetic alterations in human glioblastoma comprises signal transduction and cell cycle arrest control of cellular processes. Subtractive hybridization is potentially a faster method for identifying differentially expressed genes associated with a particular disease state. Using the technique of subtraction, we isolated novel genes that are overexpressed in glioblastoma tissue as compared to normal brain tissue. Methods: We evaluated the differential expression of genes in each of hybridizing tester and driver cDNAs to digested 130 clones. After sequencing of 130 clones and homology search, this study performed to determine mRNA expression of the unknown gene, "clone 47", in brain tissue, glioblasoma, and several cancer cell lines by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To test the time course for Go-phase arrest, serum stimulation and expression at various times for RT-PCR performed. Results: We identified 23 novel genes by BLAST of the digested 130 clones. The expressions of "clone 47" mRNA of glioblastoma and several cancer lines were significantly higher than normal brain tissues and several normal cell lines. We confirmed the mRNA expression of "clone 47" was up-regulation for $0.5{\sim}1hr$ of WI-38 cell differentiation. Conclusion: The novel gene, "Clone 47" is upregulated in glioblastoma tissue and several cancer cell lines. This gene is time dependent activation during time course of serum stimulation. This result suggests that "clone 47" playa role in brain tumorigenesis and the activation of this "clone 47" may be necessary for the development of cancer.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.136-145
• /
• 2014

목적 : 본 무작위배정 플라시보 대조군 교차연구는 신문혈의 침 치료가 뇌 활성도와 자율신경계에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 뇌파(EEG)와 심박변이도(HRV)를 통해 알아보고자 한 연구이다. 방법 : 18명의 건강인 피험자가 참여하여 1-3일의 간격을 두고 무작위배정 순서에 따라 신문혈에 진짜침과 가짜침으로 시술받았고, 치료 전, 후에 각각 뇌파와 심박변이도를 측정하였다. 피험자의 스트레스 정도에 따른 반응의 차이를 살펴보기 위하여 스트레스설문지를 이용하여 서브그룹분석을 시행하였다. 결과 : 그 결과, 침 치시술은 뇌파 중 ${\alpha}$밴드 값의 증가를 나타냈으며, 진짜침 그룹의 경우 심박변이도의 결과값 중 HF와 RMS-SD의 증가가 대조군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 스트레스 정도에 따른 서브그룹 분석에서는 진짜침 그룹 중 스트레스 정도가 높은 피험자는 ${\alpha}$밴드 값이 증가한 반면, 스트레스 정도가 낮은 피험자는 감소하거나 증가의 폭이 낮은 것을 알 수 있었으며, 거짓침 그룹에서는 비교적 적은 변화를 나타내었다. 결론 : 본 연구 결과를 통해 침이 뇌 활성도 및 자율신경계에 영향을 미치며, 이는 부교감신경계통과 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 이러한 결과는 환자의 스트레스 정도에 따라 다른 반응을 나타냄을 보여주었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.286-294
• /
• 2010

기능적 자기공명영상법(fMRI)을 이용하여 일반 감각 자극과 다른 간지럼 자극 과제를 수행 할 때 대뇌 감각중추 신경 연결망을 규명하고, 간지럼이 웃음의 기전과 어떤 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 건강한 성인 남녀 16명(평균 : 28.9세)을 대상으로 두 종류의 감각 자극 과제 수행동안 3.0T 자기공명영상장치를 사용하여 기능적 자기공명영상을 얻었다. 감각 자극은 피험자마다 역균형화하여 제시되었으며, 블록 설계로 자극 제시와 영상 획득이 이루어졌다. 획득된 영상 데이터는 SPM 99 분석하였으며, 개별 분석과 그룹 분석을 실시하였다. 개별 분석 결과 두 과제 모두 체감각 영역의 활성화가 관찰되었고, 간지럼 자극 조건은 감각자극 조건에 비해 베리니케 영역(BA40)에서 더 많은 활성화를 보였다. 또한, 그룹 분석결과 일반 감각 조건에서는 양쪽 체감각 피질 영역(BA 1,2,3)이 활성화되었으며, 간지럼 조건에서는 양쪽 체감각 피질 뿐만 아니라 시상, 대상회, 대뇌섬엽 영역에서 커다란 활성화를 보였다. 간지럼 자극에서 감각자극을 뺀 결과에서는 우측 대상회와 좌측 MFG 영역 및 좌측섬엽 에서 유의미한 활성화를 보였다. 촉각을 통한 간지럼자극을 인지하는 대뇌영역에 대해 검증하였고, 간지럼과 같은 가장 원초적인 자극이 다양한 사회적 활동에서 중요한 기능을 담당하는 웃음과 밀접한 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제51권4호
• /
• pp.462-467
• /
• 2019

최근 수십 년 동안 향기 및 악취 흡입에 의한 후각자극이 인간에게 심리적, 생리적 영향을 미친다는 다양한 연구가 보고되고 있다. 본 연구는 후각자극에 의한 사람 대뇌겉질 신경세포의 전기생리학적 반응성을 조사하고자 하였다. 건강한 남성 12명을 대상으로 아카시아와 부탄올에 의한 후각자극이 알파파의 활동도에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 아카시아 향취를 흡입하는 경우는 후각자극이 없는 안정상태의 뇌파에 비해 알파파의 활동도가 유의하게 증가(66.7%)하였고, 부탄올 악취에서는 알파파 활동도의 유의한 감소(33.3%~41.7%)가 관찰되었다. 본 연구는 후각자극에 의하여 대뇌겉질 신경세포의 활동도에 변화가 있을 수 있다는 것을 시사한다. 이러한 결과는 후각인지가 신경계의 기능에 자극효과를 나타낼 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 즉 본 연구에서 후각자극이 뇌파활동과 기분상태에 영향을 미친다는 결론을 도출할 수 있었다. 이러한 관점에서 향후 중추신경계에 대한 전기생리학적 효과의 영향을 이해하고, 설명하기 위한 추가연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2000

Objectives : Acupuncture is expected to have somewhat like the efficacy parallel increasing activity of immune system in Western modem medicine. There, already, are many animal researches on activating effect of acupuncture for the immune system in peripheral organs. So, we carried out this experiment to see whether acupuncture has controlling effect on interleukin-6(IL-6) activity in rat's brain. Methods and Results : We had topical application of IL-6(1U=lpg, $10{\mu}l$) on brain of rat. It reduced afferent sensory transmission to the primary somatosensory(SI) cortex from periphery. Whereas, electrical stimulation(ES, 2Hz, 1.5V, 15min) of ST36(足三里) with application of IL-6 prominently activated afferent sensory transmission. ES of non-acupoint(proximal tail) with IL-6 showed suppression of afferent transmission. ES of ST36 without IL-6 application also exerted facilitation of afferent transmission to the SI cortex. Conclusions : Electoacupuncture(EA) on ST36 has noticeable influences on modulating activation of IL-6 in central nervous system, which do major role in immune system.

• 국제물리치료학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.10-18
• /
• 2010

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Needle Electrode Electrical Stimulation(NEES) on ischemia-induced cerebrovascular accidents. After obstruction and reperfusion of arteries in white mice, the amounts of necrosis and inflammation related substances Bax, IL-6, Caspase-3, and COX-2 were measured in neurons of the fore-brain. The following results were obtained. This study used 21 male specific pathogen free(SPF) SD rats, 8 weeks of age and approximately 300g in weight. Each exposed artery was completely occluded with non-absorbent suture thread and kept in that state for 5 minutes. The sutures were then removed to allow reperfusion of blood. Test group is control group(common carotid artery occlusion models), a GI(underwent common carotid artery occlusion), and NEES(underwent NEES after artery occlusion). The GI and NEES groups were given 12, 24, or 48 hours of reperfusion before NEES. NEES device(PG6, ITO, Japan, 9V, current, 2Hz) was used to stimulate the bilateral acupoint ST36 of the SD rats for 30 minutes while they were sedated with 3% isoflurane. An immuno-histochemistry test was done on the forebrains of the GI induced rats. Both Bax and Caspase-3 immuno-reactive cells, related to apoptosis, were greater in the GI than the NEES group. Cox-2 and IL-6 immuno-reactive cells, related to inflammation, were greater in the GI and NEES groups than the control group. We can expect that applying NEES after ischemic CVA is effective for preventing brain cells from being destroyed. And we can conclude NEES should be applyed on early stage of ischemic CVA.

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.68-72
• /
• 2005

Object:Nicotine dependence is the most common substance abuse disorder. One of the characteristics of nicotine dependence is craving. Regional activation of the brain induced by craving for nicotine was evaluated by using functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate neuroanatomical site of smoking craving. Method:A smoker who satisfied DSM-IV criteria for nicotine dependence and a non smoker was studied. MRI data were acquired on a 1.5T Magnetom Vision Plus with a head volume coil. Two sets of visual stimuli were presented to subjects in a random manner. One was the film scenes of inducing smoking craving and the other was neutral stimuli not related to smoking. There were two fMRI sessions before and after smoking or sham smoking. Data were analyzed using SPM99. Results:fMRI showed significant activated area in anterior cingulate and medial frontal lobes in the smoker during smoking craving. Right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal lobes were activated in the control during visual stimulation before smoking. After smoking, there was no brain activation during visual stimulation in both of smoker and non smoker. Conclusion:Metabolic activity of the anterior cingulate and medial frontal lobes increased during craving for smoking. This result suggests that fMRI may be a valuable tool in the identification of neurobiological process of craving.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.559-563
• /
• 2013

This study aims to quantify the effects of medication (Med) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) on resting rigidity in patients with Parkinson's disease. We tested 10 limbs of five patients under each of four treatment conditions: 1) baseline, 2) DBS, 3) Med, 4) DBS + Med. Rigidity at the wrist joint was assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). The examiner randomly imposed flexion and extension movement on patient's wrist joint. Resistance to passive movement was quantified by viscoelastic properties. Not only rigidity score but also damping constant showed improvements in rigidity by DBS and Med treatments (p<0.05). This indicates that the viscosity can represent the change in rigidity due to DBS as well as Med, which was manifested by UPDRS score.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제56권2호
• /
• pp.130-134
• /
• 2014

Objective : A groove technique for securing an electrode connector was described as an alternative surgical technique in deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery to avoid electrode connector-related complications, such as skin erosion, infection, and migration. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 109 patients undergoing one of two techniques; the standard technique (52 patients using 104 electrodes) and the groove technique (57 patients using 109 electrodes) for securing the electrode connector in DBS surgery, regardless of patient disease. In the standard percutaneous tunneling technique, the connector was placed on the vertex of the cranial surface. The other technique, so called the groove technique, created a groove (about 4 cm long, 8 mm wide) in the cranial bone at the posterior parietal area. Wound erosion and migration related to the connectors were compared between the two techniques. Results : The mean follow-up period was 73 months for the standard method and 46 months for the groove technique. Connector-related complications were observed in three patients with the groove technique and in seven patients with the standard technique. Wound erosion at the connector sites per electrode was one (0.9%) with the groove technique and six (5.8%) with the standard technique. This difference was statistically significant. The electrode connector was migrated in two patients with the groove technique and in one patient with the standard technique. Conclusions : The groove technique, which involves securing an electrode using a groove in the cranial bone at the posterior parietal area, offers an effective and safe method to avoid electrode connector-related complications during DBS surgery.