• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1163-1168
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• 2004

In order to establish the experimental clinical model for evaluating the influences on the sexual hormones of SD-rat administrated with Methoxychlor(MET), it was dissolved in acetone and olive oil (1:19), which was administrated orally at doses of 200㎎/㎏ body weight/day for 7 days. The Testosterone value was measured in sera by Gamma Count with 1251 isotype, also weights of the body, testis and liver were measured for 15 weeks. Testosterone in the serum of intacted SD-rats was 0.51±0.43ng/㎖(n=5), but it was 0.69±0.18(n=2)ng/㎖l on 1 week. 0.28±0.05ng/㎖(n=2) on 3 week, 1.52±0.95ng/㎖(n=3) on 5 week, and 0.54±1.95 ng/㎖(n=3) 15 week post-dosing MET, respectively. Histologically, the numbers of spermatozoa and Leydig cells were reduced, which might influence to reduce sexual hormone, and AST and ALT was not increased in the serum due to administrating with MET, blood profile was not changed according to the administration of MET excepting MCH(Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin). This study suggest that change of male sexual hormone by MET be a experimental model for evaluating some drugs associate with sex hormone.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.863-870
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to investigate that Injinoryung-san-Ga-Samchilgun(IJORS) has an inhibitory effect on the development of liver fibrosis in rats. The influence of IJORS on liver stellate cell viability in rat was measured by the MTT assay, and proliferation was measured by the BrdU assay. The mRNA expression of procollagen type $1{\alpha}2$, ${\alpha}-SMA$, TIMP1, and TIMP2 all of which are associated with liver fibrosis, were analyzed by RT-PCR. The inhibitory effect of IJORS on procollagen production in hepatic stellate cell was examined using by enzyme immuno assay(procollagen Type 1 C-Peptide EIA). And after IJORS was orally administered to experimental rats with thioacetamide(TAA)-induced liver fibrosis for 4 weeks, the body weight, liver function test, complete blood and the change of portal pressure were measured. IJORS prevented hepatic stellate cell viability and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. IJORS reduced the mRNA expression of procollagen type $1{\alpha}2$, ${\alpha}-SMA$ and TIMP1 and the production of procollagen protein. IJORS inhibited the increase of AST, ALT, WBC and portal pressure in rats administered by TAA. IJORS is considered to prevent liver fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of stellate cell and production of procollagen and prevent the progress of liver fibrosis by inhibiting the inflammation of liver tissue complicated in many liver disease.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.918-929
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• 2008

This study investigated the effects of inverted position on EEG and heart rate variability before and after Bang song gong. BSG is a training method using in qi-gong and meditation to give a convergence of consciousness on body segments in order and take a silent speech of 'song'. The subjects were the 14 university students(n=7 per group) who had not experienced any medical problem and had not practiced BSG. They took a practice of the two way of BSG training program for 30 minutes every other day for two weeks. During practicing BSG, A group took sitting position and lean sitting position by turns, B group took inverted and lean sitting position in the same way. Statistical analysis conducted by two-way ANOVA($2groups^{\ast}2periods$) with p<0.05 for average difference of EEG and HR according to position change in each group before and after BSG. In A group, EEG and HR were changeless irrespective of the change of position and BSG. On the other hand, in B group, significant changes were observed in EEG(p<0.05). ${\alpha}$ wave of inverted position were on the increase, ${\beta}$ and ${\delta}$ wave of inverted position showed smaller power after two weeks training. In the variation of HR, there were smaller variation according to the position change after BSG compared to before BSG(p<0.05). The results suggested that an inverted position may make the depth of meditation deeper, and is likely to be effective for decreasing tension of brain and the sleepiness during qi-gong training. In addition to, an inverted position seemed to promote control of blood pressure of brain. So the application of an inverted position to 'BSG' will be very helpful to achieve deeper relaxation and to obtain the desired effect from qi-gong training.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.313-325
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• 1996

Experiments were undertaken to examine the ability of selenium to protect against alcohol and/or paraquat-induced hepatotoxicity and to examine the additive effect between alcohol and paraquat. Protective effect against hepatotoxic functions was measured in serum from alcohol(15% v/v), paraquat(200ppm), alcohol and paraquat, and combination of sodium selenite(4ppm) in drinking water-fed guinea pigs ad libitum for 4 weeks. A total of 68 healthy 7-weeks-old male animals were assigned at random to 8 treatment groups(9~13 animals/group). Body and liver weight losses, and high serum concentrations in aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT, in only paraquat group), $\gamma$-glutamyltranspeptidase($\gamma$-GTP), cholesterol(Cho), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), total bilirubin(TB), direct bilirubin(DB), total protein(TP), albumin and globulin as well as low values in alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and glucose were produced in a groups of alcohol or paraquat-fed. These values were not potentiated in a group given the combination of alcohol plus paraquat. Morphological changes in the liver were also observed in the alcohol or paraquat-fed group. Lipid droplet and cell swelling in the hepatocytes were observed in alcohol-fed guinea pig, especially Mallory's hyaline arounded hepatic vein. In the paraquat-fed guinea pig, lipid droplet, pyknosis and karyolysis were observed. When alcohol or paraquat was combined with selenium-fed, hyperplasia of Kupffer cell in liver were observed. However, the mean ALT, $\gamma$-GTP, Cho, BUN, TB, TP, albumin and globulin values were lower in groups given the combination of alcohol and/or paraquat plus selenium, compared with groups given alcohol and/or paraquat. Also, the ratio of liver weight to body weight and ALP values(exception of paraquat plus selenium group) were increased by selenium. These results suggest that an adequate selenium confers marked protection against alcohol and paraquat-induced hepatotoxicity.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.88-89
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• 2011

To investigate liver toxicity of traditional rice wine, traditional rice wine was prepared by using cooked rice, Rhizopus stolonifier No. 17 nuruk and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After concentrated the traditional rice wine, it was orally administered into Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats and then changes of its body weight and biochemical parameters of the blood were investigated. All of male and female SD rats did not show any changes in its body weight during two weeks after administering the traditional rice wine concentrates and also biochemical parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST or GOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT of GOT) and alkaline phosphatase activity were not different compared to control. This results indicated that the traditional rice wine has not any toxicity.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2 s.62
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• pp.231-240
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• 2005

Objectives: In order to investigate the efficacy and safety of the newly developed herbal medicine Jetongdan, a placebo­controlled, randomized clinical trial of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee was undertaken. Methods: Data were obtained from 80 patients with OA of the knee. After enrollment, they were asked to answer a disease-specific questionnaire (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) OA index) and analyzed with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in order to evaluate the efficacy of Jetongdan, and analyzed for aspartate transaminase (AST) level, alanine transaminase (ALT) level, blood mea nitrogen (BUN) level, and creatinine (Cr) level in order to evaluate the safety of Jetongdan. Results: The liver function and renal function did not deteriorate after treatment with Jetongdan. Composite WOMAC score and physical function subscale was improved, but pain subscale, stiffness subscale, and ESR were not improved by. This was possibly because the baseline characteristics of the two groups were not homogenized after randomization. Conclusions: Jetongdan could be a promising treatment option for osteoarthritis of the knee. Further study in a larger population with appropriate severity grades is recommended.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.3 s.150
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• pp.245-253
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• 2007

Artemisia princeps PAMPANINI has been used in traditional medicine of the treatment of inflammatory, liver dysfunction and order disorder in the far east countries including Korea. The present study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of ethanol extract of Artemisia princeps (AP) and its fermented agents (AP-F) by lactic acid bacteria derived from human intestinal bacteria on liver injured rat induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine. Hepatoprotective activity was monitored by estimating serum ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione redeuctase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) activities in the liver injured by hepatotoxin. Pretreating rats with AP or AP-F at the same dosage regimen significantly suppressed the acute elevation of serum transaminase, ALP, LDH and GR activities, and significantly increased the lowering of blood SOD and GR activites induced by hepatoxin. Based on these findings, it is presumed that AP and APF may have the hepatoprotective effect on $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity rat.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.858-879
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• 2009

Objectives : The object of this study was to investigate the effects of Daeboeum-hwan (DBEH) aqueous extracts on Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat diabetes and related complications. Methods : SD rats were divided into 6 groups (n =8) : 50 mM citrate buffer and vehicle (distilled water 5 ml/kg) administered group (Intact control), STZ treatment (60 mg/kg, single intraperitoneally administered) and vehicle administered group (STZ control), STZ treatment and silymarin 100 mg/kg administered group (Reference), and STZ treatment and DBEH extracts 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg administered groups. DBEH extracts were orally administered once a day for 28 days from 3 weeks after STZ treatment. The results were compared with silymarin 100 mg/kg. Results : Decreases in the body weights, increase of kidney and liver weights, blood glucose, BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, LDL, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels with decreases of HD L levels, increases of pancreatic MDA contents and decreases of GSH contents were detected in STZ control as compared with intact control. These diabetes and related complications were inhibited by treatment with 100 and 200 mg/kg of DBEH extracts. Conclusion : DBEH extracts showed favorable effects on STZ-induced diabetes and related complications mediated by their antioxidant effects as similar to silymarin. Because the lowest dosage (50 mg/kg) of DBEH treated group did not show any favorable effects as compared with STZ control, the effective dosages of DBEH is considered as about 100 mg/kg, while DBEH extracts at 200 mg/kg showed similar effects as compared with 100 mg/kg of silymarin. It, therefore, is expected that DBEH will show favorable effects on diabetes and various diabetic complications.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2010

A sensitive competitive heterogeneous bioluminescence immunoassay for serotonin was developed using photoprotein, aequorin as a label for the first time with the optimal assay conditions; especially, serotoninavidin conjugate was prepared by Mannich reaction and the synthetic process of serotonin-avidin conjugate was optimized by controlling the initial molar ratios of serotonin, formaldehyde and avidin (1:12,000:25). The developed bioluminescence immunoassay for serotonin showed good sensitivity (LOD of 0.68 ng/mL) with wide area of dynamic range ($5.0{\times}10^{-10}\;M\sim5.0{\times}10^{-7}\;M$). (cf. the range for serotonin in human blood serum is $151{\pm}45\;ng$/mL). In addition, cross-reactivity studies demonstrated that 5-methoxytryptamine showed some cross-reactivity (28.0%), whereas 3-methylindole, melatonin and 5-hydroxylindole-3-acetic acid showed no crossreactivity, and good recoveries were obtained in serum. Thus, this developed method provides a good tool to monitor serotonin in serum.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.415-423
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• 2008

This study examined the effects of the daily noise stress on body weight, feed intake and clinicopathological findings in Korean indigenous goats. A total of 14 male goats was divided into 2 groups (test and control) with same number (n=7), and exam was started 2 weeks later. This study composed 2 stages. First was noise stage i.e., noise (80-100 dB) inflicted on the test for 70 minutes each time (5 times/day), and have continued for 2 months. Second was no noise for 2 months. Body weight and daily gain in stress group was decreased compared with control group after imposing noise (first stage). However, these results were reversed after ceasing noise (second stage). Average daily feed intake was not significant different between two groups throughout the experimental periods. But, feed conversion ratio was lowerin control group than another. Clinicopathological findings including total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, amylase, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cortisol, total leucocytes and hemoglobin value showed no significant different between stress and control group.