• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2017

Purpose: Physical and chemical properties of gold is most suitable to be restored of teeth to its original state. Recently zirconia was used instead of gold because of esthetical and intimacy of human body. Because of high strength and high abrasion resistance of zirconia, all zirconia artificial tooth lead to wear the original tooth of opposite site. To preserve this original tooth, zirconia artificial tooth covered with dental ceramic glass was used. When joining the zirconia core and dental ceramic glass, difference of their thermal expansion coefficient and wetting ability is generated the residual stress at interface lead to crack. In order to solve this problem, intermediate layer what is called zir-liner was imported to decrease the residual stress and increase the bonding strength. Methods: In this study, to identify the optimum conditions for manufacturing process, various methods to rough the surface of zirconia core were adopted, and vary the thickness of interlayer, and analyzed bond strength. Results: Bond strength of sanding specimens group showed higher than that of non-sanding specimens group, and once applied intermediate layer with sanding specimens showed highest bond strength with 28 MPa. SEM photomicrographs of zirconia cores fired at $1500^{\circ}C$ showed parallel straight lines in sanding and pockmarked surface in blasting surfaces as abrasion traces. Observation of the destruction section after shear test by SEM were carried out. Liner applied non-sanding group and non-liner applied sanding group all showed interfacial crack. Sandblasting group with non-liner showed remained dental ceramic glass on the surface of zirconia. Sandblasting group with once applied liner showed partially remained liner and dental ceramic glass on the surface of zirconia. XRD analysis revealed that sandblasting group showed higher monoclinic peaks than other specimens group and this result was due to the high collision energy for stress induced phase transformation. Conclusions: A study on the improvement of bonding strength between zirconia and dental ceramic glass steadily carried out for the future to practical use.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.91-109
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• 2022

This paper presents a closed-form higher-order analysis of interfacial shear stresses in RC continuous beams strengthened with bonded prestressed laminates. For retrofitting reinforced concrete continuous beams is to bond fiber reinforced prestressed composite plates to their tensile faces. An important failure mode of such plated beams is the debonding of the composite plates from the concrete due to high level of stress concentration in the adhesive at the ends of the composite plate. The model is based on equilibrium and deformations compatibility requirements in and all parts of the strengthened beam, where both the shear and normal stresses are assumed to be invariant across the adhesive layer thickness. In the present theoretical analysis, the adherend shear deformations are taken into account by assuming a parabolic shear stress through the thickness of both the RC continuous beams strengthened with bonded prestressed laminates. The theoretical predictions are compared with other existing solutions. A parametric study has been conducted to investigate the sensitivity of interface behavior to parameters such as laminate stiffness and the thickness of the laminate where all were found to have a marked effect on the magnitude of maximum shear and normal stress in the composite member.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2013

비동결된 지반에서의 말뚝기초 지지력은 주면마찰력과 선단지지력에 의해 지배되는 것과 달리 동토지역에서의 말뚝기초지지력은 일반적으로 주면마찰력에 의해 지배된다. 동토지역에서 말뚝기초와 동결토 사이 접촉면에서 발현하는 주면마찰력은 동착강도로 정의하며, 동착강도는 동토지역 말뚝기초의 설계 지배정수로 알려져 있다. 동토지역에서 말뚝기초의 지지력을 지배하는 설계정수인 동착강도 특성을 분석하기 위하여 지난 50여 년 동안 많은 연구가 수행되었으며, 현재에도 활발히 연구가 수행 중에 있다. 하지만 동착강도의 경우 토사의 물성특성, 말뚝표면의 거칠기 및 외부적인 시험조건에 의하여 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 알려져 있어 현재까지 진행된 많은 연구들은 제한된 영향인자를 고려하여 수행되었다. 본 연구에서는 동결온도 및 수직응력 조건에 따른 동착강도 특성을 분석하기 위하여 대형 냉동챔버 내에서 직접전단시험을 수행하였으며, 시험결과를 바탕으로 기존에 동일한 조건으로 측정된 동결토 전단강도와 상관관계를 분석하였다. 또한, 향후 동결토 전단강도를 활용하여 동착강도를 추정할 수 있는 동착강도 비례계수를 산정하였으며, 기존 연구와의 비교분석을 통하여 기존 계수에 대한 문제점을 고찰하였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.399-410
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• 2015

콘크리트 충전형 합성기둥(Concrete filled steel tube, CFT)은 철근콘크리트, 강구조보다 뛰어난 변형 능력과 강도 갖고 있다. CFT 현장타설말뚝은 지진하중, 토양액상화 등에 의해 큰 국부전단력을 경험하게 되며 이를 방지하기 위해 큰 직경으로 설계되어 진다. 그러나 현행 기준의 전단 설계식은 CFT의 구속효과를 고려하지 못하고 있으며, 상당히 보수적인 설계식을 제시하고 있다. 전단 설계식의 개선을 위한 선행 전단 실험연구가 거의 없으며 그조차 소구경의 실험연구로만 존재한다. 이 연구는 대구경 콘크리트 충전형 합성기둥의 개선된 전단 설계식을 제안하기 위한 기초연구로써, 원형 CFT 기둥 전단의 선행 실험연구와 현행 설계기준 비교분석을 실행하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.1019-1024
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• 2000

Carbon fiber sheet has been widely used for the strengthening of the concrete buildings structures due to its excellent physical properties such as high strength, lightness and high durability. Bond strength or behavior, on the other, hands, between carbon fiber sheet and concrete is very important in strengthening the concrete member using CFS. Also the bond failure mechanism between CFS and concrete should be fully verified and understood. This study is to investigate the bond strength of CFS to th concrete by the direct pull-out test and the tensile-shear test methods. From the tests, the average bond stress, $$\tau$_{y}$ and the effective bond length, $$\ell$_{ｕ}$ are acquired.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2012

The strength of lumped cokes can be represented by some index numbers. Although some indexes are suggested, these indexes are not enough to enlighten fracture mechanism. To find essential mechanism, a computational way, discrete element method, is applied to the uniaxial compression test for cylindrical specimen. The cylindrical specimen is a kind of lumped particle mass with parallel bonding that will be broken when the normal stress and shear stress is over a critical value. It is revealed that the primary factors for cokes fracture are parallel spring constant, parallel bond strength, bonding radius and packing ratio the parallel bond strength and radius of the parallel combination the packing density. Especially, parallel spring constant is directly related with elastic constant and yield strength.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.359-370
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 AFRP 스트립과 강재사이의 부착거동에 관한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 실험적 연구를 통해 AFRP 판과 강판사이의 계면부착거동을 관찰하고, 계면부착응력을 산정하는 것이 본 연구의 목표이다. 실험변수로는 부착길이와 AFRP의 두께를 선택하였으며, 18개의 일면전단시편 제작하여 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 부착길이와 AFRP 두께가 증가함에 따라 하중값을 증가하였으며, 부착길이와 AFRP 두께가 증가함에 따라 각각 63%, 86%의 하중값이 증가하였다. 끝으로 강재와 AFRP 사이의 부착응력-슬립관계를 산정하였다. 부착응력-슬립관계는 탄성선형거동을 보이고 있으며, 부착길이와 AFRP 두께는 부착응력과 파괴에너지에 영향을 덜 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.732-746
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• 2003

Statement of problem. Soft lining materials, also referred to as tissue conditioning materials, tissue heating materials, relining materials, soft liners or tissue conditioners, were first introduced to dentistry by a plastic manufacturer in 1959. Since the introduction of the materials to the dental field, their material properties have been continually improved through the effort of many researchers. Soft lining materials have become widely accepted, particularly by prosthodontists, because of their numerous clinical advantages and ease of manipulation. Unfortunately, few reports have been issued upon the topic of increasing the bond strength between the base metal alloy used in cast denture bases and PMMA soft liner modified with 4-META, nor upon the pattern of debonding and material change in wet environment like a intra oral situation. Purpose. The purposes of this study were comparing the bond strength between base metal alloy used for the cast denture bases and PMMA soft liner modified with 4-META, and describing the pattern of debonding and material property change in wet environment like the intraoral situation. Material and Methods. This study consisted of four experiments: 1. The in vitro measurement of shear bond strength of the adhesive soft liner. 2. The in vitro measurement of shear bond strength of the adhesive soft liner after 2 weeks of aging. 3. A comparison of debonding patterns. 4. An evaluation the Relation time of modified soft liner. The soft liner used in this study was commercially available as Coe-soft (GC America.IL.,USA), which is provided in forms of powder and liquid. This is a PMMA soft liner commonly used in dental clinics. The metal primer used in this study was 4-META containing primer packed in Meta fast denture base resin (Sun Medical Co., Osaka, Japan). The specimens were formed in a single lap joint desist which is useful for evaluating the apparent shear bond strength of adhesively bonded metal plate by tensile loading. Using the $20{\times}20mm$ transparent grid, percent area of adhesive soft liner remaining on the shear area was calculated to classify the debonding patterns. To evaluate the change of the initial flow of the modified adhesive soft liner, the gelation time was measured with an oscillating rheometer (Haake RS150W/ TC50, Haake Co., Germany). It was a stress control and parallel plate type with the diameter of 35mm. Conclusion. Within the conditions and limitations of this study, the following conclusions were drawn as follows. 1. There was significant increase of bond strength in the 5% 4-META, 10% 4-META containing groups and in the primer coated groups versus the control group(P<0.05). 2. After 2 weeks of aging, no significant increase in bond strength was found except for the group containing 10% 4-META (P<0.05). 3. The gelation times of the modified soft liner were 9.3 minutes for the 5% 4-META containing liner and 11.5 minutes for the 10% 4-META liner. 4. The debonding patterns of the 4-META containing group after 2 weeks of aging were similar to those of immediaely after preparation, but the debonding pattern of the primer group showed more adhesive failure after 2 weeks of aging.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제10권sup3호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2016

The degradation of the load-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams due to corrosion has a profoundly negative impact on the structural safety and integrity of a structure. The literature is limited with regard to models of bond characteristics that relate to the reinforcement corrosion percentage. In this study, uniaxial tensile tests were conducted on specimens with irregular corrosion of their reinforced concrete. The development of cracks in the corroded area was found to be dependent on the level of corrosion, and transverse cracks developed due to tensile loading. Based on this crack development, the average stress versus deformation in the rebar and concrete could be determined experimentally and numerically. The results, determined via finite element analysis, were calibrated using the experimental results. In addition, bond elements for reinforced concrete with corrosion are proposed in this paper along with a relationship between the shear stiffness and corrosion level of rebar.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1993

To investigate the properties of diffusion bonding of 7050 Al alloy, the diffusion bonding joints have been produced in self-made diffusion bonding hot-press which admits a defined application of the bonding pressure during the heating phase and also rapid cooling after the bonding process with various bonding condition. The strength of the bond increases with increasing the bonding time and temperature. Shear test at toom temperature showed that high strength up to 70% that of parent metal (320 MPa), 220 MPa for the specimen bonded 14 hr at $560^{\circ}C$, with 3 MPa. In this case, however, there is large deformation more than 20% reduction in thickness. The results were correlated with joint characteristics found by optical microstructure and by fractography by SEM. When the strengths of the bonds are more than 50% that of parent metal, a great deal of dimples stretched along the direction of shear stress are observed over the fractured surface of the bond. On the microstructure of the bond line, initial mophology of the bond line disapeared for the grain boundary migration with increasing the bonding time.