• 한국의류학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.799-808
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• 2013

Previous research reported that body size measured as Body Mass Index (BMI) and body shape measured as waist-hip-ratio (WHR) are two essential factors that form the perceptions of body attractiveness. However, the debate on the importance of BMI versus WHR is ongoing. In addition, scholarly articles, that focus on the role of geographic and cultural variability on perceptions of attractiveness, report inconsistent results. Some suggested that according to globalization and the rise of mass media, geographic variability of perceptions of attractiveness have been altered, while others believed that it remains. This study cross-regionally investigates the role of body size and body shape on the perceptions of female attractiveness. Samples were composed of 107 female college students in Alabama and 107 female college students in California. Participants viewed 27 three-dimensional body scan images of women in three body shapes (pear, hourglass, and rectangle) and three body sizes (underweight, normal weight, and overweight) and rated their perceptions of attractiveness. Images were shown to students in a random order with an overhead projector and Microsoft Office PowerPoint software. A three-way mixed-ANOVA was conducted to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that some regional differences exist between the two sample groups. However, regardless of the regional difference, hourglass shapes were perceived to be the most attractive shape and underweight sizes were perceived to be the most attractive size for both samples.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2020

This study provide basic data to develop a dress form reflecting body shape characteristics by age and to produce a 3D body form in a virtual fitting program. A comparative analysis was conducted on the size, section shape, and slope of side shape of the modeling form by the sizing of the basic female avatar in CLO 3D, one of the 3D apparel CAD programs and the body form of women in their 20s-50s by body shape in the 6th Size Korea (2010). First, all the differences were formed similarly in the direct measurements between the 3D avatar and the body form were within 1 mm. Second, in a comparison of the section form of the avatar and body form in Size Korea, the avatar was formed in straight body shape and did not reflect a spinal curvature according to age. As a result of an examination of the items with a difference over 5° in the slope of side shape, there were angle differences in numerous body shapes in the angles of the side upper abdomen, side upper back, and side upper bust, and the avatar's bust shape was expressed more flatly compared to body form. It will be possible to produce an avatar that can adequately reflect body shape characteristics by adding detailed length and angle items by the region like waist back length and front length in producing the avatar reflecting body shape characteristics, instead of a standard body shape.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.1153-1164
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to find out the creative visual expression in fashion illustration through the previous general theories on creativity. The creative visual expression, in fashion illustration works, can be summarized eight categories as follows. There are 'maximization & minimization'to emphasize the illustrators'emotions and contemporary trends, proposed specially in body expression, 'inversion' seen as the forms of contra-perspective, upside-down, rearrangement of parts, diverted process, etc, 'Unusual uses'to add the effect of caricature, parody, and humor to the fashion illustration works, 'extraordinary connection'seen as the shapes of various combination between animals, plants, stuff, and man, 'concealment & elimination'used frequently in creative visual expression includes a deformed human body, an abstracted human body, an extreme value contrast, simple colors, and dress in silhouette, 'association'seen in various methods; comparing the similar shapes, describing a certain situation or details for analogizing the whole, ‘illusion’ expressed in surreal, mysterious, and fairy depictions and 'substitution'to imitate the composition and colors of masterpieces, copy the parts.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.266-275
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• 2009

Variations of individual hip shapes are a major obstacle in pattern making for fitness. The drafting method is used for pattern making in today's apparel industry. Whilst catering to a limited number of information such as waist and hip sizes, this method does not cater to variations in hip shape. This paper describes the analysis of hip shapes using 3D body model and tries to make sure the relationship between hip shape and pattern by calculating hip angle and dart amount. We achieved results in analyzing various hip shapes by extracting hip angle. Moreover, various hip shapes can be divided into three types(A, B and C) by the hip angle value($K_{sh}-K_{wsh}$). When we use computerized draping method to make a personalized pattern for a tigth skirt, we easily create complex dart lines automatically. Therefore we achieve the result of individual dart amount such as distance between dart lines and dart areas. C type of hip shape had short dart length, long distance between dart lines and a large amount of dart area. On the other hand, A type had long dart length, short distance between dart lines and small amount of dart area. B type had long length and long distance between dart lines and large amount of dart area. In traditional pattern making, distance between dart lines is usually proportional to amount of dart area because of similarity in dart line shape. In our pattern, there is no proportional relationship between dart line distance and dart area. This means that variations in hip shapes result in a wide variety of dart line curvature resulting in a wide range of dart area. By ensuring an accurate relationship between hip shape and pattern, it is possible to make patterns which result in clothing that not only fits well, but also exhibits other desirable properties.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.364-380
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• 2024

This study aimed to identify changes in upper body measurements and body shape types among women over a 10-year period based on data from the 6th and 8th Size Korea Anthropometric Surveys. The study used regression analysis to explore the relationship between various dimensions, enabling the prediction of different upper body dimensions based on height and waist circumference. The sample consisted of 1,179 women in their 20s who participated in the 6th (2010) and 8th (2020) Size Korea Anthropometric Surveys, with 33 items analyzed. Initially, most items, except those related to height, exhibited larger values in the 8th Survey than in the 6th, suggesting a general increase in the upper body dimensions of females in their 20s over the 10-year period. Subsequent factor analysis revealed three factors crucial for determining the upper body shape of women in this age group. The body shapes were then categorized into four distinct clusters. Regression analysis indicated that both waist circumference and height significantly influence most of the measured items, with waist circumference having a more substantial impact in most models. Through this research, we aim to provide foundational data that reflects the evolving upper body shapes of women in their 20s to enhance clothing production and improve the sizing system.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.155-166
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic information about the elderly women's lower body type and anthropometric data by direct and indirect measurements, and to provide well fitting skirt patterns of each body types. Direct and indirect measurements were taken from 202 women, whose ages were between 60 and 79. Using statistical analysis, the lower body shapes of elderly women were classified into four following categories - \circled1 thin type, \circled2 typical type, \circled3 corpulence type and \circled4 corpulence but forward inclining type. Methods of modifying basic skirt patterns for each body types were suggested.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.1024-1040
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• 2014

The theoretical background and a numerical solution procedure for a time domain hydroelastic code are presented in this paper. The code combines a VOF-based free surface flow solver with a flexible body motion solver where the body linear elastic deformation is described by a modal superposition of dry mode shapes expressed in a local floating frame of reference. These mode shapes can be obtained from any finite element code. The floating frame undergoes a pseudo rigid-body motion which allows for a large rigid body translation and rotation and fully preserves the coupling with the local structural deformation. The formulation relies on the ability of the flow solver to provide the total fluid action on the body including e.g. the viscous forces, hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces, slamming forces and the fluid damping. A numerical simulation of a flexible barge is provided and compared to experiments to show that the VOF-based flow solver has this ability and the code has the potential to predict the global hydroelastic responses accurately.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2007

Photographic measurement was first made with the subjects of 190 males in their 20s residing in the Ningbo area, Zhejiang Province in China. In this second report, lower body shapes were classified and discriminated by using indirect measurement, measurement items, and lower body analysis. The following sums up the research: 1. The subjects were $8.85^{\circ}$ (hip breadth angle), $1.58^{\circ}$ (abdomen upper angle), $11.80^{\circ}$ (hip upper angle), and $5.12^{\circ}$ (lateral lower body posture angle). 2. The subjects of Chinese males in their 20s showed three types of lower bodies: Bow Legs & Slight Slant of Lateral Lower Body Type (30.5%)-gap between legs, curve waist-hip contour, average abdomen-hip profile, and lateral lower body posture were slightly slanted forward. Adjacent Straight Legs & Slight Slant of Lateral Lower Body Type (35.8%)-adjacent straight between legs, curve waist-hip contour, slim abdomen-hip profile, and lateral lower body posture were slightly slanted forward. Balance Legs & Large Slant of Lateral Lower Body Type (33.7%)-average between legs, straight waist-hip contour, protruding hip profile, and lateral lower body posture were largely slanted forward. 3. Eight useful variables for the categorization of the subjects' lower body types were chosen through stepwise discriminant analysis, and the hit ratio of discrimination was 97.9%.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2016

This study is a preliminary study to suggest a distinguished fitted sloper according to body types. To this end, this study classified body types of men in their 20s in an attempt to examine the characteristics of each type. A total of 842 adult men of age 20 to 29 were studied by using the direct measurement data taken in the 6th Size Korea. The subjects' body types were classified based on 48 measurements. We extracted a total of six factors that characterized the body types of adult men in their 20s: horizontal size, vertical length, shoulder development, trunk area length, hip area length and shoulder slope. Result of the cluster analysis, the body shapes of men in their 20s were classified into four types. We developed the overlapped silhouettes for each of the four body types and compared the front and side shapes to clearly identify the differences of each body types. The findings of this study indicated that Korean adult men in their 20s can be classified into the big inverted triangular type that represents healthy and muscular men, the small inverted triangular type that represents short and skinny men, the triangular type that represents men with abdominal obesity, and the rectangular type that represents men that are fat overall, with a fairly even distribution of each body type.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.495-503
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• 2020

This study classified lower body shape according to thigh and waist shape to improve the fit of skinny blue jeans in adult women in their 20s. We analyzed the three-dimensional automatic measurement data, three-dimensional indirect measurement data, and index data using the three-dimensional female (20-29 years old) body scan data provided by Size Korea (6^th Korean Human Dimensional Survey Project). Factor analysis was performed to classify body type. We selected and analyzed 34 items related to thigh shape based on index items, angle items, and protrusion amount items from 99 items; consequently, seven factors were extracted and 82.39% of the total variance was explained. Cluster analysis according to factor analysis classified it into 4 types, and a post-test Duncan test was conducted to classify thigh features according to classified types. As a result, the characteristics of lower body shape according to the thigh types of women in their 20s are as follows. Lower Body Type 1 is shape with a more prominent belly and less prominent thighs. Lower Body Type 2 is a slender body figure with larger hips. Lower Body Type 3 has more prominent thighs compared to the waist and belly. Lower Body Type 4 has both a prominent belly and prominent thighs.