• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.145-155
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to determine whether any pretreatment parameters were associated with pharmacological effect or toxicity parameters after vincristine administration and to describe a mathematical model, which explains the interpatient pharmacodynamic variability. The relationship between patient characteristics and vincristine dose and hematological toxicity were evaluated. 68 pediatric and adolescence patients and 107 adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were treated with vincristine $1.5mg/m^2/day$ IV and other anticancer drugs as scheduled. Complete blood counts and other blood test results were obtained. The input variables were age, gender, weight, lean body weight (LBW), height, body surface area, vincristine dose and total vincristine dose. The outcome measures were nadir values (white blood cells, absolute neutrophil counts, hemoglobin, and platelets); the absolute decrease, relative decrease, and survival fraction of blood cells. Polynomial regression analysis was carried out to determine the other significant covariates. The variability of $WBC_{nadir}$ was modeled with good precision and accuracy with a two-covariate model. This model should be validated and improved on with further clinical data. We believe that such pharmacodynamic modeling should be explored further to determine its performance and clinical relevance compared with modeling using pharmacokinetic parameter.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.1054-1058
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of draught stress on certain haemograms and ovarian activity and the influence of dietary supplementation on the negative effects of draught in cows. Blood parameters and ovarian activity were assessed in supplemented non-working (SNW), supplemented working (SW) and non-supplemented non-working (NSNW) cows. Body weights and body condition scores were recorded fortnightly. Blood samples were collected through jugular venipuncture in December, February and April to determine the contents of haematocrit, erythrocyte, haemoglobin and white blood cells. Ovarian palpations were carried out in October, January and April. The SW cows maintained body weights (p>0.05) during the monitoring period whereas both SNW and NSNW cows gained (p<0.05) body weights. Body condition scores were similar between SW and NSNW cows. Cows in the NSNW group had lower (p<0.05) haematocrit concentrations in April than both supplemented groups. In December, erythrocyte concentrations were similar (p>0.05) among all treatment groups. Haemoglobin concentrations were higher (p<0.05) in SW and SNW cows in February and April than in December. The SW cows had higher leucocyte contents (p<0.05) in February than the other groups of cows. All treatment groups showed similar (p>0.05) ovarian activity in January. However, the NSNW group showed a lower proportion (p<0.05) of cows that exhibited normal ovarian activity in April. The results suggest that dietary supplementation of cows increases haematocrit and haemoglobin contents. In addition, supplementary feeding during the period of draught power provision maintains ovarian activity in cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.665-670
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• 2002

The expediency of replacing cost prohibitive and often inaccessible traditional protein supplements prompted the monitoring of hematological parameters was carried out in female goats at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days post feeding. Rumen environment was (3), respectively fed supplements containing either a leaf meal mixture (LMTM) of Leucaena leucocephala-Morus alba-Tectona grandis (2:1:1) or traditional protein supplements groundnut cake (GNC) or soybean meal (SBM) and wheat straw as basal diet. The periodic monitoring of hematological parameters was carried out in female goats at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days post feeding. Rumen environment was studied in bucks in a $3{\times}3$ switch over design. Rumen liquor was collected at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h post feeding after 4 weeks of feeding. The goats fed on LMTM or GNC had similar dry matter intake (g/kg $W^{0.75}$), which was significantly (p<0.05) higher than SBM. Except for packed cell volume (PCV), none of the blood biochemical constituents (Hemoglobin, serum glucose, total protein, serum albumin (A) and globulin(G), A:G ratio, alkaline phosphatase, transaminases) varied significantly due to replacement of 50% dietary protein by LMTM throughout the experiment. GNC group had significantly higher level of PCV than other treatments. However, the level of serum total protein (p<0.01) tended to increase from 60th day onwards irrespective of dietary treatments. The average rumen pH was significantly higher (p<0.001) on SBM followed by LMTM and GNC, respectively. Total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) production was comparable in goats given LMTM or GNC supplements, the corresponding values were significantly different (p<0.001) when compared with SBM. The ammonical-N, total-N and TCA-precipitable-N (mg/100 ml SRL) did not differ significantly among dietary treatments. It may be concluded that supplementing wheat straw with LMTM based concentrate had no adverse effect on voluntary intake, blood biochemical profile and rumen fermentation pattern of the goats.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.295-308
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• 2016

This study investigated the effects of a flavonoid-rich ethanol extract of persimmon leaf (PL), an ethanol extract of Citrus junos Sieb (CJS), and a PL-CJS mixture (MPC) on mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). We sought to elucidate the mechanisms of biological activity of these substances using measurements of blood coagulation indices and lipid metabolism parameters. C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD with PL (0.5% (w/w)), CJS (0.1% (w/w)), or MPC (PL 0.5%, CJS 0.1% (w/w)) for 10 weeks. In comparison with data obtained for mice in the untreated HFD group, consumption of MPC remarkably prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT), whereas exposure to PL prolonged aPTT only. Lower levels of plasma total cholesterol, hepatic cholesterol, and erythrocyte thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, hepatic HMG-CoA reductase, and decreased SREBP-1c gene expression were observed in mice that received PL and MPC supplements compared with the respective values detected in the untreated HFD animals. Our results indicate that PL and MPC may have beneficial effects on blood circulation and lipid metabolism in obese mice.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.153-164
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• 2016

Objectives: Previous studies have obtained conflicting findings regarding possible associations between indices measuring carbohydrate intake and dyslipidemia, which is an established risk factor of coronary heart disease. In the present study, we examined crosssectional associations between carbohydrate indices, including the dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), total amount of carbohydrates, and the percentage of energy from carbohydrates, and a range of blood lipid parameters. Methods: This study included 1530 participants (554 men and 976 women) from 246 families within the Healthy Twin Study. We analyzed the associations using a generalized linear mixed model to control for familial relationships. Results: Levels of the Apo B were inversely associated with dietary GI, GL, and the amount of carbohydrate intake for men, but these relationships were not significant when fat-adjusted values of the carbohydrate indices were used. Triglyceride levels were positively associated with dietary GI and GL in women, and this pattern was more notable in overweight participants (body mass index [BMI] ${\geq}25kg/m^2$). However, total, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were not significantly related with carbohydrate intake overall. Conclusions: Of the blood lipid parameters we investigated, only triglyceride levels were positively related with dietary carbohydrate indices among women participants in the Healthy Twin Study, with an interactive role observed for BMI. However, these associations were not observed in men, suggesting that the association between blood lipid levels and carbohydrate intake depends on the type of lipid, specific carbohydrate indices, gender, and BMI.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.3_spc
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• pp.363-370
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• 2021

Objective: The effect of garlic powder (GP) and phenyl acetic (PA) acid throughout the fattening period of broiler chickens on performance, blood parameters, immune, and antioxidant parameters as well as carcass traits was evaluated. Methods: A total of 210 day-old Cobb broiler chicks were randomly distributed into seven dietary treatments having five replications with six chicks per replicate. The first group (control) fed a basal diet without supplements, whereas the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th group were fed basal diet plus 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 g GP/kg diet, respectively and the group 5th, 6th, and 7th were fed on the basal diet plus 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 g PA/kg diet. Results: Broiler body weight and gain at 21 and 42 days were increased (p<0.05) with diets supplemented with GP and PA. Red blood cells and hemoglobin were improved in chickens fed diets enriched with GP. Broiler chickens received diets containing either GP or PA recorded the higher values (p<0.05) of total protein, globulin, high-density lipoprotein, immunoglobulin M (IgM), and IgG, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity; while, blood total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, aspartate-aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde were lowered (p<0.05) compared to control-diet. Liver and immune-related organs weight were improved (p<0.05) in broilers fed diet supplemented with GP and PA. Conclusion: Feeding of GP or PA in diet had positive effects on performance traits and immunological, antioxidant and physiological status of broilers. Thus, the use of tested feed additives as an eco-friendly alternative to antibiotics produced a positive effect on animal health.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.31-48
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• 2023

This study evaluated the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and depression based on the sleep duration of adult women using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016 and 2018. A total of 4,507 subjects were divided into two groups: sleep hours<7 (lack of sleep, LS) and 7≤sleep hours (normal sleep, NS). For a more detailed analysis, the subjects were further divided into normal sleep with no depression (NSND) and lack of sleep with depression (LSWD) groups. When compared with NS group, the nutrient intake of the LS group was observed to be higher in carbohydrates (P<0.05) and thiamine (P<0.01), but had a significantly lower mean nutrient adequacy ratio (P<0.05). Also, the LS group showed a higher frequency of early menopause (P<0.001) and depression (P<0.05) than the NS group. In the analysis of anthropometry and blood parameters of the subjects based on their sleep duration, the LS group showed a lower body mass index (BMI, P<0.05), lower blood creatinine (P<0.01), glycated hemoglobin (P<0.05), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P<0.01) levels adjusted by age and menopause than the NS group. When compared to the NSND group, the LSWD group had a lower intake of cholesterol (P<0.05), vitamin A (P<0.05), vitamin C (P<0.05), and folic acid (P<0.05). There was no variation in the menopausal status, NAR, and mean nutrient adequacy ratio between the NSND and LSWD groups. However, there were differences in total blood cholesterol (P<0.05) and depression based on sleep duration. Apart from nutritional status, differences in BMI and blood parameters were observed based on sleep duration.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.315-322
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• 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-slaughter fasting time on carcass yield, meat quality, blood parameters and glucose metabolism in broilers. Methods: Four hundred and fifty Arbor Acres (AA) broilers at 42 days of age were divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 15 chickens as one replicate. Following this period, broilers from each group were distributed among five groups according to preslaughter fasting period as 4, 8, 12, 16, or 20 h. Results: With increasing fasting time, the carcass yield (p<0.01), the breast muscles yield (p<0.01) and the thigh yield (p<0.01) of the broilers were all linearly increased. With increasing fasting time, the L^* values (p<0.01), cooking loss (p = 0.020), moisture content (p<0.01) in the leg muscles linearly downregulated, while the drip loss (p = 0.043), pH_{45 min} (p<0.01) and pH_{24 h} (p<0.01) were linearly upregulated. A trend for a lower (p = 0.071) shear force in the leg muscles was also observed in broilers fasted for longer time. Similar results were also found in breast muscles. The different fasting treatments did not influence the breast muscles glycogen content (p>0.10), while the increase of fasting time resulted in a linear decrease of the blood glucose (p = 0.021) and, more specifically, the glycogen content of the liver and leg muscles (p<0.001). With increasing fasting time, the aspartate transaminase (p<0.01), uric acid (p<0.01), and triglycerides (p<0.01) in serum linearly downregulated, while the alanine aminotransferase was linearly upregulated. Conclusion: The results of this study show a significant influence of fasting time on carcass yield and meat quality in broilers. Moderate fasting (8 to 12 h) before slaughter can reduce the weight loss of broilers. Prolonged fasting (≥16 h) increased body weight loss, decreased slaughtering performance and fluctuating blood indexes of broilers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1706-1710
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• 2011

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of calcium (Ca) fertilization on oxalate content in napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum) and on some blood parameters of sheep. Re-growth napiergrass was grown with or without Ca fertilizer and offered to sheep. Eight sheep, divided into two groups of 4 animals each were used. Calcium-fertilized napiergrass was offered daily to the animals as experimental treatment, whereas without Ca-fertilized napiergrass was given to the animals as control. Results showed that there was a trend to lower soluble and total oxalate concentrations in Ca-fertilized grass than control. The Ca-fertilized grass contained (p<0.05) lower concentrations of K and Mg than control, though Ca fertilization had no affect (p>0.05) on Ca and Na concentrations in plants. Feeding of Ca-fertilized grass had no affect on the feed consumption, blood Mg level and daily gain of sheep. However, sheep fed control grass had lower (p<0.05) blood Ca level than sheep fed Ca-fertilized grass. Our findings suggest that Ca fertilization might minimize the negative effects of oxalate.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.55-70
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• 2005

In oriental medicine, Gamibangpungtongsungsan (KBTS) has been used as a therapeutic agent for the treatments of acute stage of cerebrovascular diseases and hypertension. In the present study, underlying mechanism on KBTS effects was investigated using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by determining related parameters such as blood pressure, heart-beat rates, and hormones and plasma constituents. The major finding are summarized as follows. 1. KBTS treatment at concentrations lower than $125\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ did not show any cytotoxicity on cultured human fibroblast cells. 2. KBTS treatment in SHR significantly decreased blood pressure and heart-beat rate compared with untreated control. 3. KBTS treatment in SHR decreased aldosterone levels in the blood compared with untreated control, but the difference was not statistically significant. 4. KBTS treatment in SHR significantly decreased dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine levels in the blood compared with untreated control. 5. KBTS treatment in SHR decreased plasma ion concentrations such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl- compared with untreated control; decreases in Na+ and Cl- were statistically significant. 6. KBTS treatment in SHR significantly decreased TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, and IL-10 levels in the blood compared with untreated control. Thus, the present data show evidence on anti-hypertension activity of KBTS in an experimental animal system, which can provide further insights into the development of anti-hypertension therapeutic agents.