• Genes and Genomics
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1383-1388
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• 2018

The development of therapeutic bacteriophages will provide several benefits based on an understanding the basic physiological dynamics of phage and bacteria interactions for therapeutic use in light of the results of antibiotic abuse. However, studies on bacteriophage therapeutics against microbes are very limited, because of lack of phage stability and an incomplete understanding of the physiological intracellular mechanisms of phage. The major objective of this investigation was to provide opportunity for development of a novel therapeutic treatment to control respiratory diseases in swine. The cytokine array system was used to identify the secreted cytokines/chemokines after Bordetella bronchiseptica infection into swine nasal turbinate cells (PT-K75). We also performed the real-time quantitative PCR method to investigate the gene expression regulated by B. bronchiseptica infection or bacteriophage treatment. We found that B. bronchiseptica infection of PT-K75 induces secretion of many cytokines/chemokines to regulate airway inflammation. Of them, secretion and expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 are increased in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, membrane-bound mucin production via expression of the Muc1 gene is increased in B. bronchiseptica-infected PT-K75 cells. However, cytokine production and Muc1 gene expression are dramatically inhibited by treatment with a specific B. bronchiseptica bacteriophage (Bor-BRP-1). The regulation of cytokine profiles in B. bronchiseptica-induced inflammation by B. bronchiseptica bacteriophage is essential for avoiding inappropriate inflammatory responses. The ability of bacteriophages to downregulate the immune response by inhibiting bacterial infection emphasizes the possibility of bacteriophage-based therapies as a novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategy in swine respiratory tracts.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.80
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• pp.1112-1118
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• 2006

Bordetella bronchiseptica, the agent of swine atrophic rhinitis and kennel cough in dogs, is a mucosal pathogen and produces the hydroxamate type alcaligin siderophore under iron-limited conditions. Genes involved in alcaligin siderophore biosynthesis are contained in an alcABCDE operon. In order to provide direct evidence for the role of AlcA in alcaligin biosynthesis, we needed a B. bronchiseptica mutant carrying alcA gene deletion. A 0.6 kb alcA 5'-flanking and 0.7kb 3'-flanking DNA fragments were PCR amplified with the use of pCP1.11 as a template DNA. The 5'-and 3'-flanking DNA fragments were joined in a suicide plasmid, resulting in a recombinant suicide plasmid pDM1. After introduction of pDM1 into B. bronchiseptica by conjugation, the allelic exchange technique was performed and a B. bronchiseptica alcA deletion mutant, named B. bronchiseptica H1, was obtained. The mutant strain produced reduced amount of siderophore as expected. When a plasmid containing complete alcA gene was transformed back into the mutant, the complemented mutant recovered ability of siderophore production. These results indicated that AlcA is one of essential components for the alcaligin siderophore biosynthesis. The mutant strains obtained in this study will be used in the further studies for the biochemical function of AlcA.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 1988

The in vitro drug susceptibility of 83 strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica recovered from Korean pigs with atrophic rhinitis was investigated by the use of disk diffusion method. The majority of the organisms were highly resistant in order of prevalence to penicillin(98.7%), ampicillin(91.5%), streptomycin(90.3%), triple sulfa(83.1%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole(70.7%) while none of them were resistant to gentamicin, only 3.6% to colistin, chloramphenicol and kanamycin and 6.0% to tetracycline. The percentage of the organism resistant to bicozamycin, cephalothin and neomycin were 34.9%, 34.1% and 18.4%, respectively. A high prevalence of multiple drug resistance was observed and the 3 most common resistant patterns among 35 patterns noted were Am Pc Sm Sss Sxt(26.5%), Am Cf Pc Sm Sss Sxt(12.%) and Am Bm Pc Sm Sss Sxt(9.6%) patterns.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.242-242
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• 2009

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 1993

The present study was conducted to investigate the isolation frequency, biochemical prop erties and antimicrobial susceptibility of B. bronchiseptica isolated from slaughtered pigs during the period from March to December, 1992. In Kyeonggi province. A serological survey for antibody of B. bronchiseptica in 200 slaughtered pigs was carried out by agglutination and tetrazolium reduction methods. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. From 80 slaughtered pigs, 27(33.8%) case were isolated and all isolate strains were resistant to Penicillin, Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline and Ampicllin, while the majority of them were susceptible to Gentamicin, Cloxacin, Colistin, Neomycin, and Kanamycin. 2. Incidence of B. bronchiseptica antibody in 200 slaughtered pigs were measured by agglutination and tetrazolium reduction methods. Agglutination method was shown 38 (19%) of 200 with a titer of below 1：20 and 20(10%) of 200 with a titer of above 1：640. Tetrazolium reduction method was observed 33(16.5%) of 200 with a titer of below 1 : 20 and 32(15%) of 200 with a titer of above 1：640. 3. LSD analysis indicated that the difference of the responses between agglutination test and tetrazolium reduction test was not significant.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.305-316
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• 2022

Bordetella (B.) bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma (M.) felis, and Chlamydia (C.) felis are considered as main bacterial pathogens of feline upper respiratory tract disease (URTD). In this study, a new triplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (tqPCR) assay was developed for the rapid and differential detection of these bacteria in a single reaction. The assay specifically amplified three bacterial genes with the detection limit of below 10 copies/reaction. The assay showed high repeatability and reproducibility, with coefficients of intra-assay and inter-assay variation of less than 1%. Based on the diagnostic results of the assay using 94 clinical samples obtained from cats with URTD signs, prevalence of B. bronchiseptica, M. felis, or C. felis was 10.6%, 36.2%, or 6.4%, respectively, indicating that the diagnostic sensitivity was comparable to those of previously reported monoplex qPCR assays. The dual infection rates for B. bronchiseptica and M. felis or M. felis and C. felis was 2.1% or 3.2%, respectively. These results indicated that M. felis has been widely spread, and its co-infection with B. bronchiseptica or M. felis has been frequently occurred in Korean cat population. The developed tqPCR assay will serve as a promising tool for etiological and epidemiological studies of these three bacterial pathogens and the prevalence data obtained in this study will contribute to expanding knowledge about the epidemiology of feline URTD in Korea.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.341-344
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• 1994

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.346-350
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• 2004

Chitosan microspheres were prepared by ionic gelation process with sodium sulfate for nasal vaccine delivery. Bordetella Bronchiseptica Dermonecrotoxin (BBD) as a major virulence factor of a causative agent of atrophic rhinitis (AR) was loaded to the chitosan microspheres for vaccination. Morphology of BBD-loaded chitosan microspheres was observed as spherical shapes. The average particle sizes of the BBD-loaded chitosan microspheres were about $2.69$\mid${\;}\mu\textrm{m}$. More BBD was released with an increase of molecular weight of chitosan and with an increase of medium pH in vitro due to weaker intermolecular interaction between chitosan and BBD. Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}{\;}(TNF{\alpha})$ and nitric oxide (NO) from RAW264.7 cells stimulated with BBD-loaded chitosan microspheres were gradually secreted, suggesting that released BBD from chitosan microspheres had immune stimulating activity of AR vaccine.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2009

Suppuratives bronchopneumonia was found in a 3-month old domestic muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus). Dead muskrat showed hemorrhagic nasal discharge, severe hemorrhage and consolidation were observed in the lungs in necropsy. Histologically, severe polymorphic neutrophils and alveolar macrophages were infiltrated in the bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli. P. multocida and B. bronchiseptica were identified from the lungs, Klebsiella was isolated from the cecum. We demonstrated those organisms by biochemical test and confirmed P. multocida capsular type A by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2023

Bordetella (B.) bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma (M.) cynos, and M. canis are the major bacterial pathogens that cause canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC). In this study, we developed a triplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (tqPCR) assay for the differential detection of these bacteria in a single reaction. The assay specifically amplified three bacterial genes with a detection limit of below 10 copies/reaction. The assay showed high repeatability and reproducibility, with coefficients of intra- and inter-assay variations of less than 1%. The diagnostic results of the assay using 94 clinical samples from household dogs with CIRDC clinical signs, the prevalence of B. bronchiseptica, M. cynos, and M. canis was 22.3%, 18.1%, and 20.2%, respectively, indicating that the diagnostic sensitivity was comparable to those of previously reported qPCR assays. The dual infection rate of B. bronchiseptica and M. cynos, B. bronchiseptica and M. canis, and M. cynos and M. canis was 5.3%, 7.4%, and 3.1%, respectively. Moreover, the triple infection rate of B. bronchiseptica, M. cynos, and M. canis was 2.1%. These results indicate that coinfections with B. bronchiseptica, M. cynos, and M. canis have frequently occurred in the Korean dog population. The newly developed tqPCR assay in the present study will be a useful tool for etiological and epidemiological studies on these three CIRDC-associated bacterial pathogens. The prevalence and coinfection data revealed through this study will contribute to expanding knowledge on the epidemiology of CIRDC in the recent Korean dog population.