• 공업화학
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.742-748
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• 2019

Influence of several experimental parameters (e.g., initial dye concentration, pH, distance between electrodes, applied voltage, electrical conductivity, current density, and reaction time) on the performance of electrocoagulation (EC) process for the removal of acid blue 25 (AB25) was studied. A bipolar batch reactor was used to test the impact of the parameters. The removal efficiency (RE) of AB25 dye was promoted by increasing the contact time, voltage, electrical conductivity, and applied current density. In contrast, RE of AB25 decreased with higher level of AB25 and the longer distance between electrodes. The removal efficiency increased consistently until pH 7, but decreased above pH 7. The maximum efficiency of AB25 removal above 90% was obtained at a voltage of 60 V, reaction time of 90 min, distance between electrodes of 0.5 cm, initial concentration of 25 mg/L, conductivity of 3,000 μS/cm and pH of 7. These results imply that the high RE of AB25 dye from the aqueous solution can be achieved by EC process.

• Carbon letters
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2014

Wastewater from textile industries is a major cause of water pollution in most developing countries. In order to address the issues of water pollution and high cost for treatment processes, the use of an inexpensive and environmentally benign adsorbents has been studied. The objective was to find a better alternative to the conventional methods. Lemon grass waste (ash) collected from a lemon grass stream distillation subunit in Bhutan was tested for dye removal from aqueous solutions. The study investigated the removal of methylene blue using the following operational parameters: initial concentration (100-600 mg/L), contact time, adsorbent dose (0.1-0.55 gm/100 mL), and pH (3-10). It was found that the percentage removal of dye increased with a decrease of the initial concentration and increased contact time and dose of adsorbent. The basic pH solution of dye showed better adsorption capacity as compared to the acidic dye solution. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were fitted to the data well. Data fitted better to Lagergren pseudo 2nd order kinetics than a 1st order kinetic model. Surface morphology was also examined via scanning electron microscopy. An elemental analysis was also carried out and the chemical composition and functional groups were analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques, respectively. The obtained results indicate that lemon grass ash could be employed as a low cost alternative to commercial activated carbon in wastewater treatment for the removal of dyes.

• 공업화학
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.210-216
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• 2015

석탄계 입상 활성탄을 사용하여 수용액으로부터 brilliant blue FCF 염료의 흡착에 대해 조사하였다. 회분식 실험은 흡착제의 양, 초기농도와 접촉시간과 온도를 흡착변수로 사용하여 수행하였다. 흡착평형자료는 Langmuir, Freundlich 및 Temkin 식을 사용하여 해석한 결과 Freundlich 식이 가장 좋은 일치도를 나타냈다. 평가된 Freundlich 상수(1/n = 0.129~0.212)로부터 이 흡착공정이 적절한 처리방법이 될 수 있음을 알았다. 흡착속도실험자료를 유사일차 및 유사이차 반응속도식에 적용해 본 결과는 유사이차반응속도식에 잘 맞는 것으로 나타났다. 음수값의 Gibbs 자유에너지(-4.81~-10.33 kJ/mol)와 양수값의 엔탈피(+78.59 kJ/mol)는 흡착이 자발적이고 흡열공정으로 진행된다는 것을 나타냈다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.40-46
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• 1985

구핵부가형 반응성 염료인 C.I. Reactivo Blue 19와 산성 염료인 C.I. Acid Blue 138로 각각 견을 평형염착시켜 온도 및 pH에 따른 염착량 및 고착량을 구하여 각 조건에서의 염착거동을 비교 검토하였다. 1) 염착은 pH 및 온도가 낮을수록 양염료 모두 증가하였고, 반응성 염료인 경우, pH 8.5, 7$0^{\circ}C$에서 최대 고착량을 나타내었다. 2) 산성인 경우 반응성 염료는 산성 염료와 같은 거동을 나타내었다. 3) 산성 및 반응성 염료인 KL은 pH의 감소에 따라 증가하였고, Kp는 전자인 경우 증가, 후자인 경우 감소하였다. 4) 온도가 상승할수록 양염료 모두 KL은 감소하였고, 표준친화력은 증가하였다. 5) 산성 및 반응성 염료의 염착반응은 발열반응이고 표준엔트로피는 정의 값을 나타내었다. 6) 강산성측에서는 산성 반응성 염료 모두 Langmuir형 미착과 Nernst형 미착의 합으로 나타낼 수 있다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.619-627
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• 2000

혐기성 UASB 반웅기를 이용하여 C. I. Reactive Blue 114 생분해를 위한 운전조건을 구하고자 하였다. 운전조건의 중요한 변수로서 염료농도, 탄소원의 종류 및 농도, HRT, 유입 pH의 영향을 조사하였다. 보조탄소원인 포도당은 염료제거에 있어 휘발성 지방산보다 더 우수하였으며, 포도당 $1000{\sim}3000mg/{\ell}$ 범위에서 염료제거율에 거의 영향이 없었다. HRT가 6시간에서 24시간으로 증가하였을 때 염료제거율은 HRT 12시간까지 증가하였으며 그 이상에서는 거의 일정한 값인 40%를 유지하였다. 유입 pH가 6.0~8.0 범위에서 변화하였을 때 유출수 pH는 6.8~7.5로 나타났고, pH 7.0에서 최대 염료제거율을 보였다. 본 연구에서 획득한 최대 염료제거속도는 $52mg/{\ell}{\cdot}day$이었지만 색도 환경기준치를 만족하는 최대 염료부하량은 $46mg/{\ell}{\cdot}day$로 나타났고, 이때의 운전조건은 HRT 12시간, 포도당 농도 $2200mg/{\ell}$이었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.514-534
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• 2021

국내 목조건축물을 가해하는 지중 흰개미인 Reticulitermes speratus 군체의 영역 범위 산정을 위한 적정 염색약 선정 및 확산 경향 평가를 실시하였다. Sawdust diet를 이용한 감수성 평가 결과, 염색약의 농도가 증가할수록 섭식량은 감소하지만 보다 진하게 염색되었으며, 생존율은 Neutral Red 0.5%를 제외하고 4주차까지 모든 농도 조건이 대조군과 차이 없이 85% 이상의 생존하였다. 또한 2가지 염색약 모두 0.1% 농도 조건을 제외한 0.2% 이상의 농도 조건에서 11주 동안 염색이 유지되었고 전이력은 염색약 섭식 직후를 제외하고는 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 이에 따라 Nile Blue A와 Neutral Red 모두 0.2% 농도 조건이 R. speratus 군체의 영역 모니터링에 최적의 농도라고 판단된다. 이와 더불어 실내 조건에서 제작된 40m 길이의 foraging arena에 약 25,000마리 군체를 서식시킨 뒤, Nile Blue A와 Neutral Red 0.2% 농도로 각각 염색된 개체를 양 쪽 끝에 방사하여 시간 경과에 따른 확산 경향을 파악하였다. 그 결과 염색 개체가 7일 정도의 기간에 40m 거리까지 점진적으로 확산 이동하여 서로 섞이는 것이 확인되었다. 이를 통해 목조건축물에 유입된 R. speratus 군체를 대상으로 Mark-Release-Recapture(MRR) 법을 이용한 모니터링을 실시할 경우, 군체의 영역 범위를 산정할 수 있으며, 서로 다른 군체의 식별도 가능할 것이다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.303-306
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to examine the infiltration pattern in a soil developed from granite using tile nonfluorescent and nontoxic food dye, Brilliant Blue FCF (C$_{37}$ $H_{34}$$N_2$Na$_2$$O_{9}$S$_3$) as the dye tracer. A homogeneous matrix flow occurred in the A horizon with weak, medium granular structure and fingering at the interface of finer-textured A horizon and coarser-textured C horizon. Pegmatitic vein originated from the granite and plant root in C horizon induced preferential flow.w.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2006년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.7
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• pp.493-494
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• 2006

We have demonstrated highly efficient WOLED with two separated emissive layers using a blue fluorescent dye and a red phosphorescent dye. we also obtain stable $CIE_{x,y}$ coordinates with two-layered WOLEDs. The device structure was ITO/2-TNATA/NPB/two separated emissive layers/Bphen/Liq/Al. The maximum luminous efficiency of the device was 11.6 cd/A at $20\;mA/cm^2$ and $CIE_{x,y}$ coordinates varied from (x = 0.33, y = 0.37) at 6V to (x = 0.28, y = 0.35) at 14V.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2003

It is already known that the color of wool fabric dyed with disazo acid dyes could be changed in dyeing process and this is accelerated under alkaline condition. Focus was given to figuring out the mechanism of this color change, through the LC-MS analysis. In this study, no color change was seen in wool fabrics dyed with C. I. Acid Blue 113 under weak acidic, neutral and weak alkaline conditions for 1hour. However, the wool fabrics dyed under weak alkaline condition for a long time over 3 hours fumed reddish orange. When the wool fabrics dyed under weak acidic, neutral and weak alkaline conditions were treated with $0.5g/L\;Na_2C0_3$ solution, all of them turned reddish orange. On the other hand, the color of silk fabrics dyed with C. I. Acid Blue 113 were not changed after the same alkaline treatment. Wool contains cystine and cysteine, whereas silk does not. Due to the reversible reduction/oxidation process of cystine and cysteine in wool dyeing, the C. I. Acid Blue 113 of the dis-azo type is decomposed by reduction and consequently turned them into the reddish orange mono-azo types dye.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.8-18
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• 1994

In one bath dyeing system of silk/cellulose acetate fiber blend fabric with acid /disperse dyes, adsorption behavior of acid dyes and disperse dyes on silk and cellulose acetate fabrics were examined. In the dyeing of cellulose acetate with C. I. Disperse Red 19(Red 19) and C. I. Disperse Red 60(Red 60) at 8$0^{\circ}C$ and 10$0^{\circ}C$, dye uptake with Red 19 was higher than that with Red 60. When the silk/cellulose acetate dyed with Red 19 and Red 60 at 10$0^{\circ}C$, dye uptake on cellulose acetate was influenced by affinity of the dye to the silk fabric dyed together. When the silk/cellulose acetate dyed with Blue 80/Red 19 and Blue 80/Red 60 at 10$0^{\circ}C$, color of cellulose acetate dyed with Red 19 and Red 60 was not influenced by Blue 80 but silk dyed with Blue 80 was influenced by Red 19 and Red 60. Interrelation of K/S value and Munsell value was scarcely any but showed the change tendency of K/S value.