• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2015

Edible berries are rich in anthocyanins and phenolic acids, compounds that possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other biological activities. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of five berries including acaiberry (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), Aronia/black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa), blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium), black currant (Ribes nigrum L.), and cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) were assessed. The Aronia G (prepared by GreenField s.c.) exhibited the highest antioxidant activities as shown in total phenolic (138.81 mg CAE/g), flavonoid (3.68 mg QE/g), and anthocyanin (20.31 mg/g) contents compared to the other berries. It also showed the strongest scavenging activities such as DPPH (69.69 mg vitamin C/g) and ABTS radical scavenging activity ($757.79{\mu}mol$ trolox/g). Aronia G exhibited strong ferric reducing antioxidant power ($553.98{\mu}mol$ vitamin C/g), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity ($820.92{\mu}mol$ trolox/g). In addition, black currant and Aronia showed stronger inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell than the other berries. According to the above results, the Aronia and other edible berries have notably high level of antioxidant activities and they could be used as a potential source of natural antioxidants.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.121-121
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• 2019

In Islamic dietary guidelines, Halal foods are allowed as edible blessed food. Most foods were categorized within halal for Muslims. The main point of Halal food is that foods are clean in every process and based on Halal standard which might be different in each country. Most pancreatic ${\beta}$ cells synthetize, store, and release insulin. Specific molecular, functional as well as ultrastructural traits of pancreatic ${\beta}$ cells could control their insulin secretion properties and survival phentoype. Insulin-secreting pancreatic ${\beta}$-cells are essential regulators of mammalian metabolism. In addition, the pancreatic ${\beta}$ cell plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes as improving glucose homeostasis by preserving, expanding and improving the function of this key cell type. However, the pharmacological effect of halal food has not been unclear yet, especially food habit-dependent diabetes. The aim of the this study was to determine the preventive effect of Iran plants extract (Almond, Garlic, Cumin, Ginkgo biloba, Holy basil, Psyllium, Satureja khuzistanica, Fenugreek, Green tea, Ipomoea betatas, Blueberry) on RINm5F cells and MIN6 cells as pancreatic ${\beta}$ cell line. The cytotoxicity of the extracts of Iran plants on RINm5F cells and MIN6 cells were measured by using MTT assays. The preventive effects of Iran plant extracts were measured by WST-8 cell proliferation assay on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cell death in MIN6 cells. In presented result showed that all extract of Iran plants (0.01-10mg/ml) did not show cytotoxicity in RINm5F cells and MIN6 cells. Among non-cytotoxic extract, the protective effects could be detect in high dose concentration. These results suggest that the extract of Iran plants may serve as a potential therapy for diabetes.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant and intracellular anti-inflammatory efficacy of blueberry leaf extracted with hot water (BLW), 70% ethanol (BLE), and 70% acetone (BLA) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of blueberry leaf extracts, RAW 264.7 macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce the production of inflammation-related factors, which were measure by Western blotting and real-time PCR methods. i-NOS, COX-2 protein, and mRNA expression showed concentration-dependent decrease. The decreases in the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) were concentration-dependent. Further, the antioxidant effects of blueberry leaf on total polyphenol contents, electron donating ability and $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity were evaluated. The total polyphenol contents of BLW, BLE, and BLA were $217.04{\pm}2.98$, $156.72{\pm}3.90$, and $182.88{\pm}3.02mg\;TAE/g$, respectively, while the electron donating abilities at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ of BLW, BLE, and BLA were 81.7, 79.6, and 79.3%, respectively. The $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity was fond to be concentration dependent. The nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition activities at $50{\mu}g/mL$ of BLW, BLE, and BLA were 35.1, 42.4 and 42.7%, respectively. In conclusion, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory test results indicate that blueberry leaf extracts (BLW, BLE, and BLA) can be used as potential anti-inflammatory agents.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2017

Vaccinium angustifolium, commonly known as the lowbush blueberry, is a rich source of flavonoids, with which various human physiological activities have been associated. The present study focuses on the investigation of the effect of the methanolic extract of V. angustifolium root extract (VAE) on high affinity immunoglobulin E receptor ($Fc{\varepsilon}RI$) ${\alpha}$ chain antibody (CRA-1)-induced allergic reaction in human basophilic KU812F cells. The total phenolic content of VAE was found to be $170{\pm}1.9mg$ gallic acid equivalents/g. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the cell surface expression of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ was suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner upon culture with VAE. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the mRNA level of the $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ ${\alpha}$ chain was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner as a result of VAE treatment. Western blot analysis revealed that the protein expression of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 were concentration-dependently inhibited by VAE. We determined that VAE inhibited anti-CRA-1-induced histamine release, in addition to the elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ([$Ca^{2+}$]i), in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that VAE may exert an anti-allergic effect via the inhibition of calcium influx and histamine release, which occurs as a result of the down-regulation of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ expression through inhibition of ERK 1/2 activation.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.273-280
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• 2016

We investigated the contents of total phenols, anthocyanins, carotenoids and the antioxidant capacity of black carrot, black currant, acaiberry, black raspberry, and blueberry. We also examined the physical and organoleptic characteristics of pudding with added black carrot extract following 7 days of storage. Black carrot and black raspberry had the highest total phenols. Blueberry contained the highest anthocyanins and black currant equaled black carrot in carotenoids. Anti-oxidant capacity measured by 1,1-diphenyl-1,2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethyl-benthiazolin-6-sulfonic acid was highest in black raspberry and black currant followed closely by black carrot. In pudding, redness was increased and blueness decreased by adding black carrot extract, but the trend was partially reversed during 7-day storage due to oxidation of the anthocyanins, which are stable in acid situation. As black carrot extract contents were increased, pH value decreased. The pudding's hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness were optimal with 7.5 % black carrot extract. In conclusion, black carrot is moderately rich in anthocyanins and phenolic compounds. In pudding adding 7.5 % black carrot extract was optimal for organoleptic qualities. However, additional studies are needed to develop methods for protecting anthocyanins from breaking-down during storage of back carrot pudding.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.741-750
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• 2016

The acai berry (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) contains vitamin B complex, vitamin C, anthocyanin and so on. Especially acai berry was seen as nutritionally comparable to blueberry and related berries. The acai berry has significant aging-reducing properties. Compounds have been found to have anti-aging and antioxidant components. Acai berry was extracted with 70% methanol, 70% ethanol and CM (chloroform:methanol=2:1, v/v). After sample and reagents of each experiment was reacted, DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, reducing power were measured to determine the antioxidant capacity, and as results of comparing each extract. Ethanol (70%) extraction was measured highest. Anthocyanin, total phenol, flavonoid also appeared similar to the results. In addition, the antioxidant activities of the extraction solvents were increased significantly with increasing concentrations, but showed lower antioxidant activity than the positive control (ascorbic acid). As a result, antioxidant activities of sample supposed to affect by the anthocyanin, phenol and flavonoid contents.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.102-102
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• 2019

Soybean curd residue (SCR), known as a major waste product of soybean processing, is the water-insoluble fraction which is removed by filtration during soymilk production. For these reasons, SCR was usually considered as food waste. SCR might have a good potential as a functional food material, value-added processing and utilization. SCR contains high-quality protein and consists of a good source of nutrients, including protein, oil, dietary fiber, minerals, along with un-specified monosaccharides and oligosaccharides. Also, SCR might be a potential source of low cost protein for human consumption. However, SCR could be a source of bacterial contamination when during food processing. This study was aimed to investigate antibacterial capacity of natural product through detecting relationship between SCR and microbial. We isolated five bacterial strains from SCR and elucidated antibacterial activity of nature medicines to extend storage capacity of food made with SCR. Thus, the extract which showed antibacterial effects in Corynebacterium calloonae and Raoultella amithinolytica is a combination of seven kinds of extracts: Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cudrania tricuspidata, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, blueberry, Acorus gramineus, Ginkgo biloba L., Camellia sinensis. This study suggested that antibacterial activities of natural medicines could be used for extension of storage capacity in SCR-contained food.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1321-1328
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• 2019

Intermediate-wavelength solar radiation, also known as ultraviolet B (UVB: 290-320 nm) radiation, may cause premature aging and oxidative damage-dependent skin cancer in humans. UVB-induced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-often a consequence of excessive exposure to these rays-could activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as MMP-1 and MMP-3. These enzymes break down type I collagen in human fibroblasts. In this study, we assessed the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of ethyl acetate extract of blueberry (EEB). An antioxidant test in blueberries evaluated ROS production using CCD-986sk cells and DPPH assay. In order to evaluate the anti-wrinkle efficacy of blueberries, the MMP-1 production and type 1 procollagen synthesis evaluated and the expression of MMP 1, 3 were tested through Western blot and RT- PCR. EEB exhibited 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reduced the production of UVB-induced ROS. Also, EEB inhibited UVB-induced processes associated with photoaging and skin cancer, such as reduction in procollagen production and increase in MMP-1 production. More precisely, EEB (50 ㎍/ml) markedly suppressed mRNA and protein levels of MMP-1 and -3. The anti-aging effects are attributable to the antioxidant activity of EEB. These findings indicate that EEB has a protective effect against UVB-induced aging in human fibroblast cells by regulating the levels of type-1 procollagen, MMP-1, and MMP-3.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.15-25
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• 2019

The effect of blueberries on the quality characteristics of strawberry jam substituted with 50% sugar, glucose syrup 10% was investigated. Strawberry jams with 5, 10 and 20% blueberries in place of strawberry were prepared and evaluated for moisture content, reducing sugar, total acidity, pH, color, total sugar (°Brix), pectin content, anthocyanin content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, texture analysis and sensory characteristics. As the amount of blueberries increased, total acidity, °Brix , reducing sugar content and anthocyanin content of jams increased, while pH decreased, moisture content has changed little. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of the 80% methanol extract from jams were 75.33%, 85.75%, 91.23% and 92.73% at a concentration of 8 mg/mL. Radical scavenging activity increased with the added concentration of blueberries. The lightness decreased with addition of blueberries, but the redness and yellowness increased. The sensory scores for jams increased with the increase of blueberry content; however, strawberry jams with 10% blueberries showed the best scores.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2013

Polar pesticides like pymetrozine (log $P_{ow}$: -0.18) are known to be difficult to analyze. The analytical method of pymetrozine using hydromatrix included in the official method of KFDA was uncommon and provided ambiguous evidence to confirm both the identity and the quantity. Therefore, precise single residue analytical method was developed in representative crops for using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The pymetrozine residue was extracted with methanol from 11 representative crops which comprised apple, blueberry, broccoli, cabbage, cherry, crown daisy, hulled rice, Korean cabbage, potato, rice and watermelon. The extract was purified serially by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and silica solid phase extraction (SPE). For rice and hulled rice samples, n-hexane partition was additionally adopted to remove nonpolar interferences, mainly lipids. The residue levels were analyzed by HPLC with DAD, using $C_8$ column. LOQ (limit of quantitation) of pymetroizinie was 1 ng (S/N > 10) and MQL (method quantitation limit) was 0.01 mg/kg. Mean recoveries from 11 crop samples fortified at three levels (MQL, 10 ${\times}$ MQL and 50 ${\times}$ MQL) in triplicate were in the range of 83.1~98.5% with coefficients of variation (CV) of less than 10%, regardless of sample type, which satisfies the criteria of KFDA. The method established in this study could be applied to most of crops as an official and general method for analysis of pymetrozine residue.