• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2017

Bottom ash (BA) has different macro- and micronutrients such as B, Mo, Fe, Ca, and Mg, providing useful resources for plant growth and soil quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of artificial top-soil treated with BA in park area as a vegetation base material, especially for turfgrass growth. Collected BA was mixed with peat moss and clay at the ratio of 70:10:20 (w/w). In order to evaluate the park quality and turfgrass growth in park area, the artificial soil was applied with BA along with the control or without BA. Result showed that exchangeable K and P were increased by $11.4mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $163mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively, compared to the control soil when the artificial soil was treated with BA. Microbial population and enzyme activity (Acid-phosphatase, APA) in artificial soil having BA also increased as 2 times and 10%, respectively, compared to the control soil. Comparing turfgrass growth and yield between general soil and artificial soil, about 2 times higher plant yield (fresh weight) was observed as artificial soil was applied comparing to general soil. Furthermore, nutrient concentration in turfgrass was averaged as 0.440% for $P_2O_5$, 0.456% for CaO, 1.198% for $K_2O$ and 0.188% for MgO that all values are higher than general soil (0.323% for $P_2O_5$, 0.416% for CaO, 0.610% for $K_2O$ and 0.173% for MgO). Application of BA can be useful for vegetation base material in park site.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.29-37
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• 2013

In this study, we constructed the test embankment with four kinds of sections(2 kinds of bottom ash; tire shred-bottom ash mixture, weathered soil) in field and had been monitoring the behaviour of the test embankment and change of ground water quality for 1 year. In the geotechnical aspects, there was no relative difference of deformation in 4 test materials section and we could not see the possibility of the strength-reduction of coal ash materials by freezing inside of the embankment. In addition, no settlement was observed in the test sections because the base soil of the test sections was rigid enough that no consolidation was occurred. In the examination of water quality, all of the heavy metals and negative ions were detected below the drinking water standards except for sulfate($SO_4^{2-}$). In the beginning of measurement, higher concentrations of sulfate from 4 test sections were detected than drinking water standard for 20 days after beginning of the test but the concentrations decreased below the drinking water standard after 50 days after the tests.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2009

Glass ceramics were made from coal bottom ash by adding CaO and $Li_2O$ as glass modifiers and $TiO_2$ as a nucleating agent in a process of melting and quenching followed by a thermal treatment. The surface of the glass ceramics has 1.6 times more $Li_2O$ compared to the inner matrix. When $TiO_2$ was not added or when only 2 wt% was added, the surface parts of the glass ceramics were crystalline with a thickness close to $130{\mu}m$. In addition, the matrixes showed only the glass phase and not the crystalline phase. However, doping of $TiO_2$ from 4 wt% to 10 wt% began to create small crystalline phases in the matrix with an increase in the quantity of the crystalline. The matrix microstructure of glass ceramics containing $TiO_2$ in excess of 8 wt% was a mixture of dark-gray crystalline and white crystalline parts. These two parts had no considerable difference in terms of composition. It was thought that the crystallization mechanism affects the crystal growth, direction and shape and rather than the existence of two types of crystals.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.34-39
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• 2011

This study investigated the shear and CBR characteristics of dredge soil-bottom ash-waste tire powder-mixed lightweight soil, which was developed to recycle dredged soil, bottom ash, and waste tire powder. Test specimens were prepared with various contents of waste tire powder ranging from 0 to 100% at 50% intervals by the weight of the dry dredged soil. Several series of triaxial compression tests and CBR tests were conducted. The shear strength characteristics of the lightweight soil were compared using two different shear tests (triaxial compression test and direct shear test). The experimental results indicated that the internal friction angle of the lightweight soil obtained by the direct shear tests was greater than that by the triaxial shear tests. However, the cohesion value obtained by the triaxial shear tests was greater than that by the direct shear tests. The CBR value of the lightweight soil decreased from 35% to 15% as waste tire powder content increased.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 2014

Bed-soils can be used to help plants to overcome unfavorable conditions of soils, especially hydraulic properties of soils. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic and inorganic raw materials on saturated hydraulic conductivity ($K_s$) of bed-soils. Perlite and bottom ash, which are inorganic materials, increased more $K_s$ of bed-soils than coco peat, an organic material. However, vermiculite, an inorganic material, increased less than coco peat. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of bed-soil mixed with fine vermiculite ($0.14{\pm}0.02mh^{-1}$) was much lower than one containing coarse vermiculite ($0.85{\pm}0.21mh^{-1}$). Such effect was more apparent when pressure was added on bed-soils containing fine vermiculite ($0.07{\pm}0.01mh^{-1}$), probably reflecting the decrease in pore size with the expansion of vermiculite wetted. Compacting decreased more $K_s$ in the bed-soils containing coco peat or vermiculite than other mixtures. Those results suggest that perlite and bottom ash in bed-soils play an important role in improving saturated hydraulic conductivity but vermiculite in bed-soils may suppress the improvement of saturated hydraulic conductivity with the decrease of its size and with the increase of compacting pressure.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanical characteristics of fiber-reinforced lightweight soil using waste fishing net or monofilament for recycling both dredged soils and bottom ash. Reinforced lightweight soil consists of dredged soil, cement, air foam, and bottom ash. Waste fishing net or monoiament was added the mixture in order to increase the shear strength of the lightweight soil. Test specimens were fabricated with various mixing conditions, including waste fishing net content and monofilament content. Several series of unconfined compression tests and direct shear tests were carried out. From the experimental results, it was found that the unconfined compressive strength, as well as the stress-strain behavior of reinforced lightweight soil was strongly influenced by mixing conditions. In this study, the maximum increase in shear strength was obtained with either a 0.5% content of monofilament or 0.25% waste fishing net. The unconfined compressive strength of reinforced lightweight soil with monofilament was greater than that of reinforced lightweight soil with waste fishing net.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.283-294
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• 2015

In the present study, a porous concrete with alkali activated slag (AAS) and coal bottom ash was developed and the effect of carbonation on the physical property, microstructural characteristic, and heavy metal leaching behavior of the porous concrete were investigated. Independent variables, such as the type of the alkali activator and binder, the amount of paste, and $CO_2$ concentration, were considered. The experimental test results showed that the measured void ratio and compressive strength of the carbonated porous concrete exceeded minimum level stated in ACI 522 for general porous concrete. A new quantitative TG analysis for evaluating $CO_2$ uptake in AAS was proposed, and the result showed that the $CO_2$ uptake in AAS paste was approximately twice as high as that in OPC paste. The leached concentrations of heavy metals from carbonated porous concrete were below the relevant environmental criteria.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.692-697
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• 2015

In this study, the reduction efficiencies of leachate heavy metal levels were investigated by adding $Al_2O_3$ and CaO to the bottom ash to observe their effects on the heavy metals leachate reduction efficiency. The ratio of $Al_2O_3$ and CaO contents were varied by 10~40% (W/W) alongside different curing time of 7 and 28 days. The reduction efficiencies of leachate heavy metal levels were estimated to be 69.3% for Cu and 52.1% for Pb during the curing time of 7 days. For the curing time of 28 days, the efficiencies changed to 85.2 and 100% for Cu and Pb, respectively. It was thus confirmed that the high reduction efficiency could be obtained as the curing time increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.119-130
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to analyze an availability of green roof soil based on the bottom ash soil and compost using sludge derived from food factory as comparing and analysing the growth of native plants. Analysing the physical properties and chemical resistance of 12 different type mixing soils which is mainly used in green roof, selected 4 types of soil, experiments were conducted to compare plant growth. The growth status of the plant showed the most superior of the soil 13(control), next soil 9(Pearlite : Bottom Ash : Compost = 20 : 60 : 20) and soil 10(Pearlite : Zeolite : Compost = 60 : 20 : 20) This result showed that native plants grow well in the soil based on the bottom ash and compost using sludge derived from food factory, and this soil type is determined that is available the green roof soil.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.300-306
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• 2014

To recycle coal bottom ash(denoted here as CBA) generated from thermal power plants as a functional construction material, artificial soil(denoted as AS) containing CBA with dredged soil(denoted as DS) at a ratio(wt%) of 70 : 30 was manufactured by means of material engineering with sintering in a rotary kiln at $1125^{\circ}C$ using a green body formed via extrusion processing. The properties of the soil mechanics of the AS and the as-received CBA were analyzed and compared. Compaction testing results determined an optimum moisture content of the AS and CBA at 18%. During these tests, the maximum dry unit weights of the materials were similar, at 1.57 and 1.58 $t/m^3$, respectively. The compressive strength levels of the AS and CBA concrete specimens were 5.1 and 5.4 $t/m^3$, respectively, both of which increased after materials engineering processing. In a consolidation test, the compression index of the AS and CBA was found to be $0.114{\pm}0.001$ in both cases. The values were similar regardless of the materials engineering processes, but during the consolidation of AS, its coefficient was higher than that of the CBA materials.