• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.962-970
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• 2007

A total of 1,200 LinNan Chinese color-feathered chicks were used to study the effects of methionine source [DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthio-butanoic acid (HMTBa) or DL-methionine (DLM)] and dietary crude protein (CP) level on growth performance, carcass traits, and whole-body nitrogen and fat retention. The trial was designed as a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement, including two CP levels (adequate and low) and two methionine sources (HMTBa and DL-methionine). Diets were formulated for three phases, starter (0-21 d), grower (21-42 d), and finisher (42-63 d). Chicks fed HMTBa had higher daily gain and improved feed efficiency than DLM during the grower phase (p<0.05). A significant two-way interaction was observed for growth performance during the finisher phase and overall (0-63 d). Growth performance was greater for chicks fed HMTBa than DLM on adequate-CP diets (p<0.05), but this was not observed at low-CP level (p>0.05). Chicks fed low-CP diets grew slower, used feed less efficiently during the grower, finisher phase and overall. On d 42, regardless of dietary CP levels, birds fed HMTBa had higher carcass weights, breast and thigh weights than DLM-fed birds (p<0.04). Birds fed low-CP diet had lighter carcass weights and less breast muscle, thigh muscle, and dressing percentage at the end of starter, grower and finisher phases (p<0.05). Whole body composition analyses found that birds fed HMTBa tended to contain more protein and less fat compared to those chicks fed DLM at the end of the starter phase (p<0.10). Low-CP diets increased CP concentration in the whole body at the end of the finisher phase (p = 0.05). HMTBa supplementation increased whole-body N retention rate during the finisher phase and overall (p<0.01), and low-CP diets reduced N intake and whole-body fat retention during the finisher phase and overall (p<0.05). In summary, HMTBa was better than DLM on an equimolar basis for growth performance, carcass traits, and N retention in Chinese color-feathered chicks. Low-CP diets lowered growth performance as well as carcass traits in color-feathered birds, probably due to imbalanced AA profiles.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.197-205
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate adolescents' body size and their concerns and perceptions about body image. Group means of heights and weights were 171.5cm and 60.3kg for boys and 159.3cm and 52.3Kg for girls. Body Mass Index(BMI) of the subjects were 20.5 for boys and 20.6 for girls. Only 11.5$\%$ of subjects were overweight or obese, however 42.5% of subjects had experienced weight control, and the main reason for weight control was to lose weight(80.6$\%$). In concern for body image and frequency of eating distrubance ; females had more concern than males, the group who had attempted weight control had more concern than those who had not, and the group who were overweight had more concern than those who were under and normal weight. In perception about body image, using a set of nine figure drawings arranged from very thin to very heavy figures, subjects rated their current figure, considered figure(how they appeared to others), ideal figure, and attractive figure. For boys, the current, ideal, and most attractive figures were almost identical, but for girls, the ideal figure was significantly thinner than current figure and attractive figure was significantly thinner than current figure. The greater the preference for thinner figure as idal and attractive figure, the higher the concern for body image and frequency of eating distrubance. Thus it seems that a distorted perception of ideal body size affects adolescents' concern for body image and eating behaviors.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1084-1099
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the influences of age, somatotype, and stress on body cathexis and preferences of clothing image. The subjects were 248 women (college students and middle aged women) in Korea. There was a significant difference between a real somatotype and a perceived somatotype. As a whole subjects had a tendency to perceive themselves as overweight. In the college group the degree of being overweight influenced the degree of stress level. College women who perceived themselves heavier than their real weights marked the highest level of stress. Subjects who perceived themselves as underweight had a higher body cathexis. Significant findings were noted in preferences of clothing image relating to body cathexis and age. The clothing with an elegant image was preferred by subjects who had a higher body cathexis and the middle aged women. College women favored the clothing with a pretty image. The clothing with an unique image was preferred by subjects with a high body cathexis, by the college women, and by subjects who perceived themselves as overweight. The clothing with a masculine image was preferred by college women rather than middle aged women. The clothing with a moderate image was preferred by middle aged women. In summary, subjects had a tendency to perceive themselves as overweight, thus the higher stress level which affected body cathexis. Both age and body cathexis significantly affected preferences of clothing image.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 1991

In the experiment of shoulder lockup restraint method for the 6 groups of Korean cattle that mean body weights were 155.3kg(Group 1), 275.3kg(Group 2), 301.3kg(Group 3), 342kg(Group 4), 384.Ok9(Group 5) and 446.3kg (Group 6), respectively, the obtained re

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2022

본 연구는 신품종 토종종계로부터 생산된 토종실용닭 4계통의 성장 특성을 규명하고 출하일령 추정에 적합한 모형을 제시하고자 실시하였다. 체중은 발생시부터 12주령까지 2주 간격으로 개체별로 측정하였으며 성장곡선의 추정은 Von Berteralanffy, Gompertz 및 Logistic 모형을 이용하였다. 분석 결과, 발생시 체중을 제외한 모든 주령에서 수컷이 암컷보다 무겁게 나타났고, 계통 간 체중은발생시, 2주령 및 6주령을 제외하고는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 모든 성장곡선 모형의 결정계수와 수정된 결정계수는 97.4~99.7로 높은 적합도를 나타내었다. 성장곡선 모수 중성숙체중과 성장률은 수컷이 암컷보다 높게 나타났고, 성숙률은 암컷과 수컷이 비슷한 값을 보였다. 변곡점은 모형과 계통 별 차이가 있으나 암컷은 약 7주령, 수컷은 8~9주령으로 나타나 성별 간 10일 정도의 차이를 나타내었다. 성장곡선 모형의 거의 대부분은 실제 체중과 잘 일치하나, Von Bertalanffy 모형에서 수컷의 체중이 실제 체중과 다소의 차이를 보였다. 출하일령 예측을 위한 회귀함수의 결정계수는 0.9583~0.9746으로 나타나 예측 값에 대한 신뢰도가 높게 나타났다. 성장 곡선과 회귀식을 사용하여 추정한 주령 별 체중 값은 8주령과 10주령은 회귀식을 이용한 추정 값이, 12주령 체중은 Logistic 모형으로 추정한 값이 실제 체중과 가장 비슷하게 나타났다. 이러한 성장곡선에 따른 토종닭의 2 kg 도달일령의 평균 예측일수는 수컷이 62.0~64.6일, 암컷은 74.9~78.6일로 추정된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.640-647
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• 2008

Breed differences in adult animals are determined during fetal development. If interventions are to be developed that influence growth of muscle and fat, it is important to know at which time during gestation breed differences appear and are fixed. The objective of this study was to characterize fetal development in cattle of different breeds. Pregnant cows of 4 cattle breeds with different growth impetus and muscularity were slaughtered under normal processing conditions and the fetuses were removed. German Angus, a typical beef cattle; Galloway, a smaller, environmentally resistant beef type; Holstein Friesian, a dairy type; and Belgian Blue, an extreme type for muscle growth were used. Fetuses of each breed were investigated at 3, 6, and 9 mo of gestation. Fetuses were weighed and dissected into carcass, organs, and muscles. Body fat weight was obtained using the Soxhlet extraction method. Fetal weight increased most rapidly in the third trimester of gestation mainly due to the accelerated muscle and fat deposition. The organ weight to body weight (BW) ratios decreased and the muscle and fat weight to BW ratios increased. At 3 mo of gestation, Galloway fetuses had the significantly smallest BW, half-carcass weight, leg weight, organ weight, muscle weight and shortest leg length. In contrast, Holstein fetuses had the significantly greatest BW, liver, kidney, and lung weights and significantly longest leg length among the 4 breeds, but no differences between Holstein Friesian and Belgian Blue were detected in half-carcass and leg weight. Indeed, Belgian Blue fetuses had the significantly greatest half-carcass weight, leg weight, and muscle weight at 9 mo of gestation, and Galloway had a significantly greater body fat to BW ratio than Holstein Friesian and Belgian Blue. These differences were not evident at 3 and 6 mo of gestation. These data show that the profound increase of tissue and organ weights occurred in later gestation in cattle fetuses even though breed differences were evident as early as 3 mo of gestation. Depending on the tissue of interest, impacting fetal growth likely needs to occur early in gestation before the appearance of breed-specific differences.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.559-569
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the effect of whole mandarin, peel, and pulp intake of Citrus unshiu Marc on the antioxidative capacity of 15-month-old rats. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 621.9 $\pm$ 10.1 g were separated into four groups according to body weight. The rats were raised with diets containing 5% (w/w) dried mandarin powder for four weeks. Three powders were used, consisting of mandarin peel, pulp, and the entire fruit. Total flavonoids, antioxidant vitamins and dietary fiber was highest in the mandarin peel powder, followed by the whole mandarin powder and the mandarin pulp. The body weight gains of the whole mandarin and mandarin pulp groups were higher, while that of the mandarin peel group was lower than that of the control group. Food intake and ratios of liver, kidney and epididymal fat pad (EFP) weights to body weight were not significantly different among the groups, but ratios of EFP weights per body weight of the experimental groups tended to be lower than that of the control animals. Plasma and liver TBARS concentrations decreased in all the mandarin groups compared to the control group. Plasma and liver xanthine oxidase (XO) activity decreased in all of the mandarin diet groups. Erythrocyte and liver SOD activity in all of experimental groups was not significantly different from the control group. Plasma vitamin A concentration increased significantly in all of the mandarin diet groups. That of the mandarin peel group was 4 times higher than that of the control group. Plasma total carotenoids and vitamin C level also increased in the mandarin peel group. Plasma vitamin I level was not significantly different among the groups.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2013

To understand the sex reversal characteristics in the longtooth grouper (Epinephelus bruneus), this study examined the sex reversal and artificial masculinization of wild caught E. bruneus reared in indoor rearing tank after a 17${\alpha}$-methyltestosterone injection. To domesticate a broodstock, 64 wild caught E. bruneus, between 47.0 to 110.0 cm in total length and from 1.5 to 21.4 kg in body weight, were reared in indoor rearing tank (4.0 to 5.0 m wide, and 2.5 to 3.0 m depth) for four years. Seven specimens showed sex reversal from female to male during indoor rearing condition, whose total length and body weights were from 63.0 to 99.0 cm and from 4.4 to 13.2 kg, respectively. After inducing artificial masculinization in 14 female E. bruneus with a 17${\alpha}$-methyltestosterone (2.0 mg/kg BW) implants for 3 years, spermiation occurred in 9 specimens (total length: 54.0 to 68.0 cm, body weight: 2.3 to 4.3 kg). Among the female to male sex reversals, two specimens returned back to being female, whose body weights were 2.8 kg (initially 2.6 kg) and 2.7 kg (initially 2.3 kg). Therefore, this study suggested that E. bruneus (> 3.0 kg) was more effective in masculinizing by 17${\alpha}$-methyltestosterone implants.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.189-193
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• 2007

This study investigated the effects of Gymnema sylvestre (GS) extract on body weight, adiposity, and lipid metabolism in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. The experimental mice were divided into the following 4 groups: basal diet (AIN-93G diet) and 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% GS supplemented groups. Each group was fed the experimental diet for 9 weeks. The final body weights, adipocyte sizes, and epididymal fat weights of the GS groups were significantly lower than those of the control group. There were no significant differences in food intake and food efficiency ratios among the treated groups. Serum triglyceride levels and the atherogenic index were significantly lower in the GS groups compared to the control group. Serum HDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the 1% and 1.5% GS groups compared to the control group. Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase activities did not differ among the four experimental groups. The total hepatic lipid content was significantly lower in the GS groups, and hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents tended to be reduced in the GS groups compared to the control group. These results suggest that GS extract may be useful for ameliorating dyslipidemia and fatty liver.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2007

The purpose of the study was to offer basic documents to the textile fashion industry by investigating changes of figures followed by various factors as each other social and cultural environment regardless of the same race. The study conducted a questionnaire survey of Korean women and Korean women in Japan to twenties, forties and sixties. The study enforced measurement from February, 2006 to March, 2006 and from July, 2006 to August, 2006 with R. Martin's Measurement Method of Anthropometry in total 49 measurement items. Also, the study treated statistics of the documents with SPSS WIN 10.0 program. As the result which studied comparison of figures with basic statistics, t-test and more, the study got the following conclusion. Most of Korean women and Korean women residing in Japan have big individual differences in obesity, especially width, thickness, and girth of waist showed the largest variation proving considerable individual difference in waist. In a body measurement comparison, twenties, forties, and sixties of Korean women residing in Japan are higher in heights compare to Korean women, while Korean women have wider and thicker waists than Korean women residing in Japan. In a body difference comparison, categories that showed significant differences are 40's>20's>60's in order and twenties and sixties showed only small difference. In conclusion, Korean women have longer, wider, thicker and smaller waist than Korean woman residing in Japan. When divided by age groups, forties and sixties Korean women are longer in waist, shorter in heights, fatter in weights. Twenties have long waist similar to forties and sixties, but had no significant difference in heights and weights.