• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.477-497
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• 2013

This paper reports extensive experimental study done to compare workability and bond strength of five different types of polymer-based bonding agents for reinforcing bars in pinning retrofit. In pinning retrofit, steel pins of 6 to 10 mm diameters are inserted into holes drilled diagonally from mortar joints. This technique is superior to other techniques especially in retrofitting historic masonry constructions because it does not change the appearance of constructions. With an ordinary cement paste as bonding agent, it is very difficult to insert reinforcing bars at larger open times due to poor workability and very thin clearance available. Here, open time represents the time interval between the injection of bonding agent and the insertion of reinforcing bars. Use of polymer-cement paste (PCP), as bonding agent, is proposed in this study, with investigation on workability and bond strengths of various PCPs in brick masonry, at open times up to 10 minutes, which is unavoidable in practice. Corresponding nonlinear finite element models are developed to simulate the experimental observations. From the experimental and analytical study, the Styrene-Butadiene Rubber polymer-cement paste (SBR-PCP) with prior pretreatments of drilled holes showed strong bond with minimum strength variation at larger open times.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.329-340
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• 2016

Increase in demotion and repair works on buildings in the construction market generates a large amount of construction waste. Recycling of construction waste is important for saving of resources, preservation of environment and constant advance of the construction industry. Accordingly, the environmental and economic value of recycled aggregate, which is produced after waste concrete is crushed, is increasingly highlighted. It is generally known that compared to concrete made of ordinary aggregate, concrete made of recycled aggregate has low quality, and the low quality is dependent on the amount of the bonding heterogeneous (cement paste and mortar) as well as the amount of the pores within the bonding heterogeneous. Reports on carbonation mechanism shows that the pores of cement-based materials are filled up by the progress of carbonation. Therefore, this study aims at an estimation of the period for optimum carbonation reforming appropriate for the thickness of the bonding heterogeneous of recycled aggregate, based on carbonation mechanism, with a view to improving the product quality by means of filling up the pores of the bonding heterogeneous of recycled aggregate. This study drew the carbonation depth according to the passage of age by calculating the bonding ratio and bonding thickness of the bonding heterogeneous as against the particle size distribution of recycled aggregate as well as by chemical quantitative analysis according to the age of accelerated carbonation of mock-up samples imitating bonding heterogeneous. Based on the correlation between the age of accelerated carbonation and carbonation depth, this study also proposed the estimated period of carbonation reforming of recycled aggregate appropriate for the thickness of the bonding heterogeneous.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.44-50
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• 2016

A study to apply phase change material(PCM) to rapid hardening cement paste forming semi-rigid pavement was carried out. The characteristics fresh and hardened paste were evaluated through the experiment for a total of 6 mixtures according to the cement type and the substitution of phase change material for acrylate. The fluidity by substituting phase change material for acrylate satisfied the target flow time of 10 to 13 seconds. In case of setting time, it was possible to secure the performance of rapid hardening cement by substituting phase change material, and if the substitution ratio over 60%, the initial set occurred 1 to 2 minutes faster than other mixtures. In case of compressive strength and bond strength, it showed similar strength characteristics with the plain mixture, and it satisfied both the target compressive and bonding strength of 36MPa and 2MPa. The mixture substituting phase change material showed higher resistance to chloride ion penetration than the mixture only using acrylate and the OPC level was insufficient. From the results of physical and mechanical performances of semi-rigid pavement cement paste, the phase change material substitution rate of 20% was effective in the range of this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.73.2-79
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data on the optimum method for interfacial separation for an effective recycle of concrete waste by using the thermal properties of concrete. Therefore, this study is proceeded by dividing the interface of concrete into cement paste and fine aggregates or mortar and coarse aggregate, considering the aspect of recycled cement and aggregate as the recycling use of concrete waste. As results of the experiment, in case of recycle cement, the interfacial separation is easily appeared, but it is shown that the mixed amount of powder included in fine aggregate doesn't greatly decrease. But, in case of recycle coarse aggregate, the effect of interfacial separation by preliminary heating is predominant. Especially, the bonding rate of mortar is the lowest when it is heated 5 times for 120 minutes at $300^{\circ}C$. Hence, it is considered that it will be an excellent effect of quality control when the results of this study is applied to a manufacturing system of recycle coarse aggregate which is about to put into practical use.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.341-348
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• 2016

At present, about 40 million tons of concrete is dismantled each year, which accounts for the largest portion of the total amount of construction waste with 60.8%. It is known about 97.5% of it is recycled. However, most of the usage of waste concrete is limited to lower value-added business areas, and considering the increasing amount of waste concrete generated due to the deterioration of structures, the need for converting waste concrete to structural concrete is urgent. Therefore, this study aims at estimating the period for the optimum carbonation reforming to improve the quality of recycled aggregate, by making use of the method of accelerated carbonation reforming of the bonding heterogeneous (cement paste and mortar) for the purpose of converting recycled aggregate to structural concrete. Based on the period appropriate for the heterogeneous thickness and each bonding thickness of recycled aggregate which was drawn from previous studies, the changes in the characteristics and physical properties of pore structure according to progress of accelerated carbonation were analyzed. The result shows that with the progress of carbonation, the pore volume and the percentage of water absorption of the bonding heterogeneous decreased and the density increased, which indicates improvement of the product quality. But after certain age, the tendency was reversed and the product quality deteriorated. Synthesizing the results of previous studies and those of the present study, this study proposed 4 days and 14 days respectively for the period for the optimum carbonation reforming of recycled fine aggregate and recycled coarse aggregate.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.257-273
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• 2020

Concrete bond strength with steel re-bars depends on multiple factors including concrete-steel interface and mechanical properties of concrete. However, the hydration development of cementitious paste, and in turn the mechanical properties of concrete, are negatively affected by cold weather. This study aimed at exploring the concrete-steel bonding behavior in concrete cast and cured under freezing temperatures. Three concrete mixtures were cast and cured at -10 and -20℃. The mixtures were protected using conventional insulation blankets and a hybrid system consisting of insulation blankets and phase change materials. The mixtures comprised General Use cement, fly ash (20%), nano-silica (6%) and calcium nitrate-nitrite as a cold weather admixture system. The mixtures were tested in terms of internal temperature, compressive, tensile strengths, and modulus of elasticity. In addition, the bond strength between concrete and steel re-bars were evaluated by a pull-out test, while the quality of the interface between concrete and steel was assessed by thermal and microscopy studies. In addition, the internal heat evolution and force-slip relationship were modeled based on energy conservation and stress-strain relationships, respectively using three-dimensional (3D) finite-element software. The results showed the reliability of the proposed models to accurately predict concrete heat evolution as well as bond strength relative to experimental data. The hybrid protection system and nano-modified concrete mixtures produced good quality concrete-steel interface with adequate bond strength, without need for heating operations before casting and during curing under freezing temperatures down to -20℃.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.305-308
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• 2005

The sulfuric acid may react with the hardened cement paste and originate expansive products which can induce swelling and disaggregation of concrete. The purpose of this study is to estimate the antibacterial performance of antibiotics and the effect of absorbed condition of restorative mortar, the number of coating times and coating contents with antibiotic on the fundamental properties of restorative mortar spead with antibiotics. Also, testing items such as bonding strength, abrasion contents, contents of water absorption, contents of air permeability was tested to estimate the fundamental properties in this study. In results, the novellus bacillus inhabiting in sewer concrete structures was restrained by antibiotics developed in this study. And bonding strength of restorative mortar spread with antibiotics was similla to that of plain mortar. But, resistance to abrasion, water absorption and air permeability of restorative mortar spread with antibiotics was superior to that of plain mortar.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.206-212
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• 2001

The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the material properties of concrete surface preparator with inorganic composite, which was modified with plaster and admixture. A series of experiment were conducted to appraise the properties according to KS F 4716. The experimental results were as follows ; When the concrete surface preparator with inorganic composite was used, the hair crack and split, due to early drying shrinkage, was little. So it is superior to concrete surface preparator with cement paste plaster The bonding strength of concrete surface preparator with inorganic composite increased about 60% compared to that of concrete surface preparator with cement paste plaster. The workability of surface flatness and finishing was superior compared to that of existing concrete surface preparator. All specifications on concrete surface preparator were satisfied in the series of this experiments. Therefore, the concrete surface preparator with inorganic composite might be satisfactory applied in field due to its superior material properties.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.461-464
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• 2008

This study investigated mechanical properties of the concrete using standard contents which was existent fibers in korea to apply the method for reducing crack of the non-reinforced concrete for the public space of an apartment with a fiber reinforcement. Results were summarized as following. The slump was slightly declined corresponding to the increase of the surface area and bridge effect of the fibers. For properties of the hardened concrete, the compressive strength was slighty reduced caused by the decrease of bonding strength between fiber and cement paste. The tensile strength was little increased according to bridge effect of the fibers, and the flexible strength and length change due to the drying shrinkage did not showed remarkable tendency.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.3 no.4 s.10
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• pp.117-126
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• 2001

In this research, evaluation of adhesion in tension property of SBR-modified concrete to ordinary portland cement concrete was conducted with uniaxial direct tensile bond test which was proposed by Kuhlmann. A test set-up was fabricated in order to minimize the eccentric force by introducing a joint which might fully rotate. The main experimental variables were cement-latex ratios, surface preparations and moisture levels. The results obtained were as follows: The LMC specimen at 15% latex-cement ratio increased the adhesion in tension by range of 37% compared to that of conventional cement concrete. This might be due to latex film formed between cement paste and aggregate. The effects of surface preparation on bond of latex modified concrete to conventional concrete were significant at the conditions by sand paper and wire brush. A better bond could be achieved by rough surface rather than smooth. The saturated and surface dry (SSD) condition were considered to be the most appropriate moisture level followed by wet, finally by dry. Thus, a proper surface preparation and moisture level are quite necessity in order to obtain better bonding at LMC overlay.