• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국가시화정보학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.125-130
• /
• 2006

The characteristics of boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux (CHF) behavior of nano-fluids were studied by using various sized silver and alumina nanoparticles. The diameter of nanoparticles was from 2 nm to 250 nm for silver and from 20nm to 40nm for alumina. Pool boiling characteristics and CHF enhancement of nano-fluids with different sized nanoparticles were compared with those of pure water and each nano-fluids. The experiment was performed at atmospheric pressure and the temperature of the pool was maintained constantly by using a flat immersed heater. The concentration of nano-fluids was uniform in all experiments as 0.01g/liter. The results showed that the measured boiling curves were shifted to the right. It demonstrated that the occurrence of nucleate boiling regime in nano-fluids retarded, compared with that of pure water. Also, in nano-fluids, the boiling curves showed that CHF of nano-fluids is significantly enhanced and represented the effect of particle size on boiling characteristics.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제21권10호
• /
• pp.1254-1261
• /
• 1997

Pulse boiling, the unsteady periodic boiling phenomenon appearing in the evaporator of thermosyphons was investigated by many researchers. In the present study investigations were conducted to examine the evolution of flow patterns at the evaporator, and changes in thermodynamic state that each of liquid pool and vapor experiences through 1 cycle of pulse boiling process. For wall and liquid pool the degree of superheat for the onset of nucleation was examined. It revealed that the degree of superheat increased with the increase of pulse period, reaching to 16.5 deg.C and 23 deg.C for liquid pool and evaporator wall respectively at .tau.=80 sec. The data on flow patterns obtained through series of operation tests were plotted in the coordinates of heat flux and vapor pressure to get a regime map. Further this map could be used to figure out the conditions of pulse boiling for a thermosyphon.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.22-29
• /
• 2008

A sequence of visually experimental observations was conducted to investigate the flow boiling and two-phase flow in a coiled tube. Different boiling modes and bubble dynamical evolutions were identified for better recognizing the phenomena and understanding the two-phase flow evolution and heat transfer mechanisms. The dissolved gases and remained vapor would serve as foreign nucleation sites, and together with the effect of buoyancy, centrifugal force and liquid flow, these also induce very different flow boiling nucleation, boiling modes, bubble dynamical behavior, and further the boiling heat transfer performance. Bubbly flow, plug flow, slug flow, stratified/wavy flow and annular flow were observed during the boiling process in the coiled tube. Particularly the effects of flow reconstructing and thermal non-equilibrium release in the bends were noted and discussed with the physical understanding. Coupled with the effects of the buoyancy, centrifugal force and inertia or momentum ratio of the two fluids, the flow reconstructing and thermal non-equilibrium release effects have critical importance for flow pattern in the bends and flow evolution in next straight sections.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2009

The effect of oil on convective boiling of R-123 in an enhanced tube bundle is experimentally investigated at $26.7^{\circ}C$ saturation temperature. The enhanced tube had pores (0.23 mm diameter) and connecting gaps (0.07 mm width), which had been optimized using pure R-123. The effects of oil concentration (0 to 5%), heat flux (10 to $40\;kW/m^2$), mass velocity (8 to $26\;kg/m2^s$) and vapor quality are investigated. The oil significantly reduces the bundle boiling heat transfer coefficient. With 1% oil, the reduction is approximately 35%. Further addition of oil further reduces the heat transfer coefficient. The data are also compared with the pool boiling counterpart. The reduction in the heat transfer coefficient is smaller in a bundle (convective boiling) than in a pool (single-tube pool boiling), with larger difference at a smaller heat flux. Similar to pure R-123 case, the effects of mass velocity and vapor quality are negligible for the convective boiling of R-123/oil mixture.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제28권8호
• /
• pp.895-901
• /
• 2004

Single-phase convection and nucleate boiling heat transfer were locally investigated for confined planar water jets. The detailed distributions of the wall temperature and the convection coefficient as well as the typical boiling curves were discussed. The curve for the single-phase convection indicated the developing laminar boundary layer, accompanied by monotonic increase of the wall temperature in the stream direction. Boiling was initiated from the furthest downstream as heat flux increased. Heat transfer variation according to the streamwise location was reduced as heat flux increased enough to create the vigorous nucleate boiling. Velocity effects were considered for the confined free-surface jet. Higher velocity of the jet caused the boiling incipient to be delayed more. The transition to turbulence precipitated by the bubble-induced disturbance was obvious only for the highest velocity, which enabled the boiling incipient to start in the middle of the heated surface, rather than the furthest downstream as was the case of the moderate and low velocities. The temperature at offset line were somewhat tower than those at the centerline for single-phase convection and partial boiling, and these differences were reduced as the nucleate boiling developed. For the region prior to transition, the convection coefficient distributions were similar in both cases while the temperatures were somewhat lower in the submerged jet. For single-phase convection, transition was initiated at $x/W{\cong}2.5$ and completed soon for the submerged jet, but the onset of transition was retarded to the distance at $x/W{\cong}6$ for the fee-surface jet.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제54권1호
• /
• pp.61-71
• /
• 2022

Pool boiling heat transfer is widely applied in nuclear engineering fields. The influence of heating surface orientation on the pool boiling heat transfer has received extensive attention. In this study, the heating surface with different roughness was adopted to conduct pool boiling experiments at different inclination angles. Based on the boiling curves and bubble images, the effects of inclination angle on the pool boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux were analyzed. When the inclination angle was bigger than 90°, the bubble size increased with the increase of inclination angle. Both the bubble departure frequency and critical heat flux decreased as the inclination angle increased. The existing theoretical models about pool boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux were compared. From the perspective of bubble agitation model and Hot/Dry spot model, the experimental phenomena could be explained reasonably. The enlargement of bubble not only could enhance the agitation of nearby liquid but also would cause the bubble to stay longer on the heating surface. Consequently, the effect of inclination angle on the pool boiling heat transfer was not conspicuous. With the increase of inclination angle, the rewetting of heating surface became much more difficult. It has negative effect on the critical heat flux. This work provides experimental data basis for heat transfer and CHF performance of pool boiling.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제59권5호
• /
• pp.454-465
• /
• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 액체 혼합물의 끓음에 대한 예비 화학교사의 인식을 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 사범대학에 재학 중인 예비 화학교사 65명을 대상으로 에탄올 수용액의 끓는점과 가열 곡선 유형, 용액이 끓을 때의 기포 속 입자 모형 등에 대한 설문조사를 실시하고, 이 중 9명을 면담하였다. 그 결과, 50% 몰분율의 에탄올 수용액의 끓는점에 대한 예비교사의 인식은 ‘78-100 ℃ 구간에서 끓기 시작한다’는 과학적인 응답이 52.3%이었고, ‘에탄올 끓는점인 78 ℃에서 끓기 시작한다’고 생각하는 응답이 35.4%이었다. 전자의 경우, 물과 에탄올의 부분 증기압력의 합이 순수한 에탄올의 증기압력보다 작고, 물의 증기압력보다 커진다는 과학적인 설명에 비해 ‘끓을 때 에탄올 분자가 물 분자와의 인력이나 진로 방해 등을 통해 순수한 끓는점보다 높아진다’고 생각하는 설명이 많았다. 후자의 경우, 에탄올이 먼저 끓는데, 끓는점은 물질의 고유성질이므로 혼합물이 되어도 변하지 않는다고 생각하였다. 액체 혼합물의 가열 시 온도변화에 대해서는 끓기 시작하면서 온도가 증가하다가 일정한 온도가 된다고 생각하는 응답자가 69.2%이었으나 이들은 에탄올이 끓으면서 기화되어, 액체상에 물의 비율이 높아지기 때문에 점점 끓는점이 증가하게 된다는 설명을 하거나, 에탄올은 상태 변화하지만 액체로 남아있는 물이 열에너지를 흡수하기 때문에 혼합액체의 온도가 증가한다는 설명을 제시하였다. 상당수의 예비교사는 두 개의 일정한 온도 구간이 나타난다는 응답을 하였는데 이들은 액체 혼합물의 각 성분이 자신의 고유한 끓는점에서 상태변화를 한다고 생각하고 있었다. 또한, 액체 혼합물의 증발과 끓음 상황에서 기체상에서의 입자 모형을 분석한 결과, 증발 상황에서는 대부분의 예비교사가 기체상에 물과 에탄올이 동시에 존재하는 모형을 그렸으나, 끓음 상황에서는 기체상에 에탄올만 존재하는 모형을 그리는 비율이 증가하였다. 결과를 바탕으로 예비교사들이 혼합액체의 끓음에 대해 가지고 있는 대체적 개념과 이들의 인식 개선을 위한 시사점을 논의하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.1040-1045
• /
• 2004

This study has been carried out to investigate thermosyphon's geyser boiling phenomenon used to solar collector. evaporator section of thermosyphon used to solar collector is very much longer than that of condenser section. From the results from this study, Geyser boiling's cycle depends on cooling water, tilt angle and the applied heat load at the evaporator. In this study, according to heat load, the geyser boiling frequency is lower, but the amplitude higher. For the high tilt angle of heat pipe, the frequency and amplitude are lower and higher in the evaporator region, respectively. Whereas, these phenomena is in contrast in the condenser region.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.1353-1358
• /
• 2004

An experimental study of pool boiling behavior on micro-porous enhanced square heater surfaces immersed in PF5060 is performed. The effects of heater orientation, Subcooling and substrate distance on the pool boiling heat transfer performance for the double heaters were investigated under increasing heat-flux conditions. The boiling performance of micro-porous coated surface was better than that of plain surface. The double heaters with upper substrate of 0.2cm substrate interval have lower boiling performances compared with the results for the double heaters with that of 0.5cm and 1.0cm substrate interval and without the substrate. In comparison to upper heater and below heater with orientation, the upper heater has lower superheat temperature than the below heater due to the bubble sweeping.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 1992

A recently developed new technique for measuring the fraction of wetted area has applied to pool boiling of water. The basis of the new applied technique of ultrasonic makes use of the reflection of ultrasonic from the vapour surface to measure the fraction of wetted area values. The results are the measured fraction of wetted area values in nucleate and transition boiling and the pool boiling curve for water under steady state conditions. The measurement of this paper shows a fraction of wetted areaf around 0.98 at the critical heat flux for water.