• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.52-58
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• 1996

Until now, in case of natural dyeing, the appearance of medium colors were achieved by repeat dyeing with different colorants after dyeing with one colorant. In this study, however, new dyeing method for appearance of medium colors was developed by use of mixing solution of different colorants prepared with the same ratio using colorant concentrates. In combination dyeing, purple color was difficult to represent because of the Gardenia blue dye among the colorants used in this study was naby blue dye. But the other medium colors such as yellow red, green yellow, green and blue green were easily represented by use of reddish Sappan wood and yellowish Gardenia concentrates. If the natural blue dye is prepared in concentrate condition, the dyeings dyed in various colors may be obtained by combination dyeing.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2006

Wood-rot fungi produce extracellular lignin-degrading enzymes, the best known of which are lignin peroxidase, Mn-peroxidase and laccase. In this experiment, some of them produced all of three enzymes. Many other wood-rot fungi produced one or two of those enzymes with various combinations. In this experiment, we tried to clarify the relationship between the pattern of enzyme production and degradative activity of several dye compounds. From the 36 strains of 23 species of wood-rot fungi, Mn-peroxidase activity was found in 30 strains of the fungi tested, whereas the activity of lignin peroxidase and laccase was detected in 11 strains and 12 strains of species, repectively, in Kirks low nitrogen media. In relation to the activity of lignin degrading enzymes and degradation of dye compounds, the white-rot fungi with three kinds of enzymes tested showed the best dye decolorizers. The fungi with Mn-peroxidase activity only decolorized poly R-478 and remazol brilliant blue R dye in proportion to the enzyme activity, while methylene blue, bromophenol blue and congo red dye were degraded in regardless of enzyme activity. Those dyes were degraded in relation to the growth rate of mycelium. Brown-rot fungi did not degrade all the dye compounds except bromophenol blue, in spite of moderate growth rate.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.135-150
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• 2020

Many industries, such as textiles, chemical refineries, leather, plastics and paper, use different dyes in various process steps. At the same time, these industrial sectors are responsible for discharging contaminants that are harmful and toxic to humans and microorganisms by introducing synthetic dyes into wastewater. Of these dyes, methylene blue dye, which is classified as basic dyes, is accepted as a model dye. For this reason, methylene blue dye was selected in the study and its removal from the water was studied. In this study, two efficient biosorbents were developed from chitosan and sunflower waste, an agro-industrial waste and modified using iron nanoparticles. The biosorption efficiency was evaluated for methylene blue (MB) dye removal from aqueous solution under various parameters such as treating agent, solution pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature. We investigated the kinetic properties of dye removal from water for Chitosan-Sunflower (CS), Chitosan-Sunflower-Nanoiron (CSN). When the wavelength of MB dye was spectrophotometrically scanned, the maximum absorbance was determined as 660 nm. For the core shell biosorbents we obtained, we found that the optimum time for removal of MB from wastewater was 60 min. The pH of the best pH was determined as 5 in the studied pH. The most suitable temperature for the experiment was determined as 30℃. SEM-EDAX, TEM, XRD, and FTIR techniques were used to characterize biosorbents produced and modified in the experimental stage and to monitor the change of biosorbent after dye removal. The interactions of the paint with the surface used for removal were explained by these techniques. It was calculated that 80% of CS and 88% of CSN removed MB in optimum conditions. Also, the absorption of MB dye onto the surface was investigated by Langmiur and Frendlinch isotherms and it was determined from the results that the removal was more compatible with Langmiur isotherm.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.704-708
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• 2002

A fast and sensitive protein staining method in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) using both an acidic dye, Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 (CBBR) and a basic dye, Neutral Red (NR) is described. It is based on a counter ion-dye staining technique that employs oppositely charged two dyes to form an ion-pair complex. The selective binding of the free dye molecules to proteins in an acidic solution enhances the staining effect of CBBR on protein bands, and also reduces gel background. It is a rapid staining procedure, involving fixing and staining steps with short destaining that are completed in about 1 h. As the result, it showed two to fourfold increase in sensitivity comparing with CBBR staining. The stained protein bands can be visualized at the same time of staining.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2006

Well known environmental wastes from dye industry were separated by the micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography(MECC). These wastes include H-acid modifier and 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid, and are known to be the diazo components of the azo dye. The results of the separation were compared with the result obtained by the HPLC using ion-pairing mechnism. MECC method was also applied to separate a few direct dyes including Direct Blue 2, Direct Blue 6 and Direct Blue 15, and reactive dye such as Reactive Orange 4. Informations about the diazo components of any azo dye could be obtained by comparison of electropherogram of the reduction solution of given dye with those obtained from standard materials such as H-acid, J-acid, ${\gamma}$-acid, orthanilic acid, sulfanilic acid and 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid which are used as diazo components of the typical azo dyes. It has been concluded that MECC and HPLC with ion-pairing mechanism could be successfully applied for the analysis of unknown dyes and their diazo components.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1978

The purpose of this study was to measure penetration of dye stuff(5% Methylene blue, Hematoxylin, Crystal violet and Safranin-O) on silicate cement, Adaptic, Hi-pol and unfilled resin. Each filling material was mixed on the mixing pad and the mixed material was inserted with condensation force of 500gr, 1000gr and 2000gr and without condensation force into preformed glass tube (10mm in diameter and 10mm in height). The specimen was stored in the air for 24 hours, then specimen was immersed in various dye solution (5% methylene blue, hematoxin, crystal violet and safranin-O) for different period of time (l hour and 24 hours). These dye-treated specimen was cut horizontally at the middle portion and the dye penetration in cut surface was measured. Following results were obtained. 1. Pentration of various dye was excessive in silicate cement with and without Condensation force. 2. There has been no evidence of dye penetration in unfilled resin. 3. Dye penetration occurced with in 1 hour period and the extending time didn't affect the dye penetration.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.252-256
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• 1997

The white rot fungus Coriolus hiysutus decolorized several recalcitrant dyes. Four different types of dyes, including azo, triphenyl methane, heterocyclic, and polymeric dye, were treated by the mycelial preparation. Triphenyl methane dye, bromophenol blue lost over 95% of its color. Congo red and Poly R-478 were decolorized less than bromophenol blue, 57 and 55%, respectively. However, heterocyclic dye, methylene blue was not decolorized significantly and only red shift was observed. Extracellular laccase and peroxidase activities were appeared maximally in high level of dye decolorization media. In electrophoretic experiments, common active bands of laccase and peroxidase were found in all dye decolorized medium. These results indicated that the culture conditions which yield high levels of laccase and peroxidase activity lead to high levels of dye decolorization, and these two enzymes might be play an important roles in dye decolorization.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.316-320
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• 2003

In order to investigate the dyeing property of poly trimethylene terephthalate(PTT) fabric, the dyeing of PTT fabric was carried at under condition of different dyeing temperature by using several disperse dyes with different energy level. Particularly, this study discussed the PTT dyeing thermodynamically. Used disperse dyes were selected based on the their chemical structure and energy level. The obtained results were as followings; The dye adsorption of S type disperse dye such as C. I. Disperse Blue 79 increased with increasing dyeing temperature. In a exhaustion rate of PTT fabric with disperse dyes, C. I. Disperse Blue 56 showed higher values than that of C. I. Disperse Orange 29 and Blue 79. For the interpretation of thermodynamic dyeing behavior, the partition coefficient ( K ) and some several thermodynamic parameters such as standard affinity$(-\mu^\circ)$ and heat of dyeing$(\Delta{H}^\circ)$ calculated from the adsorption isotherm. From above results, as the energy level of disperse dye is small, the partition coefficient and standard affinity increased. But the heat of dyeing of PTT fabric with disperse dye showed high negative value in order of E type(C. I. Disperse Blue 56), SE type(C. I. Disperse Orange 29) and S type(C. I. Disperse 79).

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.43-55
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• 1996

When some disperse dye was decolored with oxidation power of ozone, the results in investigation of decoloration behavior with dye solution and its order of reaction and variation of TOC were as follow: 1. Order of decoloration for Some disperse dye is C.I. Disperse Blue 79>Blue 73> Red 343>Red 60>Blue 354>Yellow 42. 2. Velocity of decoloration for the all dyestuffs was the fastest when pH 3. 3. TOC was rapidly reduced between 10 min. and 20 min. 4. For the reduction of TOC ozone was needs many times as compared with decoloration of dyestuffs.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 1992

Polysaccharide contents in Panax ginseng roots were evaluated by a spectrophotometry, utilizing the complex formation of ginseng polysaccharide with alcian blue dye in 50 mM ammonium biphos-phate, pH 4.2. The polysaccharide content in red ginseng was about three times higher than that in fresh ginseng when both were extracted with water, and increased about two times when red ginseng was extracted with an alkaline solution. The determination of polysaccharide in various parts of ginseng revealed that main roots contained the component more than fine roots. Fresh ginseng sections stained by the dye showed polysaccharide mainly was found in cortex and combium but not in epidermis.