• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.3150-3171
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• 2018

In this paper, a heuristic method that leverages packet traces captured at the entire boarder of an ISP to distinguish and estimate the overall packet loss within an ISP's management domain (Intra_Path_Loss) and that in the outside Internet (Inter_Path_Loss) is proposed. Our method is inspired by that packet losses happened at different locations will cause different TCP sequence number patterns at the border of an ISP. Thereby, we leverage these TCP sequence number patterns to build a series of heuristic rules to estimate Intra_Path_Loss and Inter_Path_Loss, respectively. We do this work with an eye towards showing that the overall packet losses defined and estimated in this paper can provide the operators with some valuable information to help them precisely grasp the overall performance of network paths and narrow down the range of network anomalies. The proposed method is rigorously validated with simulations, and finally the results from a regional academic network JSERNET verify its effectiveness and practicability.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2011

We developed 14 transgenic lines of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) harboring the T-DNA border sequences and CryIAc1 transgene of the binary vector 416 using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated DNA transfer. Six lines had single copy cryIAc1 gene and four of them contained no vector backbone DNA. Of the left border (LB) flanking sequences six nucleotides were deleted in transgenic lines 416-2 and 416-3, eleven nucleotides in line 416-9, and 65 nucleotides including the whole LB sequences in line 416-17, respectively. And we defined 499 bp of genomic DNA (gDNA) of transformed Chinese cabbage, and blast results showed 96% homology with Brassica oleracea sequences. PCR with specific primer for the right border (RB) franking sequence revealed 834 bp of PCR product sequence, and it was consisted of 3' end of cryIAc1, nosterminal region and 52 bp of Chinese cabbage genomic DNA near RB. RB sequences were not found and the 58 nucleotides including 21 bp of nos-terminator 3' end were deleted. Also, there were deletion of 10 bp of the known genomic sequences and insertion of 65 bp undefined genomic sequences of Chinese cabbage in the integration site. These results demonstrate that the integration of T-DNA can be accompanied by unusual deletions and insertions both in transgenic and genomic sequences.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1778-1783
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• 2006

Event-specific PCR detection methods are the primary trend in genetically modified (GM) plant detection owing to their high specificity based on the flanking sequence of the exogenous integrant. Therefore, this study describes a real-time PCR system for event-specific GM canola GT73, consisting of a set of primers, TaqMan probe, and single target standard plasmid. For the specific detection of GT73 canola, the 3'-integration junction sequence between the host plant DNA and the integrated specific border was targeted. To validate the proposed method, test samples of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 10% GT73 canola were quantified. The method was also assayed with 15 different plants, and no amplification signal was observed in a real-time PCR assay with any of the species tested, other than GT73 canola.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.209-209
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• 1996

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors contain two highly conserved tyrosine residues which are located within or at the extracellular border of the second transmembrane domain. These tyrosine residues are located at positions 82 and 85 of the sequence of the ml subtype of muscarinic receptors. In this wok, we studied the involvement of these two residues in ligand binding to and agonist-induced activation this receptor subtype. our data suggest an important role for these two tyrosines in these processes, with a more prominent role for the tyrosine residue located at position 82 than that located at position 85. Evidence is also provided that while the aromatic moiety of these tyrosine residues is important for antagonist binding, both this moiety and the tyrosine phenolic hydroxyl group are involved in agonist binding and receptor activation.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.68.1-68.15
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• 2021

Background: Colistin and carbapenem-resistant bacteria have emerged and become a serious public health concern, but their epidemiological data is still limited. Objectives: This study examined colistin and carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella from pigs, pig carcasses, and pork in Thailand, Lao PDR, and Cambodia border provinces. Methods: The phenotypic and genotypic resistance to colistin and meropenem was determined in E. coli and Salmonella obtained from pigs, pig carcasses, and pork (n = 1,619). A conjugative experiment was performed in all isolates carrying the mcr gene (s) (n = 68). The plasmid replicon type was determined in the isolates carrying a conjugative plasmid with mcr by PCR-based replicon typing (n = 7). The genetic relatedness of mcr-positive Salmonella (n = 11) was investigated by multi-locus sequence typing. Results: Colistin resistance was more common in E. coli (8%) than Salmonella (1%). The highest resistance rate was found in E. coli (17.8%) and Salmonella (1.7%) from Cambodia. Colistin-resistance genes, mcr-1, mcr-3, and mcr-5, were identified, of which mcr-1 and mcr-3 were predominant in E. coli (5.8%) and Salmonella (1.7%), respectively. The mcr-5 gene was observed in E. coli from pork in Cambodia. Two colistin-susceptible pig isolates from Thailand carried both mcr-1 and mcr-3. Seven E. coli and Salmonella isolates contained mcr-1 or mcr-3 associated with the IncF and IncI plasmids. The mcr-positive Salmonella from Thailand and Cambodia were categorized into two clusters with 94%-97% similarity. None of these clusters was meropenem resistant. Conclusions: Colistin-resistant E. coli and Salmonella were distributed in pigs, pig carcasses, and pork in the border areas. Undivided-One Health collaboration is needed to address the issue.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2011

To identify unintended vertical gene-transfer rates from the developed transgenic plants, rapid and unequivocal techniques are needed to identify event-specific markers based on flanking sequences around the transgene and to distinguish zygosity such as homo- and hetero-zygosity. To facilitate evaluation of zygosity, a polymerase chain reaction technique was used to analyze a transgenic pepper line B20 (homozygote), P915 wild type (null zygote), and their F1 hybrids, which were used as transgene contaminated plants. First, we sequenced the 3'-flanking region of the T-DNA (1,277 bp) in the transgenic pepper event B20. Based on sequence information for the 3'- and 5'-flanking region of T-DNA provided in a previous study, a primer pair was designed to amplify full length T-DNA in B20. We successfully amplified the full length T-DNA containing 986 bp from the flanking regions of B20. In addition, a 1,040 bp PCR product, which was where the T-DNA was inserted, was amplified from P915. Finally, both full length T-DNA and the 1,040 bp fragment were simultaneously amplified in the F1 hybrids; P915 ${\times}$ B20, Pungchon ${\times}$ B20, Gumtap ${\times}$ B20. In the present study, we were able to identify zygosity among homozygous transgenic event B20, its wild type P915, and hemizygous F1 hybrids. Therefore, this novel zygosity identification technique, which is based on PCR, can be effectively used to examine gene flow for transgenic pepper event B20.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.201-206
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• 2003

Two lymphoid-specific proteins, RAG1 and RAG2, are required for the initiation of the V(D)J recombination in vitro. The V(D)J cleavage that is mediated by RAG proteins at the border between the coding and signal sequences results in the production of a hairpin at the coding end and a double-stranded break at the signal end. Two hairpin coding ends are re-opened, modified, and sealed; whereas, the signal ends are directly ligated. Here I report that only RAG1 can carry out a distinct endonucleolytic activity in vitro using an oligonucleotide substrate that is tethered by a short single-stranded DNA. The purified RAG1 protein alone formed a nick at the near position to the recombination signal sequence. This endonucleolytic activity was eliminated by immunoprecipitation using the RAG1-specific antibody, and required the 3'-hydroxy group. All of the RAG1 mutants that were incapable of the nick and hairpin formation in the V(D)J cleavage analysis also showed this new endonucleolytic activity. This suggests that the nicking activity that was observed might be functionally different from the nick formation in the V(D)J cleavage.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-34
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• 1968

Manganese ore deposits of the Samhan Changgun Properties are located at the valley of west-lope-side of Changgun-bong (1132m) occupied over the Myon border between Sochon-myon and Jaesan-myon Pongwha-gun, Kyongsang-Pukdo. Geology of the more property and it's vicinity consists of Wonnan formation and Yulri formation of pre-Cambrain and Changgun limestone formation, Mica-schist formation, quartizite formation and Jaesan formation (containing coal bearing zone the unknown age. And granites and dykes were intruded into the above formation later. 1. Management deposits is embedded the formation of Janggun limestone especially Contact zone in the contact zone to of Chunyang Granite limestone enclosed by Granite, and Maginal zone of fault line in the limestone. Therefore, Chunyang Granite is Closely related to ore deposit. Pegmatite which is near by ore deposit was intruded before mineralization and it seems to be a channelway of ore solution. The most important ore deposits of property grouped into south deposit, east deposit, east-Gachon deposit, South-Gachon deposit, Durimgok deposit and West deposit, out-crops at several place. Besides these deposits there also are several prospects on outcrop scathered. Hydrothermal alteration take place strongly in the well rock and it's sequence are Characterized as following; 1) Dolomitization 2) Carbonization 3) Mamgamotozation 4) Pyritization 5) Silicification 6) Oxidation 2. The grade of manganese dioxide is up to Mn 45% in Maximum, but generally, averaging Mn 30~35% of high grade ore and averaging Mn 30~32% of manganese carbonates are mined in his property.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.275-281
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• 2007

This paper presents a motion planning strategy for legged robots using locomotion primitives in the complex 3D environments. First, we define configuration, motion primitives and locomotion primitives for legged robots. A hierarchical motion planning method based on a combination of 2.5 dimensional maps of the 3D workspace is proposed. A global navigation map is obtained using 2.5 dimensional maps such as an obstacle height map, a passage map, and a gradient map of obstacles to distinguish obstacles. A high-level path planner finds a global path from a 2D navigation map. A mid-level planner creates sub-goals that help the legged robot efficiently cope with various obstacles using only a small set of locomotion primitives that are useful for stable navigation of the robot. A local obstacle map that describes the edge or border of the obstacles is used to find the sub-goals along the global path. A low-level planner searches for a feasible sequence of locomotion primitives between sub-goals. We use heuristic algorithm in local motion planner. The proposed planning method is verified by both locomotion and soccer experiments on a small biped robot in a cluttered environment. Experiment results show an improvement in motion stability.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.129-131
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• 2012

Blood samples were collected from 672 goats in 60 farms from five provinces of Korea between November 2009 and August 2011. The prevalence of antibodies to pestiviruses was investigated. The examination for antibodies was performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detecting antibodies to the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and border disease virus (BDV). All blood samples were screened using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primer pairs specific to common pestivirus genome regions. The observed individual seroprevalence was 1.49% and herd seroprevalence was 11.67%. Also, the specific genomes to pestiviruses were detected in 3 out of the 915 clinical samples (0.45%). Based on the nucleotide sequence data, detected pestiviruses were belonged to two BVDV type-1 and one BVDV type-2. The pestivirus infection has been occurred among Korean black goats. However, our results indicate that the prevalence of pestiviruses in black goats was not significantly higher on farms with cattle.