• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2014

Rubus coreanus has been used as a traditional medicine in Asia because of its various pharmacological properties. This study examined the effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA), one of phenolic compounds derived from R. coreanus on the lipid metabolism in high cholesterol diet-induced mice. A total of 30 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 5 groups with 6 mice in each group as follows: (1) Control mice received normal diet (ND). (2) Mice received high-cholesterol diet (HCD) plus water, 10% sucrose solution and treated daily oral phosphate-buffered-saline (PBS) of equal volumes through gavage. (3) Mice received HCD and treated daily with 25 mg/kg b.w./day of PCA (4) with 50 mg/kg b.w./day or (5) with 10 mg/kg b.w./day of simvastatin via oral gavage for 12 weeks. Body weights were measured weekly for a period of experiment. After treatment, liver, thymus, spleen and kidney were harvested and weighed, and the lipid metabolite profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c) and liver-damaging markers (GOT and GPT) in serum were examined. PCA significantly reduced the total cholesterol, TG, LDL-c level and increased the HDL-c level. PCA administration also significantly reduced the levels of GOT and GPT. These results indicate that the PCA could be used as a functional material for lowering lipid and an adjuvant for the treatment of hyperlipemia.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.687-699
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• 2005

In order to investigate the effect of dietary zinc and phytic acid levels on protein metabolism in rats, male rats of Sprague-Dawley strains weighing approximately $60\~74g$ were fed different diets which contained 0, 0.35 and $1.05\%$ phytic acid each at 3 levels of zinc(0, 30 and 1,500 ppm zinc) for 28 days. Result obtained in this experiment are summarized as follows; 1. Body weight gait food consumption food efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were lower in the rats fed zinc deficient diet(0 ppm zinc) than in those consuming 30 or 1,500 ppm dietary zinc, and the additional effect of phytic acid were not observed in all of then 2. Liver weight was lower in the rats fed 30 ppm zinc diet than in those fed 0 or 1,500 ppm-zinc diet but kidney and spleen weights were lower in the rats fed zinc deficient diet than in those fed 30 or 1,500 ppm-zinc diet Among organs measured only the liver appeared to be influenced by dietary phytic acid: the more the dietary phytic acid, the more the weight of liver, 3. Fecal nitrogen was decreased in the rats fed zinc deficient diet compared with those fed 30 or 1,500 ppm dietary zinc. Urinary nitrogen was increased in the rats fed $1.05\%$ dietary phytic acid compared with those fed 0.35 or $0\%$ dietary phytic acid Nitrogen retention of rat was influenced by neither dietary zinc nor phytic acid. 4. Urea nitrogen was decreased with increasing dietary zinc levels, and creatinine and uric acid levels were increased with increasing dietary zinc concentration or with additional quantity of phytic acid. Uric acid appeared to be influenced by zinc x phytic acid interaction; especially, the presence of phytic acid in the 30 ppm-zinc diet had significant effect on uric acid content. 5. Hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit ratio were higher in the rats fed 30 ppm dietary zinc than in those fed 0 or 1,500 ppm-zinc diet Serum zinc concentration was increased with increasing dietary zinc levels. The content of total protein albumin and BUN and the ratio of albumin to globulin in serum, and protein content in liver were influenced by neither dietary zinc nor phytic acid.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.213-218
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of taurine supplementation on heat shock protein 70 and in vitro protein turnover in broiler chicks under chronic heat stress. Chicks were allocated into 3 groups of 10 birds per group; the control group was maintained at a temperature of $24^{\circ}C$ without taurine (CO group), the heat-stressed group maintained at a temperature of $34^{\circ}C$ without taurine (HO group), and heat-stressed group maintained at a temperature of $34^{\circ}C$ with taurine (HT group). The final body and liver weights of broilers in the HO and HT groups were significantly lower than those of broilers in the CO group (P<0.05). However, these parameters of the broilers in the HT group were significantly higher than those of broilers in the HO group (P<0.05). The heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) concentration in the liver of broilers in the HO group was significantly higher than that of broilers in the CO and HT groups, but the hsp70 concentration in the liver of broilers in the HT group was not different from that of broilers in the CO group. Liver homogenates of 21 day-old broilers were incubated at temperatures of $37^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$ to prove the effect of high temperature and taurine on total protein syntheses. Neither high temperature nor taurine supplementation affected protein syntheses in liver homogenates of the broilers. However, the more the temperature increased, the more the degradation rates of cytoplasmic protein in liver homogenates increased; however, taurine supplementation had no effects on the protein syntheses in the liver of the broiler. It is possible that taurine indirectly affected protein turnover via various physiological mechanisms.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.394-403
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the four-week repeated-dose toxicity of the crude antifungal compounds produced by Lactobacillus plantarum AF1 (Lb. plantarum AF1), a lactic acid bacterium isolated from kimchi, in male and female rats. Sprague-Dawley male and female rats were divided into four groups, with 10 animals in each group. The test article was administered once daily by gavage to rats at dosage levels of 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg/day for four weeks. There were no test-article-related deaths or abnormal clinical signs in both the male and female rats during the observation period. Furthermore, no differences in the body weight changes, food intake and water consumption levels of the control and treatment groups were found. The hematological parameters, serum biochemical analysis results, histopathological examination results and all other findings also showed no significant or dose-dependent changes. There were also no changes in the organ weights upon the administration of the crude antifungal compounds produced by Lb. plantarum AF1. These results suggest that the oral administration of the crude antifungal compounds produced by Lb. plantarum AF1 had no adverse effects up to a dosage level of 2,000 mg/kg in both male and female rats.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.141-161
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was performed to investigate the effects of Sobokchukeo- Tang(SCT) on the experimentally-induced endometriosis in rats. Materials and Methods : Endometriosis was induced via the surgical autotransplantation technique in rats. A laparotomy was performed and a $4\;{\times}\;4\;mm$ of the right uterine horn was resected incised and sutured to the peritoneum. And the animals divided into control(n=8) and SCT-treated group(n=8). SCT(1,000 mg/head) was administered orally for 15 days after operation. The weights(body, left uterus, and ovaries) and concentrations of cytokines(MCP-1,$TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-l{\beta}$) were measured. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry for COX-2, and histochemistry for mast cells of the transplanted uterine tissues were performed. Results : - The $volume(mm^3)$ of transplanted uterine tissues of SCT-treated group$(92.88{\pm}41.89)$ was significantly(p<<0.01) decreased than the control group $(404.50{\pm}317.68)$. The concentration(pg/ml) of MCP-1 in ascites of SCT-treated group$(5,256{\pm}1,209)$ was significantly(p<<0.001) decreased than the control group$(8,632{\pm}1,245)$. - The concentration(pg/ml) of $TNF-{\alpha}$ in ascites of SCT-treated group$(521.8{\pm}306.1)$ was significantly(p<<0.01) decreased than the control group$(1,245.2{\pm}362.2)$. - The percentage of COX-2 positive epithelial layer in transplanted uterine tissues of SCT-treated group$(25.0{\pm}7.3)$ was significantly(p<<0.001) decreased than the control group$(50.2{\pm}8.2)$. - The number of mast cells in the stroma of transplanted uterine tissues of SCT-treated group$(16.5{\pm}6.8)$ was significantly(p<<0.05) decreased than the control group$(26.0{\pm}7.7)$. - The number of mast cells in the periphery of transplanted uterine tissues of control group$(71.3{\pm}18.5)$ was significantly(p<<0.01) decreased than the control group$(109.3{\pm}30.2)$. - Proliferation of epithelia, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and microanglogenesis in transplanted uterine tissues of treated group were weakly observed than the control group. Conclusion : From the above results, Sobokchukeo-Tang(SCT) has an inhibitory effect on the development of transplanted uterine tissue in rats and it is related to the decreased concentration of MCP-1 and $TNF-{\alpha}$, and decreased expression of COX-2, and decreased infiltration of mast cells by administration of Sobokchukeo-Tang.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 2005

In order to study about the lobule and layer formation and cell migration of the mouse cerebellum from at the birth to 15th day effected by 2.5, 5 and 10 Gy r-raddiation at the 19th pregnancy. The routine tissue preparation and staining procedure, Immunohistochemical staining method by the several antibody and western brotting method were utilized from the birth to the15th day. The results were as followings. 1. The body and cerebellum weights were more slowly increase of the the 2.5 Gy, 5 Gy and 10 Gy irradiation group compare to the control group, and the health condition of the 2.5 Gy group was a little bad. but the 10 Gy group was more severe and begun to die from the 12th day after birth. 2. The thickness, proliferation and migration of the 2.5, 5 and 10 Gy irradiated external granular cells from the maginal zone to the medullary area forming the molecular layer from the 6th day to the 15th day after birth were thinner, weaker and more slower according to the radiated dosages than the control group in the cresyl violet staining. 3. The proliteration, migration and lobulation of the 5 Gy radiated groups from the first day to the 15th day after birth were more weak, incomplete and irregular shape in the immunostaining with Dab, Cdk5, P35, calbindin and Zebrin antibody. 4. In the western blotting analysis using the Reelin, Dab, Cdk5 and P35 antibody. The Bands were in the 60 KD, 80 KD, 33 KD and 35 KD, and there were no differences between the control and irradiated groups in the molecular band except the Reelin. 5. As a results, the proliferation and migration of the outer granular and purkinje cells, and lobulation of the cerebellum by the several dosaege of the ${\gamma}$-ray radiation were proportionally incomplete according to dosage.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.765-772
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of decursin (D) and decursinol angelate (DA) against bisphenol A (BPA) toxicity in a rat two-generation study. Adult rats were divided into the following three groups: (1) control, (2) BPA, and (3) BPA+D/DA. The D and DA treatment of F0 parents increased the terminal body weight and relative adult organ weights (testes, kidneys, spleen, and liver) when compared with the BPA group. A significant decrease in sperm count was found in the BPA+D/DA (7.69%) and BPA (64.70%, p<0.01) groups, when compared with the sperm count in the control group. No offspring were obtained in the F1 generation of the BPA (50 mg/kg/day) group, but the addition of D/DA in the BPA+D/DA group significantly restored fertility (55.78%) and gestation indices (98.87%) in the F1 generation. No significant differences were found in the fertility index between the control (75.02%) and the BPA+D/DA (78.11%) groups in the two-generation study, when compared with the one-generation study. The viability ratio during lactation in the D/DA group was also similar to that of the control group. These data indicate that D/DA (50 mg/kg/day) administered over two generations causes significant positive changes in reproductive or developmental parameters.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.795-812
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• 2020

Novel food sources have enormous potential as nutritional supplements. For instance, edible insects are considered as an alternative food source due to their higher protein content; moreover, they are economically efficient reproducers and have high in nutritional value. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of the freeze-dried powder of Locusta migratoria (fdLM), known to contain rich proteins as well as fatty acids. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the subacute toxicity of fdLM in male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The SD rats were divided into four groups based on the dosage of fdLM administered: dosage of 0 (vehicle control), 750, 1,500, and 3,000 mg/kg/day were administered for 28 days. Toxicological assessments including observations on food consumption, body and organ weights, clinical signs, mortality, ophthalmologic tests, urinalyses, hematologic tests, clinical chemistry tests, gross findings, and histopathology tests were performed. Clinical signs, urinalyses, hematology, serum biochemistry tests, and organ weight examinations revealed no fdLM-related toxicity. The no-observed-adverse-effect level for fdLM was higher than 3,000 mg/kg/day in rats of both sexes; therefore, fdLM, in conclusion, can be considered safe as an edible alternative human and animal food source material.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.333-339
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• 2014

Exendin-4 (Ex-4), a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, has been known to reverse hepatic steatosis in ob/ob mice. Although many studies have evaluated molecular targets of Ex-4, its mechanism of action on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis has not fully been determined. In the liver, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is mainly expressed in hepatocytes, endothelial cells and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In the present study, the effects of Ex-4 on GLUT4 expression were determined in the liver of ob/ob mice. Ob/ob mice were treated with Ex-4 for 10 weeks. Serum metabolic parameters, hepatic triglyceride levels, and liver tissues were evaluated for hepatic steatosis. The weights of the whole body and liver in ob/ob mice were reduced by long-term Ex-4 treatment. Serum metabolic parameters, hepatic steatosis, and hepatic fibrosis in ob/ob mice were reduced by Ex-4. Particularly, Ex-4 improved hepatic steatosis by enhancing GLUT4 via GLP-1R activation in ob/ob mice. Ex-4 treatment also inhibited hepatic fibrosis by decreasing expression of connective tissue growth factor in HSCs of ob/ob mice. Our data suggest that GLP-1 agonists exert a protective effect on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in obesity and type 2 diabetes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.346-353
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• 1991

This survey was carried out to study the food habit and several health indicators of 438 persons (male ; 179, female ; 259) aged over 60 years old living in a middle city, The results obtained were as follows. The food habit of male was better significantly than that of female, the eating frequencies of fruits, eggs, meats and fishes, and legumes of male were higher than those of female. The mean weights and heights of both male and female were low in comparison to the Korean standard, but the mean BMIs of both male and female showed normal range and the mean obesity rates of male and female were 3.5％ and 8.2％, respectively, The mean hemoglobin content and hematocrit were 13.1g/100m1 and 39.8% in male, and 12.4g/100m1 and 37.8％ in female, respectively, The anemia rate judged by the WHO level of hemoglobin content was 42.0% in male and 34.7％ in female. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures of both male and female showed normal range; But the incidence of hypertension judged by the WHO level was 15. 6% in male and 16.7% in female. The subjects suffering from diseases were 78.2% in male and 86.7% in female. Common diseases were neuralgia, circulatory system diseases, respiratory system diseases, diabetes mellitus, and athritis. There were positive correlations between the score of food habit and body weight, height, hemoglobin content, and hematocrit. And there was a negative correlation between the food habit score and obesity rate. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were correlated positively to skinfold thickness and the incidence of suffering from diseased.