• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.13-40
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• 2016

Objectives : The practice of bloodletting therapy has taken place for several millenia all over the world. The therapy is still one of the most popular oriental treatments in Korea. This paper studies bloodletting therapy in Huangdineijing to provide the Korean Medicine doctors with knowledge of the therapy to effectively utilize it in their clinics. Methods : The author studied all of the diseases treated by bloodletting therapy in Huangdineijing, and placed them into three categories: the visceral and bowel diseases, the meridian diseases, and miscellaneous diseases. The author reviewed reference documents that show clinical experiences of using the therapy and the results from the research on the therapy's therapeutic dynamics. Results : The treatment principals such as diagnostic methods, meridian points selection, acupuncture methods, and tools for the bloodletting therapy were provided. Most of the diseases treated by the therapy were identified by the visceral pattern identification or meridian pattern identification except miscellaneous diseases. The characteristics of the diseases treated by the therapy were studied and the diseases were placed into categories such as fever, pain, qi counterflow, first-aid, mental disease, and deep-seated disease. Theoretical basis of the mechanism of bloodletting therapy was drawn from several researches and a number of clinical theses related to bloodletting therapy. Conclusions : Results of this study on bloodletting therapy in Huangdineijing could be a useful knowledge for the Korean medicine doctors to be utilized their clinics. Future studies on this type of therapy should be performed to identify the diseases that may be effectively treated by bloodletting therapy.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2019

Objectives : This report was performed to observe the effects of bloodletting therapy on the rhinitis patients. Methods : 2 patients with rhinitis were treated by bloodletting therapy. We evaluated the pre-and post-treatment symptoms by NRS(numbering rating scale) and TNSS(total nasal symptom score). Results : After treatment, the symptoms of rhinitis and NRS were decreased and TNSS was improved. Conclusions : Bloodletting therapy in nasal cavity is effective to Rinitis.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to research the effect of bloodletting therapy and Alunitum-spread at palatine tonsil in acute tonsillitis. Methods : We reviewed medical records of 61 young patients of acute tonsillitis who had taken bloodletting therapy and Alunitum-spread from May 2003 to March 2011 in Samsung oriental medicine clinic. Results : There were 39 boys and 22 girls. Between 5 and 6 years-old group was more than the others. Between 3 and 4 days group was the first in duration of disease. Winter was the first and then spring, fall and summer in distribution of season. Between 9 and 10 days group was 22 patients, which was the first in duration of treatment. it was the first to have no history of acute tonsilitis group, and then cold, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngitis, acute tonsillitis and tympanitis. There were 41 patients who came to Samsung oriental medicine clinic the first and then western clinic, home remedy and other oriental clinic. Sore throat was the first sympton and then runny nose, high fever, nasal congestion and cough in companied symptom. Conclusions : Bloodletting therapy and Alunitum-spread were useful to improve acute tonsillitis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2015

Objectives : The objective of this study was to report two cases that patients with external epicondylitis were improved by based on 'eight vacuity' theory bloodletting therapy, acupuncture therapy and bee venom pharmacopuncture. Methods : In this study, patients were treated with bloodletting therapy, then acupuncture therapy and bee venom pharmacopuncture to Ashi point on eight vacuity of elbow in the patients without retention of needles. Subsequently, electroacupuncture and Dong-qi acupuncture treatment were implemented in order to strengthen the effect of acupuncture. In terms of evaluation methods, visual analog scale(VAS) score, range of motion(ROM), grip strength and physical examination were used to assess external epicondylitis-related symptoms. Results : VAS score decreased, ROM and grip strength were increased and physical examination was improved in all cases. Conclusions : It was suggested that the symptoms of intractable external epicondylitis could be improved by eight vacuity theory adopted bloodletting therapy, acupuncture therapy and bee venom pharmacopuncture.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was done for reporting the effect of bloodletting therapeutics on peripheral facial paralysis patients with back of the affected ear pain. Methods : We investigated 37 cases of peripheral facial paralysis patients with postauricular pain, and devided patients into two groups : We treated one group by complex oriental medical treatment with bloodletting therapeutics, and did the other group by complex oriental medical treatment without bloodletting therapeutics. Visual analogue scale(VAS) and gross grading system of House-Brackmann(H-B grade) and at baseline and final were used for evaluating the effect of the treatment. Results : 1. In bloodletting therapeutics group and non-bloodletting therapeutics group, compared with baseline, at final, VAS and H-B grade was significantly decreased. 2. At final, bloodletting therapeutics group showed significant decrease on VAS and H-B grade compared with non-bloodletting therapeutics group. Conclusions : Bloodletting therapeutics showed significant improvement in peripheral facial palsy with postauricular pain.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.148-162
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• 1994

A Literature study was done for identifying the effects of Bloodletting on C.V.A. The major results of the study were as follows. 1. The frequency of points of Bloodletting on C.V.A. were in order Twelve well point, Ship son, Gold SalivaJade Fluid, Paekoe, Chungchung, Sugu, Sosang, Taechu, Wijung, Kwanchung, etc. 2. The frequency of meridians of Bloodletting on C.V.A. were in order Extra-point, Tongmaek-kyong, Su-gworum-Shimpo-Kyong, Susoyang-Samcho-Kyong, Sutaeum-Pye-Kyong, Choktaeyang-Panggwang-Kyong. ete. 3. The frequency of the site of points of Bloodletting on C.V.A. were in order four extremities, face, neck and head, etc. 4. The effects of Bloodletting on C.V.A. is clear away heat and alleviate pain, therapy for waking up a patient from unconsciousness, dredge the meridian passage, expel wind-evil and promote blood circulation, emergency treatment for collapse, etc, 5. The effects of Bloodletting on the early stage of C.V.A. were wake up the patient from unconsciousness by clearing away the heat and The effects of Bloodletting on sequence of C.V.A. were dredge the meridian passage, 6. The frequency of points and meridians of Bloodletting on Hemiplegia were in order Twelve well point, Kyonjong, Extra-point, Chok soyang-Tam-Kyong, etc. 7. The frequency of points and meridians of Bloodletting on Aphasia were in order Gold Saliva Jade Fluid, Amun, Extra-point, Tongmaek-Kyong, etc. 8. The frequency of points and meridians of Bloodletting on Quadriplegia were in order Ship son, Twelve well point, Koktaek, Wijung, Extra-point, Chok soyang-Tam-Kyong, etc. 9, The frequency of points and meridians of Bloodletting on Vertigo were in order Four Gods Cleverness, Tuyu. Chanjuk, Paekoe, Taeyang, Extra-point, Yang-Kyong, etc. 10. The frequency of points and meridians of Bloodletting on Headache were in order Taeyang, Paekoe, Taechu, Extra-point, Tongmaek-Kyong, Yang-Kyong, etc. 11. The points and meridians of Bloodletting on Bells palsy were Chichang, Hyopko in Yangmyong-Kyong.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.789-793
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• 2007

To evaluate the effectiveness of cupping and bloodletting therapy in the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases. Systematic searches were conducted on KSI, KISTI, DB Pia, KIOM Database, and Koreamed until January 2007 Hand-searches included conference proceedings and our own files. There were no restrictions regarding the language of journals published in Korea. Controlled trials of dry cupping, wet cupping, or blood letting for patients with musculoskeletal disease were considered for inclusion. Trials testing other forms of dry cupping therapy were included. Methodological quality was assessed by two doctors. 20 possibly relevant studies were identified and 5 studies were included. One trial tested wet cupping for ankle sprain and reported positive result. Two trials tested blood letting for low back pain, one was positive and the other one was neutral. One trial tested the types of dry cupping for low back pain, and Ki-gong cupping therapy was superior to other two types of cupping. One trial compared wet cupping with dry cupping for low back pain and the result was negative. The effectiveness of bloodletting plus acupuncture for treating patients with low back pain is superior to acupuncture in spite of low quality. One trial of wet cupping for ankle sprain had effects in reducing pain. However, I suggest that the rigorous RCTs of cupping and blood letting therapy will be conducted in well designed features.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.396-413
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• 1998

The HyeolRacRon(血絡論) of the YoungChu(靈樞) is one of the section associate with the study of bloodletting(depletion of blood) by acupunture. The bloodletting therapy, one of the treatment of Oriental Medicine, has been advanced in civilization. By studying of this section, I could find some conculution as follows: 1. It is the superficial venules(血絡) that has been included blood stasis which has been interrupted by pathogenic factor(邪氣), and still could not enter into the meridian's line. 2. When bloodletting therapy, we should carefully study of patient's health condition, because doctor's missed acupuncure leads to very serious side effects. 3. External shape of HyeolRac(血絡) is like acu-niddle or muscle, so its thickness and location were not fixed position, its color is redish, and its quality is hard. 4. It is reason of heating that fixation of acu-niddle and muscle fiber.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2018

Objectives : To investigate minimum pressure by verifying changes in pressure due to bleeding amount during bloodletting-cupping therapy. Methods : (1) We compared adhesion performance of four different cupping cups of same size: two disposable cupping cups(A, B) and two reusable cupping cups(A, B) each were vacuumed three times and kept in place for 10 minutes. (2) We vacuumed two different sized disposable cupping cups(A), size.1(InnerDiameter 48.8 mm) and size.3(InnerDiameter 39.1 mm), twice each(-200 mmHg) on silicon plate. We injected water and air at regular intervals in cupping cups by using a syringe, and then measured change of pressure in cupping cups and pressure at the time of dropout. Results : (1) Pressure reduction was $4.75{\pm}2.78%$ on average in the order of 'Disposable[A]>reusable[B]>Disposable[B]>reusable[A]', so that pressure retention performance of disposable cups can't be regarded as inferior to that of reusable cups. (2) Pressure of disposable cupping B(size.1) decreased by an average of -40.08 mmHg per 5 ml of water. At -24.8 mmHg, when 22 ml of water has been injected, cup has come off. Pressure of disposable cupping B(size. 3) decreased by an average of -99.4 mmHg per 5 ml of water. At -48.6 mmHg, when 13 ml of water was injected, cupping came off. Conclusions : Considering reduction rate of pressure due to water injection, in case of bleeding more than 15 ml, size.3 cup always comes off, therefore it needs to be re-operated at least once. Meanwhile, size.1 cup does not always come off in the same condition, depending on the initial pressure and therefore, re-operation may be considered.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.19-42
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• 2008

Blood-Letting Therapy is a rational and ecological medical treatment by which we can heal most of the diseases by removing the static blood which precipitates in the blood vessel and blocks the flowing of blood. And the static blood is the generic term for the injurious, bad, dead and precipitated blood which is blocked the capillary vessel. The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine says that "the patient is treated with drugs internally and stone acupuncture externally. "In the old texts, the blood-letting therapy is mentioned as blood-letting, network vessel pricking, bloodletting, pricking, and arousing pulses etc and it is noted down as the method of network vessel pricking in 'On the Application of Needles' of Spiritual Pivot. Nine-pricking therapy, twelve-pricking therapy and five-pricking therapy are recorded in the methods of network vessel pricking and among them, the method of squeezing blood after pricking the affected part is explained as the network vessel pricking. There are four methods of network vessel pricking, pricking, picking, cluster needling and scatter-pricking and they are fluidly applied to the various symptoms of diseases. In 'On Discriminative Treating for Patients of Different Regions' in Elementary Questions, Ki-baek emphasizes "most of the local people, there are black in skin and loose in striate, and their diseases are mostly of carbuncle kind. It is suitable to treat the disease with stone therapy to prick with stone, so the stone therapy is transmitted from the east. "And in 'On the Corresponding Relation Between the Eum and Yang of Man and All Things' in Elementary Questions, when the Emperor asked Ki-Back, he answered "sthenia means the sthenia of evil, and deficiency means the deficiency of healthy energy. When the blood is sthenic, the evil should be discharged by pricking when out letting the blood; deficiency of vital energy is the asthenia of channels and network vessels, so the energy should drain from the channel which is not deficient, to replenish. "And in this case we can use the methods of 'Breaking out the static bloods', 'driving out the static bloods', blood-letting'. With this we can infer that the blood-letting therapy is made use of the important medical treatments from the ancient times. Especially in referring to the principles of treatment in The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, it mostly alluded to acupuncture therapies and only eleven times to medicinal treatments. This is to verify that the blood-letting therapy formed the foundation of the medical art. In Dong's Therapy of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Bloodletting, Dong Kyeong-Chang gave emphasis on the points that there must be extravasated bloods without exception in the serious illnesses which is old, unnatural, accompanying acute pains and so we can revive our body‘s sprit by circulating 'gi' and static blood piled up in the network vessel, regulating the weakness and strength, and controling the disharmony of the internal organs. The blood-letting therapy has effect on the orifice in emergency, such as fore draining, freeing network vessels, harmonizing gi and blood, relieving pain, dispersing swelling and concretion, sedation, resolving toxin as well as strengthening the heart, relieving itching. So it has distinguished effect on all kinds of medical treatment to the modern people. But by the change of social customs and the confucianism of confucius - it is widely spread on the period of North and South Dynasties, 'Wi' and 'Jin' in china and the period of the Three States in korea - The blood-letting therapy which was regarded as the most important medicinal treatment withered rapidly. And Confucius accentuated the importance of our body and all its members, loyalty and filial piety and banned any damage of our body under no circumstances. As a result of it, the therapy of blood-letting had a rapid decrease and barely kept itself in existence in both countries. What is worse, at the period of Japanese colonial rule of korea and our nation's founding of early stage, it has been withered by the high-handed policy to change Oriental Medicine into modern medical science. So the therapy of blood-letting barely kept itself in existence in some Buddhist temples. Another case, it has handed down as a old-fashioned quick fix in folk remedies. But all kinds of the contamination of heavy metals and the misuses of antibiotics are widely spread nowadays, which increased diseases of adult people and incurable diseases as modern society unavoidably made its way into a highly industrial society. To make us more miserable, the western medical science - the antibiotics and surgical operation medical science - already reveals itself into a limit. The necessity of a new medical science which can give a security to the patients who are suffering from the diseases of adult people and the incurable diseases is especially come into the force nowadays. In view of the results after bibliographically studying on the blood-letting Therapy in Elementary Questions of the Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, the blood-letting therapy has acted for the important Oriental medicinal science and has been clarified the prominent effects on the diseases of adult people and the incurable diseases. So it is regarded as an appropriate thing that we lay out a determined theory of the blood-letting therapy and of course prevent the unwanted side effects from inappropriate medicinal treatments, and make full use of clinic by elevating the curative value and that we win back our self-respect of medical treatment which is dominated from the western medical science and ultimately contribute to national medical welfare.