• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.417-424
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• 2009

Osteoclasts, derived from multipotent myeloid progenitor cells, play homeostatic roles in skeletal modeling and remodeling, but may also destroy bone in pathological conditions such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoclast development depends critically on a differentiation factor, the receptor activator of NF-${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL). In this study, we found that the hexane soluble fraction of the common fig Ficus carica (HF6-FC) is a potent inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis in RANKL-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). HF6-FC exerts its inhibitory effects by suppression of p38 and NF-${\kappa}B$ but activation of ERK. In addition, HF6-FC significantly decreased the expression of NFATc1 and c-Fos, the master regulator of osteoclast differentiation. The data indicate that components of HF6-FC may have therapeutic effects on bone-destructive processes such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontal bone resorption.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.320-324
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• 2012

Osteoporosis is an important public health issue in postmenopausal women. It is a major public health concern and is widely believed that osteoporosis results from imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation. Recently natural products from plants have been extensively studied as therapeutic drugs to treat and prevent various diseases. Hoelen (scientific name, Poria cocos) is a mushroom that is used in traditional Chinese medicine. Hoelen exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and has a protective effect on tumor progression. However, the effect of hoelen in osteoclast differentiation remains unknown. Thus, we examined the effect of hoelen in receptor activator of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. Hoelen significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) in dose dependent manner without toxicity. Also, we showed that hoelen significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of tartrate-resistant acid phophatase (TRAP) and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) in BMMs treated with RANKL. In Particular, hoelen greatly inhibited the protein expression of NFATc1. Ectopic expression of NFATc1 partially reverses hoelen-mediated inhibition of osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, our results demonstrated that hoelen may be useful treatment option of bone-related disease such as osteoporosis, reumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.364-371
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• 2022

The bones of the human body support the structures of the body and provide protection for a person's internal organs. Bone metabolic diseases are on the rise due to a significant increase in life expectancy over a short period of time. Therefore, we investigated the osteoblast differentiation promoting and osteoclastogenesis inhibitory activities of fermented Benincasa hispida cong. (HR1901-BS, HR1901-BSaf). We evaluated the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of MC3T3-E1 mouse calvarial-derived osteoblasts. We also evaluated expression of ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), which regulate osteoblast differentiation. To assess effects on osteoclast formation, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in RAW264.7 cells was analyzed. ALP activity increased by 121-136% and 140-156%, respectively in the presence of HR1901-BS and HR1901-BSaf. Expression of osteoblast differentiation factor also increased significantly. We also confirmed that HR1901-BS and HR1901-BSaf decreased TRAP activity in osteoclasts by 35-47% and 23-39%, respectively. Our results showed that fermented Benincasa hispida cong. (HR1901-BS, HR1901-BSaf) increase bone mineralization and osteoblast differentiation activity in MC3T3-E1 cells, and inhibit bone resorption activity in RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, fermented Benincasa hispida cong. (HR1901-BS, HR1901-BSaf) can be used as an effective natural resource for preventing and treating bone-related diseases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.516-520
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• 2011

Osteoporosis is social problem around the world, because fracture of old age may lead to critical medical condition. Osteoclast is a main target for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis due to their responsibility for bone resorption. Saussureae Radix has been known that has gastro-protective, bronchodilatory effect and has a anti-biotic effect. Saussureae Radix has been widely used in Oriental medicine. However, the effect of extract of Saussureae Radix in osteoclast differentiation remains unknown. Thus, we examined the effect of Saussureae Radix in receptor activator of nuclear factor-${\kappa}$B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. From the results of our study, Here we found that Saussureae Radix significantly inhibited osteoclast differentiation induced by RANKL. Saussureae Radix suppressed the activation of NF${\kappa}$B in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) treated with RANKL. Also, Saussureae Radix significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of c-Fos, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)c1 and cathepsin K in BMMs treated with RANKL. Particularly, Saussureae Radix greatly inhibited the protein expression of c-fos and NFATc1. especially in the case of NFATc1 expression, a master transcription factor of the differentiation of osteoclasts is very important step for osteoclastogenesis. These results demonstrate that Saussureae Radix may be useful treatment option of bone-related disease such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.3 s.80
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• pp.317-333
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to determine the proliferative activity of the osteoblasts and fibroblasts in the midpalatal area and to investigate the adjacent periodontal tissues of individual tooth following rapid expansion of the palate. Ten young adult dogs, aged approximately ten months, were used in the experiment. The experimental design was consisted of 1 week expansion group(Group E1, 3 dogs), 2 week expansion group(Group E2, 3 dogs), 2 week expansion and 2 week retention group(Group E3, 3 dogs), and control group(Group C, 1 dog). For each group, expansion screw was activated one time per day(1/4 turn;$90^{\circ}$) following Hyrax-screw application. The experimental animals in each group were sacrificed at 1, 2 and 4 weeks following palatal expansion. Maxillary tissue blocks were obtained and prepared ior the histomorphologic and immunohistochemical studies. Light mcroscope, polarizing microscope, and soft X-ray apparatus were used in this study, and following results were obtained. 1. In polarizing microscopic study, the expansion groups(E1 & E2) showed blue color representing bone resorption and new bone formation in midpalatal suture area. E3 groups skewed less blue color compared to the E1 and E2 group. But yellow color increased by calcification in the E3 groups. 2. Immunohistochemical study revealed that positive responses of the osteoblasts to PCNA and undifferentiated fibroblasts to EGF in E1 group were somewhat increased. Positive response to PCNA and EGF were increased in fibroblasts and the osteoblasts forming new bone in E2 group. In E3 group, the positive response cell concentrated the periphery of edge of palatal process in both PCNA and EGF. 3. Throughout the expansion period(E1 & E2), light microscopic study showed the edges of the extensive resorption and new palatal processes, indicating bone remodeling within the suture. E3 group exhibited less remodeling of midpalatal suture area. E2 group and E3 group showed cementum formation and resorption at the apex of 3rd premolar and 1st molar E3 group exhibited extensive hyalinized zone on the cervical portion of buccal side of 1st molar. 4. Soft X-ray analysis of E1 group showed hypomineralized defect and microfractures in various parts of the suture areas when compared with control animals. There was no significant difference in the degree of mineralization in the midpalatal suture region between the C and E3 groups. Tooth axis showed tipping of 3rd premolar and 1st molar in the E2 group and E3 group. Based upon these experimental results, it is concluded that the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells always presented in midpalatal suture area following RPE. Differentiated osteoblasts and fibroblasts possess proliferating cellular activity until the 2 week retention period. The posterior teeth are tend to tip buccally as RPE force applied. Retention group exhibited irreversible response with severe hyalinized zone on the buccal surface of the first molar.

• Food Quality and Culture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.85-88
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• 2008

We have investigated the effects of cottonseed extract on the proliferation, differentiation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of local factors in murine clonal osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Ethanol extract of cotton seed ($4{\sim}63{\mu}g/mL$) significantly increased the proliferatin of MC3T3-E1 cells (p<0.05). Moreover, cottonseed extract ($10{\sim}50{\mu}g/mL$) caused a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and collagen content in the cells. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent stimulator of bone resorption in inflammatory diseases. We examined the effect of cottonseed extract on the LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-$\alpha$) and nitric oxide (NO) in MC3T3-E1 cells. Treatment with cottonseed extract ($10{\sim}50{\mu}g/mL$) decreased the $5{\mu}g/mL$ LPS-induced production of TNF-$\alpha$ and NO in osteoblasts, suggesting that the antiresorptive action of cottonseed extract may be mediated by decrease in these local factors. This study suggests that cottenseed may contribute to antiresorptive action against osteoblastic cells, resulting in a beneficial effect in promoting the function of osteoblastic cells.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.727-733
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• 1997

Autotransplantation is a procedure which transplants teeth from the original position to other positions in the same individual. It is classified surgical reposition by intraalveolar autotransplantation and transalveolar autotransplantation. The prognosis for successful autotransplantation is dependent on a number of factors such as root development, surgical technique, patient's age, endodontic treatment, time and type of splinting, preservation of periodontal ligament and storage medium. The most important factor is preservation of periodontal ligament. The cause of the failure of transplantation include damage of the transplant during removal from deep palatal malposition, poor regeneration of the bone around the transplant and chronic periodontal infection. In case I, Impacted maxillary canine for which surgical exposure and orthodontic treatment was impossisle was transplanted. After 2 weeks, It showed periapical radiolucency and external root resorption. So, endodontic treatment was done. One year later, permanent filling was done with gutta percha. In case II, Transpositioned maxillary central incisor was transplanted after extraction of impacted mesiodens. Pulp vitality was maintained during 5 months without other clinical symptons.

• BMB Reports
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.356-361
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• 2018

Actin-binding LIM protein 1 (ABLIM1), a member of the LIM-domain protein family, mediates interactions between actin filaments and cytoplasmic targets. However, the role of ABLIM1 in osteoclast and bone metabolism has not been reported. In the present study, we investigated the role of ABLIM1 in the receptor activator of $NF-{\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclastogenesis. ABLIM1 expression was induced by RANKL treatment and knockdown of ABLIM1 by retrovirus infection containing Ablim1-specific short hairpin RNA (shAblim1) decreased mature osteoclast formation and bone resorption activity in a RANKL-dose dependent manner. Coincident with the downregulated expression of osteoclast differentiation marker genes, the expression levels of c-Fos and the nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), critical transcription factors of osteoclastogenesis, were also decreased in shAblim1-infected osteoclasts during RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation. In addition, the motility of preosteoclast was reduced by ABLIM1 knockdown via modulation of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/Rac1 signaling pathway, suggesting another regulatory mechanism of ABLIM1 in osteoclast formation. These data demonstrated that ABLIM1 is a positive regulator of RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation via the modulation of the differentiation and PI3K/Akt/Rac1-dependent motility.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.593-598
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• 2005

Osteoporosis is recognized as one of the major hormonal deficiency diseases, especially in menopausal women and the elderly. When the estrogen level is reduced in the body, local factors, which are known to be related with bone resorption, are increased and promote osteoclastogenesis. In our previous study, we validated the estrogenicity of silkworm pupa. In this study, we investigated the effect of silkworm pupa extract (SPE) on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. SPE (10 and $50\;{\mu}g/mL$) significantly elevated cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and collagen content in the cells. The effect of SPE ($50\;{\mu}g/mL$) in increasing cell viability, ALP activity, and collagen content was completely inhibited by the presence of $10^{-6}\;M$ of cycloheximide and $10^{-6}\;M$ of tamoxifen, suggesting that SPE's effect results from a newly synthesized, protein component and that it might be partly involved in estrogen action. Furthermore, we examined the effect of SPE on the $H_2O_2-induced$ apoptosis and production of local factors in osteoblasts. Treatment with SPE ($50\;{\mu}g/mL$) decreased the 0.2 mM $H_2O_2-induced$ apoptosis and the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6 and nitric oxide (NO) in osteoblasts. Our data indicate that the enhancement of osteoblast function by silkworm pupa may prevent osteoporosis and inflammatory bone diseases.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.214-221
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• 2023

In order to fabricate stable dentures in patients with severe resorption of residual ridges, various factors must be considered. One of them is the neutral zone, which is defined as the potential region in which the pressure of the tongue outward in the oral cavity and the pressure of the cheeks and lips directed inward from the outside of the oral cavity equalize during functioning. In patients with severe ridge resorption, if the teeth are usually arranged above the residual ridge, the teeth are located on the lingual side rather than the original position. Therefore, the functional space of the tongue is invaded, the tongue is positioned backward, and the sealing of the lingual border is broken, which acts as a factor reducing the maintenance of denture. In addition, it is also important for the stability of dentures to assume an interalveolar crest line connecting the maxillary and mandibular ridge crests, and to arrange the maxillary and mandibular artificial teeth to match the masticatory force to the interalveolar crest line. Therefore, good clinical results were obtained by fabricating dentures for the patient with poor alveolar residual ridge using neutral zone impression and ridge relationship analysis.