• Journal of Information Display
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2008

This paper reports that well-balanced white emission with three primary colors can be achieved with a simple white organic light-emitting diode (WOLED) structure of ITO / $\alpha$-NPD (50 nm) / $\alpha$-NPD: Btp2Ir(acac) (8 wt%, 6 nm) / $\alpha$-NPD (5 nm) / BCP (3 nm) / $Alq_3$: C545T (0.5 wt%, 10 nm) / $Alq_3$ (40 nm) / LiF (0.5 nm) / Al (100 nm). The external quantum efficiency of the device reached 3.8% at a current density (luminance) of 4.6 mA/$cm^2$ (310 cd/$m^2$), and the maximal luminance of the device reached 19,000 cd/$m^2$ at 11.5 V. The insignificant blue shift of the emitting color with an increasing current density can be attributed to the narrowing of the exciton formation zone width.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.74-75
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• 2009

White light emitting device based on a red fluorescence material (5,6,11,12)-Tetraphenylnaphthacene(Rubrene) has been fabricated. The white OLED consists of it and a blue phosphorescent material FIrPic (iridum-bis(4,6,-difluorophenylpyridinato-N,C2)-picolinate) The threshold voltage is 5.3V, and the brightness reaches $1000\;cd/m^2$ at 11V, $14.5\;mA/cm^2$. The color of the light corresponds to a CIE coordinate of (0.30, 0.38). The highest efficiency of the device can reach 9.5 cd/A or 5.5 1m/W at 6V, $0.1mA/cm^2$.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2005

In this study, we designed color of tunable and high efficient organic materials using the quantum dynamics and the semi-empirical calculation, and applied this results to the fabrication of organic light-emitting diodes. Also we optimized the molecular structure of phosphorescent materials and the energy transfer from a host to a dye which makes organic light-emitting diodes improve. Using quantum dynamics method, the molecular structures of ligand only and the whole metal chelate were optimized, and these energy levels were calculated. From this test results, we could understand the emission mechanism of phosphors with various ligands as well as design the proper ligands reducing the T-T annihilation and the carrier lifetime. We also could design ligands with various colors using this test method.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2009년도 9th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.411-414
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• 2009

We report single and two-stacked WOLED. Two-stacked WOLED structure adopts fluorescent blue EML and phosphorescent (red+green) EML. Current efficiency, EQE and color coordinate of two-stacked WOLED are 54.5cd/A, 28.8% and CIExy (0.322, 0.345), respectively. Those of single WOLED are also 20cd/A, 10% and CIExy (0.29, 0.37), respectively. Dual-plate OLED Display (DOD) employing the single WOLED shows high aperture ratio up to 67% in 2-inch panel of which pixel size is equivalent to that of 32 inch Full HD.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2009년도 9th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.489-492
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• 2009

We report white OLED with high color temperature based on simple stacked structure for medical display applications. White OLED was fabricated with two emitting materials of fluorescent blue dopant and phosphorescent yellow dopant. We achieved luminance efficiency of 16.2cd/A and CIE color coordinates of (0.305, 0.317) at 10mA/$cm^2$. In particular, the correlated color temperature was higher than 7,000K, enough for display applications.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.124-127
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• 2010

We have fabricated organic white light emitting device by two colors from yellow fluorescence material (5,6,11,12)-Tetraphenylnaphthacene(Rubrene) and blue phosphorescent material (iridum-bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridinato-N,C2)-picolinate(FIrpic). The threshold voltage is 5.3 V, and the brightness reaches 1000 cd/$m^2$ at 11 V, 14.5 mA/$m^2$. The color of the light corresponds to a CIE coordinate of (0.30, 0.38). The highest efficiency of the device can reach 9.5 cd/A or 5.5 lm/W at 6 V, 0.1 mA/$m^2$.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.11.2-11.2
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• 2011

Polymer based organic photovoltaics have attracted a great deal of attention due to the potential cost-effectiveness of light-weight and flexible solar cells. However, most BHJ polymer solar cells are not thermally stable as subsequent exposure to heat drives further development of the morphology towards a state of macrophase separation in the micrometer scale. Here we would like to show three different approaches for developing new electroactive polymers to improve the thermal stability of the BHJ solar cells, which is a critical problem for the commercialization of these solar cells. For one of the examples, we report a new series of functionalized polythiophene (PT-x) copolymers for use in solution processed organic photovoltaics (OPVs). PT-x copolymers were synthesized from two different monomers, where the ratio of the monomers was carefully controlled to achieve a UV photo-crosslinkable layer while leaving the ${\pi}-{\pi}$ stacking feature of conjugated polymers unchanged. The crosslinking stabilizes PT-x/PCBM blend morphology preventing the macro phase separation between two components, which lead to OPVs with remarkably enhanced thermal stability. The drastic improvement in thermal stabilities is further characterized by microscopy as well as grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS). In the second part of talk, we will discuss the use of block copolymers as active materials for WOLEDs in which phosphorescent emitter isolation can be achieved. We have exploited the use of triarylamine (TPA) oxadiazole (OXA) diblock copolymers (TPA-b-OXA), which have been used as host materials due to their high triplet energy and charge-transport properties enabling a balance of holes and electrons. Organization of phosphorescent domains in TPA-b-OXA block copolymers is demonstrated to yield dual emission for white electroluminescence. Our approach minimizes energy transfer between two colored species by site isolation through morphology control, allowing higher loading concentration of red emitters with improved device performance. Furthermore, by varying the molecular weight of TPA-b-OXA and the ratio of blue to red emitters, we have investigated the effect of domain spacing on the electroluminescence spectrum and device performance.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.473-477
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 인광물질을 포함하는 조명용 백색 LED를 이용한 가시광 통신 시스템의 변조 대역폭을 늘리기 위한 등화기를 설계하고 실험적으로 결과를 보였다. 등화기의 성능을 분석하기 위한 해석적 방법으로 회로 시뮬레이터인 PSpice를 이용하였다. 등화기는 저항과 커패시터를 이용한 수동필터와 증폭기를 이용한 능동필터의 조합으로 구성하였다. 등화기를 수신단에 적용함으로써 3.5 MHz 부근의 인광성 백색 LED 변조 대역폭이 청색 광학필터를 사용하지 않고도 25 MHz 까지 확장되었다. 상용화된 라운드형 백색 LED 1개와 PIN형 광 다이오드 1개를 이용하여 구현한 가시광 통신 시스템에서 진폭편이변조 방식으로 변조된 LED의 가시광 신호는 1미터 거리에서 35 Mbit/s 데이터 전송률을 보였다. 이때의 비트 에러율은 $7.6{\times}10^{-4}$이었으며 이는 순방향 오류 정정의 한계인 $3.8{\times}10^{-3}$ 이하를 만족하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.2754-2758
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• 2009

Three novel phosphorescent 2-phenylpyridine-based iridium(III) complexes, $[(ppy)_2Ir(P\^{}N)]PF6\;(1),\;[(dfppy)_2Ir(P\^{}N)]PF_6$ (2), and $[(dfmppy)_2 Ir(P\^{}N)]PF6$ (3), where $P\^{}N$ = 2-[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]pyridine (dppmp), were synthesized and characterized. The absorption, photoluminescence, cyclic voltammetry and thermal stability of the complexes were investigated. The complexes showed bright blue luminescences at wavelengths of 448 $\sim$ 500 nm at room temperature in $CHCl_3$ and revealed that the $\pi$-acceptor ability of the phosphorous atom in the ancillary dppmp ligand plays an important role in tuning emission color resulting in a blue-shift emission. The single crystal structure of $[(dfmppy))_2Ir(P\^N)]PF_6$ was determined using X-ray crystallography. The iridium metal center adopts a distorted octahedral structure coordinated to two dfmppy and one dppmp ligand, showing cis C-C and trans N-N chelate dispositions. There is a $\pi-\pi$ overlap between π electrons delocalized in the difluorophenyl rings.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.983-987
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• 2010

In order to investigate the emission characteristics of the phosphorescent white organic light-emitting diodes (PHWOLEDs) according to various hole transport layers (HTLs), PHWOLEDs composed of HTLs whose structure are NPB/TCTA, NPB/mCP and NPB/TCTA/mCP, two emissive layers (EMLs) which emit two-wavelengths of light (blue and red), and electron transport layer were fabricated. The applied voltage, power efficiency, and external quantum efficiency at a current density of $1 mA/cm^2$ for the fabricated PHWOLEDs were 7.5 V, 11.5 lm/W, and 15%, in case of NPB/mCP, 5 V, 14.8 lm/W, and 13.7%, in case of NPB/TCTA, and 5.5 V, 14.6 lm/W, and 15%, in case of NPB/TCTA/mCP in the hole transport layer, respectively. High emission efficiency can be obtained when the amount of hole injection from anode is balanced out by the amount of electron injection from the cathode to EML by using NPB/TCTA/mCP structured HTL.