• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.967-972
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• 2007

Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease and is characterized by diminished bone strength predisposing to an increased risk of fracture. We investigated the effects of the extract from Acyranthes Radix on the progress of bone loss in ovariectomized rats for 6 weeks. Female Sprague-Dawley 40 rats of 3-4 weeks, weight 200 ${\pm}$ 10g were divided into two groups including the sham operation group(8 rats) and ovariectomy group(32 rats). The dose-dependent effect of Acyranthes Radix extract on bone mineral density and biochemical testing was assessed in ovariectomized rat. Body weights were increased in all groups was higher in experimental group than sham operation group. The level of bone mineral density, GPT, and serum P concentration, ALP were increased experimental group, but a little increase in sham operation group at same period. This longitudinal study result made conclusion that Acyranthes Radix extract treatment appeared to improve the osteoporosis delaying the progression to the osteoporotic process in rats.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.167-174
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• 2015

Objective : This study investigates the role of a burr hole and calvarial bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) in a transient ischemic brain injury model in the rat and postulates a possible mechanism for the efficacy of multiple cranial burr hole (MCBH) surgery in moyamoya disease (MMD). Methods : Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats (250 g, male) were divided into four groups : normal control group (n=5), burr hole group (n=5), ischemia group (n=5), and ischemia+burr hole group (n=5). Focal ischemia was induced by the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). At one week after the ischemic injury, a 2 mm-sized cranial burr hole with small cortical incision was made on the ipsilateral (left) parietal area. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 50 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally, 2 times a day for 6 days after the burr hole trephination. At one week after the burr hole trephination, brains were harvested. Immunohistochemical stainings for BrdU, CD34, VEGF, and Doublecortin and Nestin were done. Results : In the ischemia+burr hole group, BrdU (+), CD34 (+), and Doublecortin (+) cells were found in the cortical incision site below the burr hole. A number of cells with Nestin (+) or VEGF (+) were found in the cerebral parenchyma around the cortical incision site. In the other groups, BrdU (+), CD34 (+), Doublecortin (+), and Nestin (+) cells were not detected in the corresponding area. These findings suggest that BrdU (+) and CD34 (+) cells are bone marrow-derived stem cells, which may be derived from the calvarial bone marrow through the burr hole. The existence of CD34 (+) and VEGF (+) cells indicates increased angiogenesis, while the existence of Doublecortin (+), Nestin (+) cells indicates increased neurogenesis. Conclusion : Based on these findings, the BMSCs through burr holes seem to play an important role for the therapeutic effect of the MCBH surgery in MMD.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.643-653
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• 2002

Periodontal supporting tissue goes through destruction by chronic inflammatory periodontal disease as two aspect. One is qualitive aspect such as alteration of periodontium, the other is quantitative aspect such as alveolar bone loss. According to many authors, PDL is responsible for biting force, and there are two mean. for measuring PDL's function - mobility test and biting force test. This study was conducted to compare the biting force with remaining bone level, that is, quantitative aspect of periodontium, in anterior and premolar teeth at periodontal maintenance phase. 17 patients on periodontal maintenance phase during 6 months at minimum were selected for this study. For the same condition, 4 anterior, canine, premolar teeth were tested by MPM-3000 bite-force register at the same time(a.m.l0-12), the same position, the same posture, by the same examiner. Patients of TMI), ill-fitting pros thesis, general disease, malocclusion and the teeth of TFO, absence of opposing teeth, malposition were excluded. Remaining bone level was measured on the panorama X-ray film through 5 level from 1mm below CEJ to root apex. Teeth were examined twice, and bigger one was selected. If the values showed large difference. examinatin was re-done and the mean was selected. The results were as follows ; 1. In the 4 anterior group, as the remaining bone is decreased, the average of maximal biting force is decreased. Especially, at 3/5 bone level, maximal biting force is decreased significantly(p<0.01). 2. In the canine group, as the remaining bone is decreased, the average of maximal biting force is decreased. Especially, at 2/5 bone level, maximal biting force is decreased significantly(p<0.01). 3. In the premolar group, as the remaining bone is decreased, the average of maximal biting force is decreased. Especially, at 3/5 bone level, maximal biting force is decreased significantly(p<0.05). From the results of this study, clinicians could utilize these efficiently when they have to determine the proper restorative materials, time for tooth extraction, treatment plan, prognosis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.433-443
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• 2020

Objective : Osteoporosis is a disease of unbalanced bone metabolism that results in low bone mineral density with increased bone fragility and propensity for fractures. The increased rate of bone fracture due to osteoporosis places a significant burden on public health care expenditures. Therefore, numerous studies have been designed and performed to identify the drugs or health foods that can improve the bone quality or quantity. This study was designed to evaluate and analyze the therapeutic effects of rutin on histomorphometric values of the spine and femur in an osteoporotic mouse model induced by bilateral ovariectomy. Methods : Thirty female ICR mice (8 weeks old) underwent either a sham operation (only abdominal incision, sham group, n=10) or bilateral ovariectomy (n=20). The ovariectomized (OVX) animals were randomly divided into two groups : untreated OVX group (OVX-C, n=10), or rutin-administered group (OVX-R, n=10). The OVX-C group received weight-adjusted doses of saline vehicle and the OVX-R group received 50 mg/kg of rutin intraperitoneally, starting 1 day after surgery. At 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, serum estrogen, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the telopeptide fragment of type I collagen C-terminus (CTX-1) were analyzed. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were also analyzed. Bone histomorphometric parameters of the 4th lumbar vertebra and femur were determined by micro-computed tomography. Results : In OVX-C group, ALP, osteocalcin, CTX-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were significantly increased at 4 and 8 weeks compared to sham operation group. Rutin administration after OVX statistically significantly reduced ALP, CTX-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels at 4 and 8 weeks. Rutin administration also improves bone histomorphometric parameters including trabecular bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number. Trabecular separation was also decreased in OVX-R group compared to OVX-C group. Conclusion : The present study demonstrated that rutin has therapeutic effects on improving bone histomorphometric values in an OVX mouse model. The improvement in histomorphometric values may be associated with the reduction of osteoclastic activity via inhibition of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. In future studies, the mechanism for the effect of rutin on osteoporosis should be demonstrated more clearly to use rutin in human osteoporosis.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.5-10
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• 2008

Thanks to recent development of science and technology, economic standard has been improved and life expectation has been gradually increased. Accordingly, disease aspect and demand for health have been changed in the concept from conventional center of disease to health improvement As the health issue in middle and senior age has also been vital in the national health, osteoporosis, one of the physical maladies occuring in these age group, is on the rise as a matter of important concern so that the researches on the osteoporosis have being accomplished actively in several medical domains. Research has been earned out for 735 examined objects, who have received medical examination of bone mineral density in the volunteer medical service of Daegu and Kyungbuk province for recent 4 years. The result indicated that serious osteoporosis prevailed over osteoporosis for male while osteopenia was majority to osteoporosis and that abnormal bone mineral density was more prominent than normal bone mineral density for both male and female. This study is to present basic data which is indispensible to preparation of senior citizen dominated society afterward, investigating the prevalence rate of osteoporosis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.395-405
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of smoking on the clinical, radiographic outcome of surgical peridontal therapy. The outcome of periodontal surgery was evaluated in 51 systemically healthy subjects that had received maintenance care. The study subject consisted of 26 smokers and 25 non-smokers. The average age of smoking patients was 51 years old and non-smoking patients was 48 years old. Changes of probing pocket depth(PPD) and radiographic bone height, and number of missing teeth compared between smokers and non-smokers during maintenance period after surgical therapy. The clinical parameters were less favorable in the smoking group compared with non-smoking group. The number and percentage of missing teeth were greater in smokers(21.6%) than non-smokers(l2.4%), especially in molars. The mean presurgery PPD was similar in smokers and non-smokers, molars and premolars, but significantly decreased at least 2 years after surgery. The mean PPD reduction was significantly greater in non-smokers than smokers. Both in the smoking and non-smoking group, the mean PPD reduction was significantly greater in premolars than molars. The radiographical evaluation was also less favorable in the smoking group than non-smoking group. The radiographic evaluation of bone height in smokers showed bone loss. On the contrary, bone height of non-smokers showed bone gain during the period of maintenance. But there was no significant difference between molars and premolars. The clinical and radiographic outcomes of the smoking group was less favorable than those of the non-smoking group. Therefore , smoking seems to influence on the clinical and radiographic outcomes of surgical periodontal therapy.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2010

Purpose: The present study was performed to clarify the relationship between periodontal disease severity and selected immunological parameters consisting of serum IgG titer against periodontopathogenic bacteria, the expression of the helper T-cell cytokine by gingival mononuclear cells, and patients' immunoreactivity to cross-reactive heat shock protein (HSP) epitope peptide from P. gingivalis HSP60. Methods: Twenty-five patients with moderate periodontitis had their gingival connective tissue harvested of gingival mononuclear cells during an open flap debridement procedure and peripheral blood was drawn by venipuncture to collect serum. The mean level of interproximal alveolar bone was calculated to be used as an index for periodontal disease severity for a given patient. Each of selected immunologic parameters was subject to statistical management to seek their correlations with the severity of periodontal disease. Results: A significant correlation could not be identified between serum IgG titers against specific bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Streptococcus mutans) and the severity of periodontal disease. Expression of interleukin (IL)-10 by gingival mononuclear cells was statistically significant in the group of patients who had higher levels of alveolar bone height. However, a similar correlation could not be demonstrated in cases for IL-4 or interferon-$\gamma$. Patients' serum reactivity to cross-reactive epitope peptide showed a significant correlation with the amount of alveolar bone. Conclusions: It was concluded that expression of IL-10 by gingival mononuclear cells and patients' sero-reactivity to the cross-reactive HSP peptide of P. gingivalis HSP60 were significantly correlated with alveolar bone height.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.85-90
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• 2012

Periodontal disease induces an increased incidence of tooth loss, particularly in cases with an associated loss of alveolar bone and periodontal ligaments. In this study, alveolar bone loss was detected by micro-computed tomography (CT) following exposure to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model. A 10 mg/ml dosage of E. coli LPS was applied between the first, second and third molars of the mice three times a week for 10 weeks. The loss of periodontal ligaments and alveolar processes was then evaluated by micro-CT using two and three dimensional microstructure morphometric parameters. In the diabetic mice, E. coli LPS induced the destruction of periodontal ligaments and loss of alveolar process spaces. The distances between periodontal ligaments were significantly widened in the STZ-LPS group compared with the untreated STZ group. The 10 mg/ml exposure to E. coli LPS in the STZ mice also resulted in a significant decrease in the alveolar bone volume fraction. The results of our study suggest that alveolar bone loss can be readily detected by volumetric micro-CT analysis as an increase in the distance between periodontal ligaments and in the alveolar process length.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 2018

Objectives: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease with the destruction of periodontal ligament, alveolar bone loss and inflammation of gingva, leading to teeth loss. Eclipta prostrata L. (Ecliptae Herba) has been used to treat the inflammatory disease as a Korean traditional medicine. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of E. prostrata L. on periodontitis. Methods: E. prostrata L. was extracted with water and lyophilized. The aqueous extract of E. prostrata L. (EP) was topically applied to the periodontal lesion for 2 weeks. To induce the periodontitis, a 3-0 nylon ligature was placed around the cervix of the lower first molar in rat. Rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 7); NL group (non-ligatured and non-treated), L group (ligatured and vehicle-treated) and EP group (ligatured and EP-treated). After sacrifice, the mandibles was dissected and stained with methylene blue solution to analyze the alveolar bone loss. The expression of MMP-9 was determined in gingival tissues. To confirm the effect of EP on recovery of gingiva, mRNA expressions of type I pro-collagen and MMP-9 levels were investigated in LPS-treated HS68 fibroblast cells. In addition, inflammatory mediators were evaluated in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Results: Alveolar bone loss was significantly inhibited by EP treatment. The mRNA expression of MMP-9 was attenuated in rats treated with EP. In addition, treatment with EP increased the expression of type I pro-collagen, while the expression of MMP-9 was decreased in LPS-stimulated HS68 fibroblast cells. Furthermore, EP down-regulated the LPS-induced IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, COX-2 and iNOS production in RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that EP have ameliorative effects on periodontitis through inhibiting alveolar bone loss and modulating the inflammatory mediators. Therefore, E. prostrata L. may be an alternative on patients with periodontitis.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.233-241
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• 2021

Purpose: The medical community has been heavily impacted by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The management of facial trauma patients has been affected by the patient capacity of emergency rooms. In this study, we share our experiences of facial trauma management during the social lockdown period and investigate the epidemiological changes in facial bone fractures. Methods: A total of 997 patients who presented to Ajou University Hospital Emergency Center and were evaluated by plastic or maxillofacial surgeons for facial trauma were included in this retrospective study. Our study design was a comparative study of two groups: the 2019 group (control) and the 2020 group (the experimental group that experienced social lockdown). Results: The total number of emergency room inpatients reflected the national pandemic trends with three peaks in patient numbers. According to these trends, facial bone fractures had two different low points in August 2020 and December 2020. A comparison of the 2019 and 2020 facial bone fractures did not show a statistically significant difference in the total number of patients. An analysis of the causes of trauma showed that domestic accidents increased in 2020 (30.92%; p<0.001). Among the anatomical sites of facial injury in surgical patients, the frontozygomatic complex fracture increased the most in 2020 (p=0.018). Facial injuries with two separate sites of injury or with three or more involved sites also showed a significant increase in 2020 (p<0.001). Conclusions: We demonstrated that the incidence of facial trauma patients correlated with the incidence of patients presenting to the emergency department and that facial trauma is inextricably related to multi-trauma cases. Domestic accidents and facial trauma with multiple anatomically involved sites are increasing trends that need more attention.