• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.27-40
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of attachments to parents, teachers, and friends on delinquencies among elementary school students. Participants were 2844 elementary school students from the 2004-2006 panel 2 data of the Korea Youth Panel Survey(KYPS). For analyses of research questions, frequencies, descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, Pearson correlations and multiple regression analysis were used with SPSS 12.0. Results of the study indicated that : (1) For boys, attachments to parents reduced delinquencies more than for girls. However, for girls, attachments to teachers reduced delinquencies more than for boys. (2) Attachments to friends influenced delinquencies negatively in the 4th grade, but influenced delinquencies positively in the 6th grade. (3) When boys and girls kept in touch with delinquent peers, attachments to parents largely influenced delinquencies.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.101-108
• /
• 1981

This investigation was designed to compare the calcification degree of maxillary second permanent molar to mandibular second permanent molar in skeletal Class III Malocclusion. The material selected for this study consisted in standand lateral cephalogram study model and orthopantomogram of two hundred fifty seven Korean Children, one hundred twenty one boys and one hundred twenty four girls, aged 6 through 12 years, having skeletal Class III Malocclusion. On the basis of findigs of this study, the following results were obtained 1. In the stage of completion of crown, there was no significant difference in calcification degree between maxillary second molar and mandibular second molar of both boys and girls in skeletal Class III Malocclusion. 2. From 8 years of age at the stage of beginning root formation to 12 years of age, the calcification degree of mandibular second molar was more advanced than Maxillary second molar of both boys and girls in skeletal Class III Malocclusion.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.71-88
• /
• 2002

The subjects of this study on the effects of mother's personality on her childrearing behaviors were 1060 mothers and their $5^{th}$ grade children. Results indicated that maternal childrearing behaviors were related to her personality traits. The effects of mother's personality on her childrearing behaviors varied by sex of child, reporter (mother/child), and childrearing behavior factors. Mother-reported childrearing behaviors correlated more highly with her personality than child-reported behaviors. Behaviors reported by girls provided higher correlations between mother's personality and childrearing dimensions than reports by boys. Mother's personality traits showed differential correlations with childrearing dimensions of Rejection-Restriction (R R) and Warmth-Acceptance (W A) by reporter and sex of child. R R was affected by mother's Impulsiveness more among girls than among boys. Maternal Superiority increased W A toward boys while maternal Responsibility increased W A toward girls.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.59-72
• /
• 1999

The objectives of this study were to survey stress, eating behavior, and the influences of stress on eating behavior of high school boys and girls. The subjects of this study were 510 high school students(boys 240, girls 270) in Cheongju area. The questionaires were distributed to 510 students, self-evaluated and collected from Mar. 23 to Apr. 4, 1998. The results of this study were as follows： First, the third grade students of high school were suffering from many stress. The rate of such students was 33.9% of total students. Second, eating problems of students were unbalanced diet, irregular diet, omitting a meal. The most irregular meal was breakfast, especially girl students ate breakfast more irregular than boy students. Third, the higher the level of stress of stress of the students, the more eating problem existed. The more students met with stress, the more eating behavior was irregular in eating quantity. In conclusion, stress influences eating behavior of high school students negatively. Therefore, to improve eating behavior of students who are suffering from stress, the program on stress release and nutrition education should be developed and supplied to them.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제49권6호
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2011

This study was to examine the level of cognition, emotion, and social context of young children's injury risk behavior according to age and gender. The participants were 150 children of 3 to 5 years old(boys were 75 and girls were 75). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and two-way ANOVA. The results were as follows; 1) 5 year old children knew potential injury risk better than 3 or 4 year old children. 2) Boys felt less afraid than girls on risk situation. 3) As age increased, the score of social context was higher. The score of social context of boys was higher than that of girls.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.23-37
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate sex differences in creativity among young children and differences in creativity as a function of the questioning patterns of teachers. The subjects were 4 teachers and 133 five-year-old children (63 boys and 70 girls). The questioning of teachers were categorized into divergent vs. convergent patterns by 3 trained observers. The TTCT (Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking) was administered to the subjects. Creativity scores on fluency, elaboration, originality, and abstractness of titles differed by questioning patterns. Girls' elaboration scores were higher than boys' as a function of teachers' divergent questioning patterns. Boys' abstractness of titles was higher than girls' as a function of teacher's convergent questioning patterns.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.165-181
• /
• 2002

본 연구는 제주도 농촌지역의 취학 전 아동들의 영양상태를 파악하고, 이들 아동들의 건강관리에 기여하기 위해 고안되었다. 1999년부터 2001년까지 3개 연도에 걸쳐 제주도 북제주군 보건소에서 실시한 보육시설 및 유치원 아동건강검진 자료를 이용하였으며, 대상인원은 3-6세 아동 5,990명이다. 그리고 대조군으로 인근 제주시 지역의 아동 412명을 포함시켰다. 연구대상 항목으로는 키, 신장 그리고 혈색소 수치를 포함하였다. 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 남녀 아동의 신장은 남자 3-6세 연령별로 각각 96.35cm, 102.14cm, 109.94cm, 111.00cm로 나타났으며, 여자는 94.96cm, 100.93cm, 108.33cm, 110.54cm로 나타났다. 체중은 각 연령별로 남자 15.42kg, 16.93kg, 19.65kg, 19.67kg, 여자 14.90kg, 16.45kg, 18.88kg, 19.50kg으로 나타났다. 2. 표준신장에 대해 90% 미만의 아동이 남자 4.3%, 여자 4.1%로 나타났다. 그리고 표준체중에 대한 비가 80% 미만인 경우가 남자 7.6%, 여자 6.8%로 나타났으며, 120% 이상은 남자 10.4%, 여자 11.4%로 나타났다. 3. 비만정도는 남아의 경우 저체중이 11.6%, 여자 9.5%로 나타났으며, 비만 아동의 경우 남녀 각각 3.6%, 4.4%로 나타났다. 4. 혈색소 수치는 남자 11.83g/$d\ell$, 여자 11.83g/$d\ell$로 한국소아정상치(12.511.5g/$d\ell$)에 비해 낮았으며, 제주시 아동(12.311.5g/$d\ell$)에 비해서도 유의하게 낮았다. 빈혈아 동의 비율은 아동은 남녀별로 각각 38.1%, 37.2%의 아동이 빈혈기준(혈색소<11.5g/$d\ell$) 이하에 해당하였다. 5. 비만도가 정상범위에 해당하는 아동의 비율을 제주시와 비교한며 남아(80.2%, 71.6%), 여아(77.4%, 72.4%)로 북제주군의 정상범위 아동 비율이 유의하게 낮았다. 6. 1999년부터 2001년까지 3개 연 간 체질량지수(BMI)의 변화는 없었으나, 빈혈소견을 보인 아동의 비율은 유의하게 증가하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.347-358
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the blood pressure level and their sexual maturity and physical growth in the children at puberty. For this purpose, we estimated the blood pressure, physical growth and sexual maturity of the boys of 335 and girls of 373 who are in the middle schools which are located in Kangwha County, Kyungki-Do. Both systolic and diastolic pressure were measured twice. Such physical growth as height, body weight, skin fold thickness, waist circumference, hip circumference and arm circumference were measured. The sexual maturity was estimated according to the classification of Tanner's 5-phase-sexual-maturity : in boys, their pubic hair development phase : in girls, their pubic hair and breast development phase and the menstrual experience. In the phase of the pubic hair development, the boy's sexual maturity was distributed into this; the 1 st 56.4%, the 2nd 29.3%, the 3rd 9.9%, the 4th 4.1% and the 5th 0.3%. While the girls sexual maturity was distributed into this the 1st 20.5%, the 2nd 34.9%, the 3rd 30.6% the 4th 12.6% and the 5th 1.3% in the phase of the pubic hair development, and the 1st 0.8%, the 2nd 13.7%, the 3rd 36.2%, the 4th 18.8% and the 5th 30.5% in the phase of the breast development. This indicated that the girls sexual maturity was higher than those of the boys. The girls menstrual experience rate accounted to the 58.2%. In order to see the relationship between the children's sexual maturity and blood pressure level, we regress blood pressure level on physical growth (i.e., height, BMI) and sexual maturity. Sexual maturity in treates as dummy variables. As the resulf of this analysis, the boys' sexual maturity has nothing to do with the blood pressure either systolic or diastolic. But the girl's systolic pressure was statistically significant ; the 9% of the physical growth, the 5% of the pubic hair development and the 4% of the breast development in sexual maturity was explained. In the girls' diastolic pressure, only their pubic hair development was statistically significant ; the 7% of the physical growth and the 7% of the pubic hair development in the diastolic was explained and the 5% of the physical growth in the diastolic Korotokoff phase IV and the 2% of the pubic hair development in the diastic Korotokoff phase was explained, especially, the girls exprienced menstruation, their systolic and diastolic pressure were significantly high (P<0.01). Conclusively, in the first grade children attending middle schools who are in the early process of the sexual development, the sexual maturity was not related to blood pressure level, on the other hand, the blood pressure level of the girls who are more sexual development than those of the boys' have something to do with sexual maturity and physical growth.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.7-11
• /
• 2002

학령전 아동의 zinc absorption, excretion, balance에 대하여 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. Zinc absorption은 남자아동의 경우 29.7%, 여자아동의 경우 23.3%, 평균 25.8%로 나타났다. 대상자기 zinc absorption은 zinc intake와는 상관성이 나타나지 않았으며, zinc balance와 유의적 상관(p<0.01)을 보였다. Zinc balance는 남자아동의 경우 평균 3.25mg/day , 여자아동의 경우 1.78mg/day , 평균 2.34mg/day 로 1명의 대상자를 제외하고 모두 positive balance를 보였다. Fecal zinc loss는 평균 6.31mg/day, urinary ziilc loss는 평균 0.16mg/day 였다. zinc intake는 focal zinc loss및 zinc balance에 유의적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.01), urinary zinc는 intake의 영향을 받지 않았다. 우리나라 학령전 아동의 zinc absorption 및 balance 는 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 이 방면의 연구 자료가 많지 않아, 성장기 아동을 대상으로 한 zinc nutrition에 대한 구체적이고 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.307-322
• /
• 2008

This study was carried out to examine dietary habits, food frequency and dietary attitudes by gender and nutrition knowledge level in upper-grade school children. Subjects were 223 boys and 208 girls attending 13 elementary schools (5 th and 6 th graders). A self-administered questionnaire was developed to assess nutrition knowledge, dietary habits, food frequency, and dietary attitudes. Nutrition knowledge score assessed by 19 questions was significantly higher in girls than in boys. There were significant differences between boys and girls in several items in dietary habits such as enough breakfast time, dinner regularity, number of side dishes, eating speed, type of snack after dinner, and degree of saltiness of dishes. Girls consumed staple foods such as rice, noodles or bread more frequently, and consumed less frequently ramyun, fried foods, fast foods, and Chinese foods than boys. In addition, girls had more positive dietary attitudes in trying to reduce fast foods, Chinese foods, ramyun and fried foods. Also children in the high or moderate nutrition knowledge level groups had better dietary habits in frequency of meals, frequency of breakfast, enough breakfast time, dinner regularity, activity during the meal, number of side dishes, eating speed, type of snack after dinner, and better food choices by eating staple foods and vegetable side dishes, meats and beans more frequently, and fried foods, doughnuts/cakes, Chinese foods less frequently, and had better dietary attitudes in breakfast, vegetables and fruit intake than children in the low nutrition knowledge level group. Our results showed that dietary habits, food frequency and dietary attitudes were different by gender and nutrition knowledge level. These results suggest that in developing nutrition education program for elementary school children, the differences between gender and nutrition knowledge level should be considered. Nutrition education in elementary schools may change dietary habits and dietary attitudes through increasing nutrition knowledge.