• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.386-396
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• 1995

Interieukin 1${\beta}$ is a potent bone resorptive cytokine which mediates soft tissue destruction through the stimulatidn of prostaglandin production and the induction of collagenase. This constellation of activities suggests a role of IL-1${\beta}$ in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of herbal extracts on production and activity of IL-1${\beta}$. When LPS was added to cultured human blood monocytes, the effects of herbal extracts on the production of IL-1${\beta}$ was evaluate by thymocyte stimulation assay. When rHuIL-1${\beta}$ was added to cultured human gingival fibroblasts, the effects of herbal extracts on production of $PGE_2$ was evaluated by ELISA and when it was added to cultured mouse calvaria, the effects on bone resorption was estimated by .$^{45}Ca$-release bone resorption assay. The herbal extracts that had been used in this study were as follows; Asparagi Radix, Schzandrae Fractus, Zizyphi Fractus and Rhois Galla. The following results were obtained from this study. 1. All these extracts effectively inhibited the production of IL-1${\beta}$ on cultured human blood monocytes. 2. All these extracts effectively inibited the production of $PGE_2$ on cultured human gingival fibroblasts. 3. All these extracts did not effectively inhibit the bone resorption induced by rHulL-1${\beta}$ on cultured mouse calvaria.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.462-465
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• 2012

Horizontal and vertical ridge augmentation with implant placement was performed, using a block type of autogenous tooth bone graft in a 37-year old male patient. This material was very useful for the case of severe alveolar bone resorption of a single tooth. After 13 months, excellent bony healing was obtained and final restoration was performed successfully.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.241-251
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate the root resorption pattern in incisors in dog under intrusive orthodontic loadings of various magnitude and duration. Intrusive forces were generated by closed coil springs. Force magnitudes were 15-30gm, 50-60gm and 80-110gm. Durations were continuous and intermittent. Intermittent duration was applied at intervals of 12 hours. The readjustment of the force was done every 4 days. The forces were maintained for 30 days. All specimens were decalfied, embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin-eosin stain. Observations were made with light microscope. The following results were obtained; 1. The continuity of root surface was ceased in all, except intermittent forced teeth with 25gm. 2. The root resorptions, cementoclasts and cemental lacunae, were increased around periapical regions and the destructive scope of bone was deeply extended as the exerted orthodontic forces increased. 3. It was inspected that, under the same forces, root resorption and bone destruction were more deeply appeared in the continuously forced teeth than the intermittently forced ones. 4. All of the alveolar bone, showed direct and undermining bone resorptions.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.94-98
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• 2005

Bone resorption surrounding tooth root causes tooth loss in periodontitis patients. Osteoclast has bone resorption activity. Effects of Artemisia asiatica on bone resorption induced by periodontopathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola, were examined using co-culture systems of mouse osteoblasts and bone marrow cells. Addition of A. asiatica ethanol extract to bacterial sonicate abolished bacteria-induced osteoclastogenesis. To determine inhibitory mechanism of A. asiatica against osteoclastogenesis, effects of A. asiatica on expressions of osteoclastogenesis-inducing factors such as receptor activator of NF-${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL), prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$, interleukin (IL)-1, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, in osteoblasts were examined. A. asiatica suppressed expressions of RANKL, $PGE_2$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and TNF-${\alpha}$ increased by each bacterial sonicate. These results suggest inhibitory action of A. asiatica against osteoclastogenesis is associated with down-regulations of RANKL, $PGE_2$ IL-$1{\beta}$, and TNF-${\alpha}$ expressions.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.526-540
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• 1992

Osteoporosis, a well known metabolic bone disease, occurs due to imbalance of bone formings and resorptions. In an attempt investigate if postmenopausal osteoporosis would have influence on the mandible, histomorphometric analysis was performed in the mandible and the femur of the albino rats. Osteoporosis was induced by bilateral oophorectomy. To determine the effect of calcitonin, calcitonin(Asahi Chemical Co., Japan) was injected in the oophorectomized rats. The results were as follows : 1. The width of cortical bone of the femur was decreased in the oophorectomized group compared to the normal control and calcitonin injected groups and the porosity of cortical bone of the femur was increased in the oophorectomized group compared to the normal control and calcitonin injected groups. 2. The osteoid tissue and resorption lacuna of the femur was increased in both oophorectormized and calcitonin injected groups than the normal control group. 3. The width of cortical bone of the mandible was decreased in the oophorectomized group compared to the normal control and calcitonin injected groups. 4. The porosity of cortical bone of the mandible was decreased in both oophorectomized and calcitonin injected groups than the normal control group. 5. The relative volume of trabecular bone of the mandible was decreased in the oophorectomized group compared to the normal control and calcitonin injected groups. 6. The osteoid tissue of the mandible was increased in the calcitonin injected group than the normal control and oophorectomized groups. 7. The resorption lacuna of the mandible was increased in both oophorectomized and calcitonin injected groups, particularly in the oophorectomized group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1096-1104
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• 1996

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of sodium cholride supplementation on bone metabolism in female rats consuming a low calcium diet. Twenty five female rats were divided into three dietary groups (control Na : 0.1038%, 1% Na : 1.036%, 2% Na : 2.072%). All experimental diets contained 0.27% Ca and were fed to rats with deionized water for 7 weeks. Bone mineral density(BMD) and bone mineral content(BMC) of total body, spine and femur were measured using energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA) by small animal software. Then Ca efficiency was calculated from BMD and BMC. Serum Ca, P, Na and urine Ca, P, Na were determined. Urinary pyridinoline, serum ALP were measured to monitor bone resorption. Following 7 weeks, sodium cholride supplemented groups had higher urinary Ca excreteion, urinary pyridinoline, crosslinks value and serum ALP. There was no significant difference in case of serum Ca among all groups. Sodium chloride supplemnted groups had lower Ca effciency of total, spine and femur BMD and BMC than that of control group. In conclusion high salt intake not only increases urinary Ca excretion as urinary Na excretion does but also increase bone resorption and decrease Ca efficiency of each bone. It is been suggested that high salt intake may be harmful for bone maintenance. Therfore, the decrease of salt intake to the level of recommendation would be desirable.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.716-728
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• 1998

To investigate the effect of dietary Ca levels on metabolic changes of Ca and skeleton in postmenopausal women, 10-month-old ovariectomized female rats were compared with 2 month old rats. The rats were fed either 0.2% or 1.2% Ca diets for 16 weeks. Food intake and weight gain as higher in rats fed high Ca diets and in ovariectomized rats. Apparent Ca absorption as higher, and Ca balance was lower in the low Ca groups. Vertebrae density was higher in old rats or those fed a high Ca diets. The old rats and ovariectomized rats showed decreased bone formation, increased bone resorption and kidney function deterioration resulting in increased urinary Ca excretion. Contradictory to the above observation, old rats and ovariectomized rats still showed higher bone mass and bone ash content. Therefore aging was not fully onging in 10-month-old rats. Bone weights, mineral contents, and mineral/wt ratio were lower in ovariectomized rats. Dietary Ca level did not affect urinary Ca excretion, urinary protein excretion, GFR, serum alkaline phosphatase, or urinary hydroxyporline excretion. This means that dietary Ca level did not influence kidney function or bone turnover. However Ca content and the ash content of femur, 4th vertebra, and scapula were increased in high Ca groups. Therefore, it is considered that decreased bone formation and accelerated bone resorption may account for the increased osteoporotic risk in women in menopause after middle age. However, Ca metabolism can be improved and bone components can be maintained if Ca is supplemented.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to obtain statistical data on the residual bone height at different natural tooth positions by panoramic radiography in edentulous Korean patients aged 60-90 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study included the diagnostic panoramic radiographs of 180 randomly selected edentulous patients without systemic diseases affecting bone. The radiographic selection criteria included absence of obvious facial asymmetry, clearly visible anatomic structures, and no surgical and fracture history. The panoramic radiographs of 79 patients met these criteria and were used in the analysis. The same researcher processed all the radiographs by using a standardized method. The height of the residual bone was measured at 18 predetermined sites (7 in the maxilla and 11 in the mandible) on digitized and printed radiographs by using a Digimatic caliper, triangle, and ruler. Gender- and age-related differences were statistically analyzed by using the t-test and rank-sum test (${\alpha}=0.05$). RESULTS. The maxillary residual bone height did not show significant gender-related differences, but male patients had significantly higher residual bone in the mandible(P<.05). No significant height differences at the measured sites were noted among the 60s, 70s, and 80s age groups. CONCLUSION. Dentists should pay greater attention to older female edentulous patients because they are more prone to rapid residual bone resorption. Residual bone resorption may not be affected by age.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2011

The working mechanism of bisphosphonate on bone cells is unclear despite its powerful inhibitory activity on bone resorption. The differentiation and activation of osteoclasts are essential for bone resorption and are controlled by the stimulatory RANKL and inhibitory OPG molecules. Teeth exhibit a range of movement patterns during their eruption to establish their form and function, which inevitably accompanies peripheral bone resorption. Hence, the mandible, which contains the teeth during their eruption processes, is a good model for revealing the inhibitory mechanism of bisphosphonate upon bone resorption. In the present study, RANKL and OPG expression were examined immunohistochemically in the mandible of rats with developing teeth after alendronate administration (2.5 mg/kg). The preeruptive mandibular first molars at postnatal days 3 to 10 showed the developing stages from bell to crown. No morphological changes in tooth formation were observed after alendronate administration. The number of osteoclasts in the alveolar bone around the developing teeth decreased markedly at postnatal days 3, 7 and 10 compared with the control group. RANKL induced strong positive immunohistochemical reactions in the dental follicles and stromal cells around the mandibular first molar. In particular, many osteoclasts with strongly positive reactions to RANKL appeared above the developing mandibular first molars at postnatal days 3 and 10. Immunohistochemical reactions with RANKL after alendronate administration were weaker than the control groups. However, the immunohistochemical reactivity to OPG was stronger after alendronate administration, at postnatal days 3 and 10. These results suggest that alendronate may decrease bone resorption by regulating the RANKL/OPG pathway in the process of osteoclast formation, resulting in a delay in tooth eruption.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.216-226
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• 2020

Root resorption can be caused by several factors, including contact with the cortical bone. Here we report a case involving a 21-year-old female with Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusion who exhibited significant root resorption in the maxillary right central incisor after orthodontic treatment. The patient presented with significant left-sided deviation of the maxillary incisors due to lingual dislocation of the left lateral incisor and a Class II molar relationship. Cephalometric analysis demonstrated a Class I skeletal relationship (A point-nasion-B point, 2.5°) and proclined maxillary anterior teeth (upper incisor to sella-nasion plane angle, 113.4°). The primary treatment objectives were the achievement of stable occlusion with midline agreement between the maxillary and mandibular dentitions and appropriate maxillary anterior tooth axes and molar relationship. A panoramic radiograph obtained after active treatment showed significant root resorption in the maxillary right central incisor; therefore, we performed cone-beam computed tomography, which confirmed root resorption along the cortical bone around the incisive canal. The findings from this case, where different degrees of root resorption were observed despite comparable degrees of orthodontic movement in the bilateral maxillary central incisors, suggest that the incisive canal could be an inducing factor for root resorption. However, further investigation is necessary to confirm this assumption.