• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.129-132
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• 2005

It is one of the most important issues to determine a target brain image that gives a common coordinate system for a constructing population-based brain atlas. The purpose of this study is to provide a simple and reliable procedure that determines the target brain image among the group based on the inherent structural information of three-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) images. It uses only 11 lines defined automatically as a feature vector representing structural variations based on the Talairach coordinate system. Average characteristic vector of the group and the difference vectors of each one from the average vector were obtained. Finally, the individual data that had the minimum difference vector was determined as the target. We determined the target brain image by both our algorithm and conventional visual inspection for 20 healthy young volunteers. Eighteen fiducial points were marked independently for each data to evaluate the similarity. Target brain image obtained by our algorithm showed the best result, and the visual inspection determined the second one. We concluded that our method could be used to determine an appropriate target brain image in constructing brain atlases such as disease-specific ones.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.379-383
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• 2009

Nitric oxide (NO), a diffusible gas, is produced in the central nervous system, including the spinal cord dorsal horn and the trigeminal nucleus, the first central areas processing nociceptive information from periphery. In the spinal cord, it has been demonstrated that NO acts as pronociceptive or antinociceptive mediators, apparently in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the central role of NO in the trigeminal nucleus remains uncertain in support of processing the orofacial nociception. Thus, we here investigated the central role of NO in formalin (3%)-induced orofacial pain in rats by administering membrane-permeable or -impermeable inhibitors, relating to the NO signaling pathways, into intracisternal space. The intracisternal pretreatments with the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME, the NO-sensitive guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ, and the protein kinase C inhibitor GF109203X, all of which are permeable to the cell membrane, significantly reduced the formalin-induced pain, whereas the membrane-impermeable NO scavenger PTIO significantly enhanced it, compared to vehicle controls. These data suggest that an overall effect of NO production in the trigeminal nucleus is pronociceptive, but NO extracellularly diffused out of its producing neurons would have an antinociceptive action.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.315-330
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• 2012

Recently, methodologies for developing brain-computer interface (BCI) games using the BCI have been actively researched. The existing general framework for processing brain waves does not provide the functions required to develop BCI games. Thus, developing BCI games is difficult and requires a large amount of time. Effective BCI game development requires a BCI game framework. Therefore the BCI game framework should provide the functions to generate discrete values, events, and converted waves considering the difference between the brain waves of users and the BCIs of those. In this paper, BCI game frameworks for processing brain waves for BCI games are proposed. A variety of processes for converting brain waves to apply the measured brain waves to the games are also proposed. In an experiment the frameworks proposed were applied to a BCI game for visual perception training. Furthermore, it was verified that the time required for BCI game development was reduced when the framework proposed in the experiment was applied.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.254-258
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• 2016

In this paper, a brain phantom for evaluating brain stroke localization is proposed. To evaluate brain stroke localization, a phantom imitating three-dimensional (3D) simulation environment is needed. Mold for the proposed phantom was printed by a 3D printer and the interior of the phantom consists of 5 different brain tissue materials. Each of the brain tissue materials has the conductivity and permittivity similar to those of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) standards for a frequency band from 0.5 to 2 GHz.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1016-1025
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• 2003

The rupture of blood vessels in the human brain results in serious pathological and medical problems. In particular, brain hemorrhage and hematomas resulting from impact to the head are a major cause of death. As such, investigating the tensile behavior and rupture of blood vessels in the brain is very important from a medical point of view. In the present study, the tensile characteristics of the blood vessels in the human brain were analyzed using a quasi-static uniaxial tensile test, and the properties of the arteries and veins compared. In addition, to compare the tensile behavior and demonstrate the validity of the experimental results, blood vessels from the legs of pigs were also tested and analyzed. The overall results were in accordance with the histological structures and previous medical reports.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 2013

Multi-modal techniques have received increasing interest in the neuroscientific and brain computer interface (BCI) communities in recent times. Two aspects of multi-modal imaging for BCI will be reviewed. First, the use of recordings of multiple subjects to help find subject-independent BCI classifiers is considered. Then, multi-modal neuroimaging methods involving combined electroencephalogram and near-infrared spectroscopy measurements are discussed, which can help achieve enhanced and robust BCI performance.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2005

One of the most important roles of a brain atlas is providing a spatial reference system in which multiple images can be interpreted in a consistent way. The brain atlase based on Western populations such as the International Consortium for Brain Mapping's 452 T-1 Weighted Average Atlas was widely used; however, they may not be the optimal choice for use with brain images from other ethnic groups, because structural differences between occidental and oriental brains have been reported. Therefore, in this study, we created an average brain atlas from 100 healthy Koreans (100 cases (M/F=53/47), 39.0±17.0 years). The purpose of this study was to make a Korean average-brain atlas and to measure its differences from a widely accepted average brain atlas built on an occidental population. The average brain atlas for Koreans was developed using widely accepted tools and procedures. The comparison between the Korean and occidental averages was performed using tissue probability maps and a registration tool, and it was shown that the global pattern of differences between the two average brains found in this work agreed with previously reported differences: Korean brains are wider and shorter in size, and smaller in volume, yet no hemispheric volume asymmetry was found.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1988

A personal computer-based brain map is described which will display a gray scale maps showing the distribution of signals derived from the electrical activity of the brain such as EEG or EP This topographic brain mapping system has a flexibility which describe the electrode number and placement mapping onto any shaped space and generate a brain maps by incoorporated the data acquisition and processing software with conventional EEG machine.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.357-363
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to identity the relationships of sub factor among the brain dominance thinking types(A,B,C,D quadrant thinking type) is based on the Whole Brain Modal and self-leadership by Manz. The subjects were 102 undergraduates students from the Hoseo university in Cheonan. The results of this study as follows ; first, the brain dominance thinking type A was the highest and type C was highly rated. Second, the brain dominance thinking type A was not correlated type C and type D. Third, the brain dominance thinking type C and self-leadership sub factor was significantly positively correlated.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1998 no.11
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• pp.60-61
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• 1998

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for automatic segmentation of 3-dimesional brain MR images. In order to segment 3-dimensional brain MR images, we start segmentation from a mid-sagittal brain MR image. Then the segmented mid-sagittal brain MR image is used as a mask that is applied to the remaining lateral slices. Then we apply preprocessing, which includes thresholding and region-labeling, to the lateral slices, resulting in simplified 3-D brain MR images. Finally, we remove remaining problematic regions in the 3-dimensional brain MR image using the connectivity-based thresholding segmentation algorithm. Experiments show satisfactory results.