• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to determine the effects of calcium intake on bone mineral density (BMD) in pre and post menopause women and to provide basic data for enhancing bone health of middle aged women. Methods: A total of 700 middle-aged women living in Seoul and Geonggi Province were interviewed during the period from June 2003 through January 2004 to investigate their social. demographic and physiological characteristics, health and daily activity performance, and their dietary patterns, and bone mineral density was measured. The survey of dietary intake was 24 hour recalls, and the individual calcium intake was calculated using food frequency. Data of 618 subjects was used for the analysis. Of the calcium intake levels, BMD values of the subjects of 20% of high level. 60% of middle level and 20% of low level were analyzed and compared. Results: The level of calcium intake according to general characteristics of the subjects was significantly related to age (p=0.001), education levels (p=.003) and marital status (p=.001). The BMD of the lumbar vertebrae and femur of the subjects taking a high level of calcium showed significantly higher than that of the subjects taking a middle level and low level of calcium. Femoral T-score was also significantly higher in subjects taking a high level of calcium than that of those taking a middle level and lower levels of calcium. Lumber spine T-score was higher in the high level group than that of the middle level group. Conclusion: The study revealed that women taking a high level of calcium had better bone health. Therefore. calcium intake is extremely important in daily dietary intake so that the intake of calcium-rich foods is highly recommended.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 2000

As a part of investigation for utilizing of canned tuna processing by-products as a food resource, we examined the processing conditions and characteristics (extraction methods and ashing condition) of a calcium powder from skipjack tuna bone. Among ashing, autoclaving, and shaking methods for extraction of calcium powder from skipjack tuna bone, ashing method was superior to other methods on the aspect of fish odor, white index, and calcium recovery of calcium powder. Based on the results of white index and soluble calcium ratio, the optimal ashing temperature and time for preparation of a calcium powder from skipjack tuna bone was at $900{\circ}C for 15 min$. Cohesive ratio of calcium powder by shaking at pH 7.0 was increased up to 16 hrs, but after that almost unchanged. Cohesive ratio of calcium powder by shaking for 24 hrs was increased at neutral and alkaline conditions (pH 6-8 and pH 9-11), but almost unchanged at acidic conditions (pH 2-5). For the effective utilization of the calcium powder from skipjack tuna bone, a suitable treatment is needed for improvement of calcium solubility at neutral condition.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.53-65
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• 2006

Calcium concentration in the bone resorption lacunae is high and is in the mM concentration range. Both osteoblast and osteoclast have calcium sensing receptor in the cell surface, suggesting the regulatory role of high extracellular calcium in bone metabolism. In vitro, high extracellular calcium stimulated osteoclastogenesis in coculture of mouse osteoblasts and bone marrow cells. Therefore we examined the genes that were commonly regulated by both high extracellular calcium and $1,25(OH)_2vitaminD_3(VD3)$ by using mouse oligo 11 K gene chip. In the presence of 10 mM $[Ca^{2+}]e$ or 10 nM VD3, mouse calvarial osteoblasts and bone marrow cells were co-cultured for 4 days when tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells start to appear. Of 11,000 genes examined, the genes commonly regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3 were as follows; 1) the expression of genes which were osteoclast differentiation markers or were associated with osteoclastogenesis were up-regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3; trap, mmp9, car2, ctsk, ckb, atp6b2, tm7sf4, rab7, 2) several chemokine and chemokine receptor genes such as sdf1, scya2, scyb5, scya6, scya8, scya9, and ccr1 were up-regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3, 3) the genes such as mmp1b, mmp3 and c3 which possibly stimulate bone resorption by osteoclast, were commonly up-regulated, 4) the gene such as c1q and msr2 which were related with macrophage function, were commonly down-regulated, 5) the genes which possibly stimulate osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly down-regulated; slc8a1, admr, plod2, lox, fosb, 6) the genes which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly up-regulated; s100a4, npr3, mme, 7) the genes such as calponin 1 and tgfbi which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were up-regulated by high extracellular calcium but were down-regulated by VD3. These results suggest that in coculture condition, both high extracellular calcium and VD3 commonly induce osteoclastogenesis but suppress osteoblast differentiation/mineralization by regulating the expression of related genes.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.153-171
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of modified calcium sulfate paste on periodontal regeneration. l-wall intrabony defect(mesio-distal width: 4mm, depth: 4mm) was surgically created on the distal side of P2 and mesial side of p4 in four dogs. The control group(GFS) was treated with conventional flap operation alone, and the experimental group(CS) was treated with conventional flap operation with modified calcium sulfate paste application. Both control and experimental groups were sacrificed after 8weeks of healing period, The results of histological and histometric observations were as follows. 1. The length of the junctional epithelium was 0.41${\pm}$0.01mm in the control groups, 0.47${\pm}$0.01mm in the experimental group. 2. The connective tissue attachment was 0.28${\pm}$0.02mm(6.15${\pm}$0.28%) in the control group, 0.18${\pm}$0.01mm(3.41${\pm}$0.14%) in the experimental group. The control group showed more connective tissue attachment. 3. The new cementum formation was 3.80${\pm}$0.06mm(84.80${\pm}$0.33%) in the control group, 4.49${\pm}$0.06mm(87.57${\pm}$0.15%) in the experimental group. Both groups showed a lot of new cementum formation. 4. The new bone formation was 1.43${\pm}$0.03mm(32.37%) in the control group, 2.04${\pm}$O.09mm(40.94%) in the experimental group. 5. The inflamatory cells were observed partially around resorbed calcium sulfate in the connective tissue of the experimental group. 6. Partially resorbed calcium sulfate were found within the connective tissue, around alveolar bone, and in the newly formed alveolar bone, On the basis of these results, newly formed calcium sulfate paste enhanced new bone formation and new cementum formation. The resorption rate of calcium sulfate seems to be controlled by the add-in compounds. Thus research about biocompatibility and adequate resorptionrate is required to develop a improved material.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 1998

This study was conducted to determine the interaction of dietary wheat bran and dietary calcium levels n)n calcium utilization in post-breeding female rats. It was designed to compare the effects of four different levels (2.5, 5, 10 and 20%) of wheat bran and two different levels (0.5 and 1%) of calcium on bone and calcium balance in post-breeding female rats over a ten-week period. The effects of diet on animal weight gain, serum calcium, femur weight, femur calcium concentration, bone mass and calcium balance were determined and statistically analyzed. The addition of 20% wheat bran significantly (p$\leq$0.05) decreased the weight gain of rats. Serum calcium and bone calcium contents were more affected by dietary calcium level than by dietary wheat bran level. There was no significant difference in fat-free solid, ash, percentage of ash to fat-free solid and percentage of calcium to ash among groups. Groups fed the 1% calcium diet had a higher percentage of calcium to fat-free solid. All rats were in positive calcium balance during the three-4ay experimental period. The average calcium balance of the rats fed 1% calcium diet ranged from 25.34 to 53.90mg and the average calcium balance of the rats fed the 0.5% calcium diet ranged from 26.71 to 32.90mg. In rats receiving 2.5% wheat bran, the difference in calcium balance between the group fed the 1% calcium diet and the group fed the 0.5% calcium diet was only 1.37mg, which was not significantly (p$\leq$0.05) different. In rats receiving 20% wheat bran, the difference in calcium balance between the group fed the 1% calcium diet and the group fed the 0.5% calcium diet was 19.S7mg, which was significantly (p$\leq$0.05) different. The addition of wheat bran caused an increase in the calcium balance of the rats adminslesed the 1% calcium diet. On the other hand, the addition of wheat bran had no effect on the calcium balance of the rats adminislesed the 0.5% calcium diet. In conclusion, calcium utilization of rats wire more positively affected by the interaction of both dietary wheat bran levels and dietary calcium levels than either dietary wheat bran levels or dietary calcium levels alone. Moderate wheat bran consumption did not interfere with the calcium metabolism of rats when calcium intake was high enough.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.107-126
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was peformed to evaluate the effect of Kamijoaguiem(JGE) on the bone mass and its related factors. Methods : We used ovariectomized rat as an estrogen-deficient animal model. The model rats of osteoporosis showed a significant decrease in bone density, bone ash density, calcium content of femur bone. At the 7th day after operating ovariectomy, rats were administered with JGE per orally, and continued for 10 weeks. And osteoporosis related parameters were determined to investigate the effect of JGE. Results : Bone density, bone ash density, bone calcium, magnesium and phosphorus was decreased in osteoporotic rats. JGE improved the decreased bone density, bone ash density and the decreased bone magnesium, but JGE didn't improve the decreased bone calcium and phosphorus in osteoporotic rats. Osteocalcin in serum and hydroxy-proline excretion in urine were increased in osteoporotic rats. Their levels were decreased when JGE was administered. ALP activity in serum was increased in osteoporotic rats. JGE didn't induce any significant changes. JGE showed significant increase in serum calcium level, total protein level, albumin level, BUN level, serum LDH activity. JGE didn't show significant increase in serum T-cholesterol density, triglyceride density, HDL-cholesterol density. JGE didn't show significant increase in RBC number, hemoglobin level, platelet number, hematocrit level. JGE showed inhibitory effect on the degradation of bone-matrix in osteoporotic rats, in histological examination to Hematoxylin-eosin stain. Conclusion : JGE might improve bone density due to inhibition of bone resolution in osteoporotic rats. It suggest that JGE may be useful prescription in osteoporosis.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.167-171
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• 2013

PURPOSE. The purpose of this case series was to evaluate the effect of guided bone regeneration using demineralized allogenic bone matrix with calcium sulfate. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Guided bone regeneration using Demineralized Allogenic Bone Matrix with Calcium Sulfate ($AlloMatrix^{TM}$, Wright. USA) was performed at the time of implant placement from February 2010 to April 2010. At the time of the second surgery, clinical evaluation of bone healing and histologic evaluation were performed. The study included 10 patients, and 23 implants were placed. The extent of bony defects around implants was determined by measuring the horizontal and vertical bone defects using a periodontal probe from the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual sides and calculating the mean and standard deviation of these measurements. Wedge-shaped tissue samples were obtained from 3 patients and histologic examination was performed. RESULTS. In clinical evaluation, it was observed that horizontal bone defects were completely healed with new bones, and in the vertical bone defect area, 15.1% of the original defect area remained. In 3 patients, histological tests were performed, and 16.7-41.7% new bone formation was confirmed. Bone graft materials slowly underwent resorption over time. CONCLUSION. $AlloMatrix^{TM}$ is an allograft material that can be readily manipulated. It does not require the use of barrier membranes, and good bone regeneration can be achieved with time.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• v.68
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• pp.220-228
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• 2018

In this study, we found a simple surface biofunctionalization of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) based on the high affinity between alendronate and the calcium ions of BCP, and the strong interaction between heparin and bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2). The biofunctionalized BCP did not be precipitated well and display a remarkable enhancement of osteogenic activity of human adipose-derived stem cells by showing increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium deposition and osteogenic-related genes (i.e., Runx-2, ALP, osteocalcin, and osteopontin), and bone regeneration in the calvarial defect model. Therefore, this simple surface technique can be used to easily functionalize various calcium phosphates.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2000

The phosphatic calcium compounds such as calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone ash, hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate were prepared using the high purity calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate obtained from shell resources. Calcium hydrogen phosphate had been prepared using the high purity calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid solution. Using the calcium hydrogen phosphate as a starting materials, bone ash have been prepared by solid state reaction method and hydroxyapatite could be obtained by hydrothermal treatment method, respectively. The tricalcium phosphate was prepared by the solid state reaction of a stoichiometic mixture of bone ash and high purity calcium carbonate. In this paper, the optimal preparation process and conditions of phosphatic calcium compounds were established.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 1996

This study was conducted to compare the dietary factors which influence on the bone status of 28 women in urban and 30 women in rural area. Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline(Hpr) and Calcium(Ca) were measured as biological markers of bone resorption. Mean daily intake levels of total protein, animal protein, total calcium, calcium, calcium from milk and milk products, animal calcium, Ca / P ratio by 24 hr recall method were significantly higher in urban women. However, mean daily sodium(Na) intake levels were not significantly different between two groups. Ca Index score and Na Index score by food frequency methods were also significantly higher in urban than in rural subjects. While urinary Ca excretion elves of two groups were similar, Na excretion levels were significantly higher in rural women. Mean urniary levels of Ca / creatinine(cr) and Hpr / cr as bone status index were within normal range and not significantly different between two groups. However, prevalence of poor bone status as assessed by hydroxyproline was higher in rural women. Na Index, urinary Ca excretion and Ca / cr ratio were significantly correlated with bone status(Hpr / cr) in urban women, while only age was related to bone status in rural women. These demonstrated that high Na intake results in increased urinary excretion of Na and Ca and could cause bone resorption. Multiple regression analysis indicated that Na Index score and age have greater effect than other variables in urban women and only age has greater effect in rural women.