• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.319-326
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• 1997

This study was to investigate the level of serum lipids and obesity in housewives in Mooan, and relationships between them. The average age, height and weight were 51.1 years, 154.3cm and 58.3kg respectively. The level of obesity of subjects was higher than that of housewives in other areas investigated in other studies. BMI and RBW underestimated in the obese compared to BIA. The amounts of lean body mass and total body water of subjects above 60 years old were smaller than those of forties and their BMI and RBW were lower than those of forties. However, their body fat percentage was nearly same as that of forties. Serum HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C) of subjects was lower than 55mg/㎗, the lower limit of normal range. Triglyceride of subjects above 60years old was higher than the 95th percentile of those of the same age with reference to Mayo clinic. The serum total cholesterol(TC) showed positive correlation with LDL-cholesterol(LDL-C) and TC/HDL-C(p<0.001). LDL-C showed positive correlation with TC(p<0.001), but negative correlation with HDL-C(p<0.05). HDL-C showed negative correlation with triglyceride(p<0.05). TC/HDL-C showed a positive correlation with triglyceride(p<0.05). HDL-C was the serum lipid which showed the highest correlation with obesity and body composition. It showed a negative correlation with the percentage of body fat(p<0.001), total body fat(p<0.001), BMI(p< 0.05) and RBW(p<0.05). TC/HDL-C showed positive correlation with the percentage of body fat(p<0.01) and total body fat(p<0.05). As the result of above, it is needed to make more researches to find out the proper method to estimate the obesity of subjects and educate subjects in Mooan about nutritional information for obesity.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a aquatic exercise program on body mass index, body fat percentage and skeletal muscle mass, physical fitness using SFT (senior fitness test) and depression in elderly women. Methods: This study included 59 elderly women. Aquatics exercise program was performed three times per week for 12 weeks using rating of perceived exertion and body mass index, body fat percentage, skeletal muscle mass, physical fitness and depression were measured before and after exercise program. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test. Results: Body mass index (p=.002) and body fat percentage (p=.021) were significantly decreased after aquatic exercise program. Chair stand (p=.009), 2 minute step test (p<.001), back scratch (p<.001), and chair sit and reach (p<.001) were significantly increased after the aquatic exercise program. But, there was no significant differences in the depression. Conclusion: It is suggested the aquatic exercise program may play a significant role in improving body fat and physical fitness in the elderly women. However, as well as aquatic exercise program, sustained encouragement are required to improve physical and psychological traits.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.526-537
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to compare the anthropometry and nutrition knowledge, food behaviour and lifestyle of women college students with different obesity indexes. The subjects were 251 women college students who were randomly selected from Kunsan National University. The height, body weight, soft/lean mass, fat mass, percentage of body fat, and fat distribution were measured, and health-related lifestyle habits were evaluated based on questionnaires. The subjects were assigned to one of the following groups based on their Body Mass Index (BMI) : underweight, normal weight and overweight. The results were as follows. Their body weight, soft/lean mass, fat mass, percentage of body fat, and fat distribution were significantly higher in the overweight subjects when compared to the underweight or normal weight subjects. Standard of living, self-recognition of health status and duration of exercise were significantly correlated with their BMIs. Self-satisfaction with body weight decreased as the BMI increased. Most subjects had poor habits such as skipping meals and lack of exercises. The overweight and the underweight groups skipped meals more frequently than the normal weight group. There were no significant differences in the scores on the nutritional knowledge and the dietary behaviour of the subjects with different BMIs. Therefore, proper nutritional education on regular meals and intervention are required if women college students are to have normal weights and healthy lifestyles. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(4) L: 526∼537, 2003)

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.185-196
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• 1994

The prevalence of obesity by measuring the amount of body fat and its related factors were investigated in 315 high school girls living in Seoul. Average body fat amount and body fat percentage measured by the body impedance analysis were 14.2$\pm$5.2kg and 25.9$\pm$7.0% respectively. Mean body mass index(BMI) was 2.1$\pm$2.7kg/m2 and 6.7% of the subjects showed over 25kg/m2 Correlative analysis reveal that the body fat percentage was significantly correlated to both relative body weight and BMI(r=0.66, P<0.01, r=0.68, P<0.01) Relative body weight of the subjects showed positive correlation to those of their mother and father. It was shown that many students skipped breakfast often and did not have a pleasant meal with enough time. There was no relationship between adiposity and dietary nutrient or energy intake. When subgroups of the subjects attending a non-vocational high school and those attending a vocational or technical school were compared obesity was more prevalent in the former. Therefore the burden caused by preparing the university entrance examination seems to play an important role in fat deposition.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.261-271
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• 2006

To study the correlation with increasing body fat mass for the Standard Guideline for Korean Dietary Life, a nationwide, cross-sectional survey was performed with 178 male college students in december 2005. Among the student subjects, 76 were analyzed for body protein mass, body mineral mass, body fat mass, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio(WHR), body mass index(BMI) and obesity degree using Inbody 3.0(Biospace Co, Seoul, Korea). Body protein mass was at a high level of 92.1%, body mineral mass was at a low level of 94.7%. Body fat mass was at a high level of 28.9%, percent body fat was at a high level of 37.3%, WHR was at a high level of 31.6%, and obesity degree was at a high level of 38.2%, BMI was at a high level of 24.3% and BMR was observed at a high level of 41.8%. WHR was correlated with '7. Prepare food proper amount sanitarily.' and obesity degree, while BMl was were correlated with '4. Increase movement and eat proper amount.' positively. BMR was correlated with '6. Enjoy 3 meal a day regularly.' ArmCircle was correlated with '4. Increase movement and eat proper amount.' and fitness score was corrected with '4. Increase movement and eat proper amount', and '8. Enjoy Korean rice food style.' positively. Body protein mass and body mineral mass were negatively correlated with fruit, ArmCircle was positively correlated with fish, obesity degree was positively correlated with soup and BMI and ArmCircle were positively correlated with sweet. '8. Enjoy Korean rice food style.' was negatively significantly correlated with overweight, over percentage body fat, obesity degree > 120 and BMI. Male students were not practicing the Standard Guideline for Korean Dietary Life well with an average score of 37.7%. However, male students who are within the normal range of body composition analysis value have to notice that over range of weight, protein, percentage body fat, WHI and obesity degree was observed above average score of 30%.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 1993

The purpose of this paper it to investigate the differences in prevalence of obesity and body fat distribution on the variances of age. Height, weight, skinfold thickness and girth circumference on about 422 women residing in Cheju, Korea were surveyed. The results of analysis of the survey are as follows : 1) All the antropometric measurements except height were shown to increase with age. Weight is at its highest level between the age of 50-59. The measurement of skinfold thickness and girth circumference between the ages of 20-39 of the female subjects are significantly higher than the above 40's. However, there is no significant difference among the middle aged women. 2) Physical indices tend to increase according to age. Both BMI and RBW of women in their 50's are at their highest values, however, the index values of the women in their 60's decreased slightly (p<0.05). On the contrary, there is no significant difference in the percentage of body fat and total body fat content among the middle aged women surveyed. 3) According to this survey, 15.6% of the 422 subjects are assessed as being obese ; more specifically 4.4% of women in their 20's, 12.6% in 30's, 25.6% in 40's, 22.5% in 50's and 17.3% in 60's. 4) 39.4% among obese women proved to be upper body type women. Because the frequency of upper body type women became higher as the obese women aged, there is possibility that the pattern of fat distribution can change. 5) Weight is the most highly correlated with BMI(r=0.91), whereas weight as correlated with RBW, percentage of BF and WHR are 0.8, 0.66 and 0.44 respectfully. The conclusion of this survey is that it is better to estimate the value of total body fat and percentage of body fat than the value of BMI in the analysis of prevalence of obesity and its related factors of middle aged women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.10-18
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• 1977

Activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in adipose tissue, accumulation of carcass fat, and serum triglyceride have been determined in meal-fed (MF) and ad libitum-fed (AD) rats. At each feeding frequency, the animals received diets providing total fat as 15% or 30% of calories and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as 2.5% or 11% of calories. The food intake of the MF rats was 75% of that consumed by the AD rats but MF rat utilized their food more efficiently, as evidenced by weight gain per 100 Kcal consumed. Meal feeding, as contrasted to ad libitum feeding, resulted in greater activities of both LPL and HSL. This suggested a higher turnover of fat in the adipose tissue of MF rats. In AD rats, body fat was significantly correlated with LPL and the ratio of LPL/HSL. Meal feeding significantly increased the ratio of LPL/HSL, indicating a greater capacity for energy storage and fat deposition in the MF rat. However, at the limited caloric intake, MF rats failed to realize this potential; there was no significant difference in percentage of body fat at the two feeding frequencies. Body fat deposition was greater in rats fed the 30% fat diet, as compared with the 15% diet, regardless of the rate of food ingestion. This was coupled with a higher ratio of LPL/HSL. The significant correlation of serum triglycerides with body fat and with the ratio of LPL/HSL in AD rats suggests that LPL activity and fat deposition may be controlled by the concentration of circulating triglycerides. Both serum triglycerides and adipose LPL activity were significantly reduced when the diet contained high levels of PUFA. The percentage of body fat was also lower in animals whose intake of PUFA was high.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2001

This study examined the age-related patterns in body composition cross-sectionally using Segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis(SBIA), specifically its two components, lean body mass(LBM) and body fat mass, in 1,452 men and 1,436 women with an age range of 19 to over 70 years . Mean height of male subjects was 174.1cm at peak in early 20's and was decreased continuously 0.2-0.3 cm every year. Mean weight was greatest between late 20's and 40's, and was decreased quickly in 70's. Body fat mass was increased steadily before 30's and remained thereafter. Because decreasing lean body mass (LBM), percentage of body fat(PBF) increased continuously with aging. Mean height of female subjects was 161.7 cm at peak in 20's and was decreased steadily around 0.2 cm every year and thus an individual's height was decreased approximately 10 cm in their life cycle. Body weight was increased steadily until 50's and then was decreased. Body fat mass was increased continuously and LBM remained constant and thus PBF was increased steadily with aging. SBIA can be used to compare body composition between genders and between ages. In future studies, SBIA could be applied widely to evaluate variations of body composition in subjects with different nutritional problems.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2004

Objectives : This cross-sectional study aimed to quantify the relationship between the bone mineral density at the os calcis and the body mass composition in healthy children. Methods : The areal bone mineral density was measured at the os calcis with peripheral dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The fat free mass, fat mass and percentage fat mass were measured using bioelectric impedance, in 237 Korean children, aged 9 to 12 years. The sexual maturity was determined by self assessment, using standardized series of the 5 Tanner stage drawings, accompanied by explanatory text. Results : From multiple linear regression models, adjusted for age, sexual maturity and height, the fat free mass was found to be the best predictor of the calcaneal bone mineral density in both sexes. About 15 and 20% variabilities were found in the calcaneal bone mineral densities of the boys and girls, respectively, which can be explained by the fat free mass. After weight adjustment, the percentage fat mass was negatively associated with the calcaneal bone mineral density in both sexes. Conclusions : The findings of this study suggest that the fat free mass, among the body compositions, is the major determinant of bone mineral density at the os calcis in Korean children aged 9 to 12 years. Obesity, defined as the percentage fat mass, is assumed to have a negative effect on the calcaneal bone density in children of the same weight.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1982

최근 육계의 체지방 과다축적현상은 큰 문제로 되어 있다. 이는 육계가 생리적요구량 이상으로 에너지를 섭취하기 때문에 일어난 현상이다. 많은 문헌들을 종합하여 보면 육계의 품종, 계통, 성, 연령, 사료조건, 운동정도, 환경온도 및 사육방법 등이 체내 지폐축적에 영향을 미치는 요인인 것 같다. 이들 요인들은 지방조직의 지방세포의 수와 크기를 좌우하는 것이 다. 육계를 도살하지 않고 체내 지방축적량을 추정하기 위한 여러 가지 생체조사측정치 중에서 흉부우역의 피층두께와 그의 지방함률이 복강지방량과 비교적 높은 상관을 보이고 있지만, 이들의 상관계수는 체지방량 추정에 이용할 수 있을 정도로 높은 것은 아니다. 대부분의 보고들은 체중이 큰 쪽으로 선발해 나갈 때 주어진 일령에서 체지방량도 증가되고 있으나 일부 보고들을 보면 체중 위주의 선발을 하여가도 같은 체중에선 지방축적량에 변화가 없다. 한편 사료효율이 좋은 쪽으로 선발하여 갈 경우는 체지방 축적량이 줄어들고 반대로 단백질과 수분함량이 높아진다. 따라서 체중위주의 선발이 반드시 포만 현상을 초래한다고 결론하기는 어려우나, 사료효율 개선방향의 선발은 포만현상을 완화시킨다고 결론할 수 있을 것 같다.