• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lycii fructus (LF) on serum lipid and the collagen content of the connective tissues in ovariectomized rats. From day 2 until day 37 after the ovariectomy, Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups : sham-operated rat (Sham), ovariectomized control rat (OVX-control), and ovariectomized rats supplemented with the LF 50mg/kg bw/day (OVX-LF). The LF ethanol extract were orally administrated 1ml per day. Body weight gain was not significantly different in groups. Although total-cholesterol and triglyceride were increased in the ovariectomized control, supplementation with the LF extract decreased the levels. Moreover, the serum HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly increased after supplementation with the LF extract(p<0.05). Supplementation with the LF extract prevented a decrease in the collagen level in bone and cartilage tissues. These results are consistent with the conclusions based on the estrogenic activities of LF. Therefore, it may be used to possibly improve the quality of life in menopausal women.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2012

The correlation between osteoporosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress was investigated. Thus, interest in food and plants with antioxidant effects that can reduce damage caused by ROS during bone metabolism is heightening. In this study, the antioxidant effect of Taraxacum mongolicum on proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells under H2O2-induced oxidative stress was studied to investigate its protective effect against oxidative stress and its availability as an antioxidant material related to bone diseases. As a result, total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents of T. mongolicum were 33.65 mg/g and 4.45 mg/g, respectively. The T. mongolicum extract increased proliferation of both MC3T3-E1 cells and differentiated osteoblasts under $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress conditions. In addition, two differentiation markers, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization level in the T. mongolicum extract, tended to increase. These results indicate that T. mongolicum extract suppressed the damage to osteoblasts under oxidative stress and that it is potential antioxidant materials for preventing bone diseases.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.339-344
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• 1999

김치의 향미개선 및 게껍질 분말 첨가김치의 부미를 제거하기 위한 향미개선제로서 우골추출물의 첨가효과를 검토하였다 우골추출물은 김치의 숙성중 pH와 산도, 총균수, 젖산균비, Leuconostoc과 Lactobacilli의 수에는 큰 영향을 미치지 못하였으나 산미와 김치냄새를 감소시키고 종합적 맛을 개선시키는 향미 개선제로서의 역할을 하였다. 또 우골추출물(0.03%)을 게껍질분말(1.5%)과 함께 첨가할 경우는 게껍질분말만을 첨가한 경우보다 높은 pH를 유지하는 한편 완충효과가 증가되었으며 젖산균비가 높아졌다. 관능검사에 의하여 평가한 결과 게껄질분말을 단독으로 첨가한 경우보다 우골추출물을 병용하여 첨가한 김치에서 비린 맛이 낮아졌으며, 아삭아삭한 맛과 종합적인 맛은 숙성전반에 걸쳐 높게 나타났다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2015

Osteoporosis induces a bone mineral density loss due to imbalance of bone homeostasis that is achieved by osteoclasts (which are involved in bone resorption) and osteoblasts (which are involved in bone formation). Thus, this study was performed to evaluate the effects of hot water extract of the Achyranthes bidentata Blume (ABB) and Panax ginseng (Gin) on osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation. In this study, there was no cytotoxicity by ABB, 50 and $100{\mu}g/ml$ of Gin significantly decreased cell viability of RANKL-induced osteoclast in RAW264.7 cell (p < 0.01). But, it was $50{\mu}g/ml$ of ABB and Gin mixtures increased due to protective action of ABB. Furthermore, Gin contained groups (Gin, ABB and Gin mixtures) were inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, and increased in osteoblast differentiation activity. Gin clearly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by decreased calcitonin and TRAP (p < 0.01). Also, these extracts significantly increased calcium accumulation formation of osteoblastic differentiation reagents-induced osteoblast in MC3T3-E1 cell (p < 0.05). These results suggest that ABB and Gin mixtures may be a potential as drug for the treatment of osteoporosis.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.434-437
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to investigate whether Monascus-fermented soybean extracts (MFSE) containing natural estrogen-like compounds such as isoflavones and mevinolins has potential effects on human osteoblast-like SaOS2 cells using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and alkaline phophatase (ALP) assaies. MFSE exerted biphasic dose-dependent effect; stimulating osteoblastic activity at low concentrations and inhibiting SaOS2 cells viability at high concentrations. At $10^{-8}-10^{-4}\;mg/mL$, MFSE is not only non-cytotoxic but also induced comparatively high ALP activity on SaOS2 cells. ALP activity (%) significantly increased (220.1%, p<0.05) when SaOS2 cells were treated with MFSE at a concentration of $10^{-5}\;mg/mL$, whereas slowly increased (185.6%, p<0.05) in unfermented soybean extracts (UFSE) at $10^{-3}\;mg/mL$. The potentially greater ALP activity of MFSE compared to the UFSE might partially be caused by its mevinolin, which was derived from the soybean during Monascus-fermentation. Our findings indicate that supplementation of MFSE may accelerate the speed of intracellular ALP synthesis by the bone cells when provided at optimal dosages.

• 생약학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2009

Among aging diseases, the most basic problem is a decrease in bone mineral density. Patients with osteoporosis are steadily increasing in the world. This study was investigated to show the relationship between osteoporotic effects and oxidative damage. Water extracts of 15 medicinal plants and ethanol extracts of 14 medicinal plants with known anti-osteoporotic effects, were tested for their radical scavenging activity using DPPH, ABTS, SRSA and FRAP assay. Water extract of Cornus officinalis, Rubus coreanus and ethanol extract of Rubus coreanus, Viscium album var. coloratum, Cimicifuga heracleifolia showed about 15-20 mg/g of total phenolic contents. Water extract of Cornus officinalis, Rubus coreanus and Epimedium koreanum showed high radical scavenging activity. Ethanol extract of Drynaria fortunei, Cornus officinalis, Rubus coreanus, Gentiana scabra and Astragalus membranaceus showed high radical scavenging activity. Water extract of Drynaria fortunei, Cornus officinalis, Nelumbo nucifera, Epimedium koreanum, and Gentiana scabra showed very strong protective effect against oxidative damage to DNA. These results suggest the correlation between anti-osteoporotic effects and antioxidative effects.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 1998

This study was designed to demonstrate the antigenotoxic potential of methyl alcohol extracts from Auricularia mesenterica and Gyrophora esculenta against the frequency of micronucleate polychromatic erythrocyte(MNPCE) produced by benzo($\alpha$) pyrene in vivo. We used the mouse bone marrow test system to measure the effect of single and multiple treatments of each sample. Genotoxicity of benzo ($\alpha$) pyrene(150mg/kg, i.p.) as positive control was the highest at 36 hours. However, each sample per dose was not genotoxic, showing MNPCE values in the range of the control level. Treatments of methyl alcohol extracts both of Auricularia mesenterica and Gyrophora esculenta showed significant decreased frequencies of NMPCE induced by benzo($\alpha$) pyrene within 12 hours by single treatment(100mg/kg, oral). And also, the MNPCE level produced benzo($\alpha$) pyrene was decreased by the treatment of benzo($\alpha$) pyrene(5 to 200mg/kg, oral) of each sample, but significantly different redults were obtained with 100mg/kg. In the multiple treatment, the highest antigentoxic effects were demonstrated with 20mg/kg in the each sample, a range which induced inhibition indices of 54.2 and 56.3%, respectively.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2022

To determine the effect of Korean medicine treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) this study reviewed both single ingredients and bioactive compounds in the treatment of ANFH in a rat model. Literature was retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar using the keywords "femur head necrosis," "natural extract," and "rat." The data from studies analyzed included: rats' characteristics, development methods of ANFH, natural extracts administration, observation methods, and outcome indicators. Two independent researchers screened all articles retrieved and 26 studies were chosen. The most used rat species was the Sprague Dawley rat (76.9%). To induce ANFH, steroid injections (46.2%), and oral gavage (53.8%) were typically used. Studies focused mainly on factors affecting bone formation (65.3%), and apoptosis (53.8%). Research on ANFH focused on using traditional natural substances mentioned in classical literature to confirm its effectiveness against anti-inflammation, osteogenesis, and cell death. ANFH has a diverse etiology, therefore research models such as genetic analysis of human-derived samples from ANFH patients may shed more light on the condition. Moreover, research into herbal medicines and pharmacoacupuncture treatment of ANFH should precede.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.244-248
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• 1995

본 연구는 90-95$^{\circ}C$에서 물과 함께 가열하여 닭뼈 용출액을 만들고 유리아미노산과 아미노태질소 및 Ca, p, Fe의 함량을 측정한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 닭뼈 용출액에 가장 많이 함유된 아미노산은 glutamic acid로 총 유리아미노산의 약 20%를 차지하였으며 다음으로 Iysine, alanine, cysteine, glycine이 풍부하여 이들이 닭뼈 용출액의 주요 정미성분으로 인식되었다. 2. 닭뼈 용출액 중의 아미노태질소의 함량은 3시간 가열시까지 증가하였으며 4시간이후부터 감소하기 시작하였다. 3. Ca과 P은 3시간 가열시 각각 5.0 mg/100g chicken bone과 42.5 mg/100 g chicken bone이었다가 4시간 가열 이후 감소하기 시작하였으며 Ca/P의 비율은 대체로 1:7.1-8.6정도로 P의 함량이 Ca에 비해 매우 높은 편이었다. Fe은 가열시간 증가에 따라 4시간까지는 증가하였으나 이후 감소하였다. 4. 관능검사 결과 닭뼈 용출액의 색은 5시간 가열시에 유의적으로 색이 진해 졌으며, 풍미는 3-4시간 가열시에 강하게 나타났다. 또한 전체적인 수응도는 3시간이상 가열시에는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과 닭뼈에서 Ca, P, Fe같은 무기질의 용출은 매우 낮아서 닭뼈 용출액이 무기질 섭취면에서 별로 효과적이지 않은 것으로 보이나 유리아미노산과 아미노태질소로 인한 정미성분으로서의 이용은 매우 바람직한 것으로 나타났으며, 이들 정미성분의 이용을 위해서는 90-95$^{\circ}C$에서 3-4시간 정도의 가열이 적당할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.545-559
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• 1998

Magnoliae cortex has been used as a drug for treatment of fractures in Chinese medicine and safflower(Carthamus tinctorius $Linn{\acute{e}}$) has been traditionally used for treatment of blood stasis. The purpose of present study was to examine the biologic effects of magnoliae cortex extract and safflower extract mixture(MSM) on human periodontal ligament cells and fetal rat calvarial osteoblasts and on healing of rat calvarial defects. The ethanolic extracts of magnoliae cortex(MCE), safflower seed(SSE), Zea May L(ZML) were prepared as positive control group. MSM mixed to the ratios of 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 5 and 1 : 10 were used as test group. The effects of each agents on the growth and survival, ALPase activity, cell proliferation and tissue regenerative effect of each extracts was evaluated by histomorphometric measuring of newly formed bone on the 8 mm defect in rat calvaria after oral administration of 2 ratio groups(1 : 5 and 1 : 10) at 3 different doses (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5g/kg per day). MSM stimulated the growth and survival rate of osteoblasts and PDL cells more than any other agents. The growth and survival rate were increased as the proportion of safflower seed extract was increased. MCE, SSE, ZML stimulated the ALPase activity of osteoblast and PDL cell in comparison to the negative control group. But all groups of MSM regardless of ratio of safflower seed extract stimulated the ALPase activity than any other agent. The ALPase activity was also increased as the proportion of safflower seed extract was increased. Although MCE, SSE, ZML stimulated the proliferation of osteoblasts. 1 : 5 and 1 : 10 ratio MSM showed significant increase in stimulation of proliferation of osteoblasts. No agent significantly increased proliferation of PDL cells. Significant new bone formation were seen where 1 : 5 ratio, 0.5g/kg group and 1 : 10 ratio, 0.25, 0.5g/kg groups were used. These results show that magnoliae cortex extract and safflower seed extract mixture can potentially increase bone regeneration ability.