• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 1995

Metastatic cancer is the most common tumor of the skeleton. The prevalence of pathologic fracture may increase as patient survival is prolonged by improved cancer therapy. With recent advances in orthopaedic procedure and medical management of terminal cancer patients, it is generally agreed that aggressive treatment should be undertaken for patient with pathologic fracture secondary to metastatic disease, and a team approach should be utilized. The authors have reviewed twenty cases of pathologic fracture of the long bone due to metastatic tumor treated in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, from April 1989 to April 1994 and the following results were obtained. 1. The mean age at surgery was 58.4 years (ranged from 24years to 86years) and among 20 cases, 10 cases were male and the others were female. 2. The most frequent site of pathologic fracture in long bone is femur(15 cases, 75%), and followed by humerus(4 cases, 20%), tibia(1 case). 3. The frequently encountered primary tumors that metastases to long bone are those of the lung(7 cases, 35%), breast(4 cases, 20%), and prostate(2 cases, 10%). 4. The operative procedure was performed by resection of the tumor mass extensively, and we used polymethylmetacrylate for filling the dead space after resection, in all cases. 5. The mean survival period after operation is 9.2 months(ranged from 1 month to 4 years and 9 month). 6. The results of postoperative pain relief status were graded as fair to excellent in 17 cases(85%).

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2004

A giant cell tumor (GCT) of the distal radius is not common. Curettage with bone cementation is considered as a treatment of choice but, in the case of recurrence, marked cortical disruption, or articular invasion, en bloc excision and reconstruction with proximal fibular bone graft is usual procedure. In reconstruction of en bloc resected distal radius which had recurred GCT after conservative operation, we used the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) liner with intramedullary rod and bone cement, because the contamination was extent in previous operation and recurrence after fibular bone graft was fearful. This article introduce our new surgical procedure.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5253-5257
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• 2014

Formaldehyde (FA) is an economically important chemical, and has been found to cause various types of toxic damage to the body. Formaldehyde-induced toxic damage involves reactive oxygen species (ROS) that trigger subsequent toxic effects and inflammatory responses, which may increase risk of cancer. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the possible toxic mechanism in bone marrow caused by formaldehyde. In accordance with the principle of randomization, the mice were divided into four groups of 6 mice per group. One group was exposed to ambient air and the other three groups were exposed to different concentrations of formaldehyde (20, 40, $80mg/m^3$) for 15 days in the respective inhalation chambers, 2h a day. At the end of the 15-day experimental period, all mice were killed. Bone marrow cells were obtained. Some of those were used for the determination of blood cell numbers, bone marrow karyote numbers, CFU-F, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content; others were used for the determination of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell cycle and Bcl-2, Bax, CytC protein expression. WBC and PLT numbers in median and high dose groups were obvious reduced, but there was no change on RBC numbers. There was also reduced numbers of bone marrow karyotes and CFU-F in the high dose group. SOD activity was decreased, but MDA content was increased. MMP and Bcl-2 expression were decreased with increasing formaldehyde concentration, while expression of Bax and Cyt C was increased. We also observed change in cell cycling, and found that there was S phase arrest in the high dose group. Our study suggested that a certain concentration of formaldehyde could have toxic effects on the hematopoietic system, with oxidative stress as a critical effect.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 1992

The author experienced of four patients with intractable pain who were treated by continuous intraventricular infusion of morphine through an implanted port system. One suffered from tongue cancer and the others from bone metastasis or distant metatasis of abdominal cancer which were ineffectively to managed through an epidural route. Our experience is that this is a safe and effective method of pain management in patients with head and neck cancer. It is useful as well in patients who have intractable pain that cannot be managed through an intrathecal or epidural route.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.408-420
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• 2020

Purpose: Isoform 2 of tight junction protein claudin-18 (CLDN18.2) is a potential target for gastric cancer treatment. A treatment targeting CLDN18.2 has shown promising results in gastric cancer. We investigated the clinical significance of CLDN18.2 and other cell-adherens junction molecules (Rho GTPase-activating protein [RhoGAP] and E-cadherin) in metastatic diffuse-type gastric cancer (mDGC). Materials and Methods: We evaluated CLDN18.2, RhoGAP, and E-cadherin expression using two-plex immunofluorescence and quantitative data analysis of H-scores of 77 consecutive mDGC patients who received first-line platinum-based chemotherapy between March 2015 and February 2017. Results: CLDN18.2 and E-cadherin expression was significantly lower in patients with peritoneal metastasis (PM) than those without PM at the time of diagnosis (P=0.010 and 0.013, respectively), whereas it was significantly higher in patients who never developed PM from diagnosis to death than in those who did (P=0.001 and 0.003, respectively). Meanwhile, CLDN18.2 and E-cadherin expression levels were significantly higher in patients with bone metastasis than in those without bone metastasis (P=0.010 and 0.001, respectively). Moreover, we identified a positive correlation between the expression of CLDN18.2 and E-cadherin (P<0.001), RhoGAP and CLDN18.2 (P=0.004), and RhoGAP and E-cadherin (P=0.001). Conversely, CLDN18.2, RhoGAP, and E-cadherin expression was not associated with chemotherapy response and survival. Conclusions: CLDN18.2 expression was reduced in patients with PM but significantly intact in those with bone metastasis. Furthermore, CLDN18.2 expression was positively correlated with other adherens junction molecules, which is clinically associated with mDGC and PM pathogenesis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.579-588
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• 2023

Sarcomas are rare and heterogeneous mesenchymal neoplasms originating from the bone or soft tissues, which pose significant treatment challenges. The current standard treatment for sarcomas consists of surgical resection, often combined with chemo- and radiotherapy; however, local recurrence and metastasis remain significant concerns. Although immunotherapy has demonstrated promise in improving long-term survival rates for certain cancers, sarcomas are generally considered to be relatively less immunogenic than other tumors, presenting substantial challenges for effective immunotherapy. In this review, we examine the possible opportunities for sarcoma immunotherapy, noting cancer testis antigens expressed in sarcomas. We then cover the current status of immunotherapies in sarcomas, including progress in cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and adoptive cellular therapy and their potential in combating these tumors. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of immunotherapies in sarcomas, including a low tumor mutation burden and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and explore potential strategies to tackle the immunosuppressive barriers in therapeutic interventions, shedding light on the development of effective and personalized treatments for sarcomas. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status and potential of immunotherapies in sarcoma treatment, highlighting the challenges and opportunities for developing effective therapies to improve the outcomes of patients with these rare malignancies.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.98-103
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• 1993

The present study was purposed to evaluate the incidence and the characteristics of metastatic "cold" lesions in $^{99m}Tc$-MDP bone scans of adult patients with solid malignancies. There were 29 cold lesions in 24 patients. The incidence of cold lesions was about 1% of total cases of bone scans for the patients with malignancy, or 2.5% of cases with bone metastases. Th primary sites of malignancies were lung (four cases), uterine cervix (three cases), kidney, nasopharynx, thyroid, urinary bladder, prostate, lymphoma (two cases each other), liver, breast and others (one case each other). But the relative incidence of cold lesion in lung cancer and breast cancer was low. The most frequent site of cold lesion was spine, and pelvis, skull and rib were followed. The incidence of cold lesion was related to the regional incidence of bone metastases. The size of the cold lesions was greater than that of the hot. There were six cases of single cold lesion without any other abnormalities and two cases of cold lesion which were initially hot. So it should be considered that bone metastases might be presented as cold lesions in bone scan.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5043-5047
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• 2013

Background: This is a part of a larger effort to characterize the effects on socio-economic factors (SEFs) on cancer outcome. Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) bone and joint sarcoma (BJS) data were used to identify potential disparities in cause specific survival (CSS). Materials and Methods: This study analyzed SEFs in conjunction with biologic and treatment factors. Absolute BJS specific risks were calculated and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were computed for predictors. Actuarial survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier method. Kolmogorov-Smirnov's 2-sample test was used to for comparing two survival curves. Cox proportional hazard model was used for multivariate analysis. Results: There were 13501 patients diagnosed BJS from 1973 to 2009. The mean follow up time (SD) was 75.6 (90.1) months. Staging was the highest predictive factor of outcome (ROC area of 0.68). SEER stage, histology, primary site and sex were highly significant pre-treatment predictors of CSS. Under multivariate analysis, patients living in low income neighborhoods and rural areas had a 2% and 5% disadvantage in cause specific survival respectively. Conclusions: This study has found 2-5% decrement of CSS of BJS due to SEFs. These data may be used to generate testable hypothesis for future clinical trials to eliminate BJS outcome disparities.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.571-578
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• 2015

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. In this study, we investigated immune responses of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against TRAMP-C2 prostate cancer cells after activation by dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with TRAMP-C2 freeze-thaw antigen and/or PEP-3 peptide in vitro. Bone marrow-derived DC from the bone marrow of the C57BL/6 were induced to mature by using the cytokine of rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4, and loaded with either the freeze-thaw antigen or PEP-3 peptide or both of them. Maturation of DCs was detected by flow cytometry. The killing efficiency of the CTLs on TRAMP-C2 cells were detected by flow cytometry, CCK8, colony formation, transwell migration, and wound-healing assay. The levels of the IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\beta}$ and IL-12 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with the unloaded DCs, the loaded DCs had significantly increased expression of several phenotypes related to DC maturation. CTLs activated by DCs loaded with freeze-thaw antigen and PEP-3 peptide had more evident cytotoxicity against TRAMP-C2 cells in vitro. The secretion levels of IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\beta}$ and IL-12, secreted by DCs loaded with antigen and PEP-3 and interaction with T cells, were higher than in the other groups. Our results suggest that the CTLs activated by DCs loaded with TRAMP-C2 freeze-thaw antigen and PEP-3 peptide exert a remarkable killing efficiency against TRAMP-C2 cells in vitro.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.136-142
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• 2004

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH) is the malignant part of mesenchymal cell-originated tumor, which is supposed that the tumor is presented various histologic features consisted of fibrosarcomatic and histiocytic portions. When the tumor is arisen in the head and neck region, the most affected sites are the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, and secondly the maxillary alveolar bone is occasionally influenced. Therefore, MFH can readily involve the adjacent alveolar bone. The treatment of MFH in the head and neck is various, that is, the involved sites and the differentiation of tumor must be considered when the tumor is treated. The treatment protocols are subjected to general ones of soft tissue sarcoma, and simple or combination therapy is used in the surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. So, we report a clinical case of chemotherapy involving intraarterial chemotherapy, and surgery of malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH) in the maxilla, with review of the literature.