• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.301-308
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• 2011

Diabetes has been one of major health risks in industrialized countries. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been focused as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic syndromes, because AMPK increases glucose uptake through independent insulin signal pathway. In this study, we investigated the anti-diabetic effect of Angelica gigas Nakai extract (AGNEX), a mixture of decursin and decursinol angelate (53 : 47), decursin and decursinol angelate on blood glucose, glucose transport (GLUT) and AMPK expression levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. To induce diabetes, 50 mg/kg of STZ was injected via i.v. route and AGNEX 2 mg/kg (STZ+AG), decursin 2 mg/kg (STZ+D), decursinol angelate 2 mg/kg (STZ+DA), and metformin 100 mg/kg (STZ+M) were administered orally for 21 days. STZ+DA group showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels compared to the other groups. Decursinol angelate significantly upregulated expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phosphorylation of AMPK (p-AMPK) in skeletal muscle of rats. In pancreas of rats, decursinol angelate significantly increased expression of GLUT2 through down-regulation of p-AMPK. In addition to the result of pancreatic islets morphology, AGNEX, decursin, decursinol angelate, and metformin treated group recovered ${\beta}$-cell damage by hyperglycemia. These results indicate that decursinol angelate might be a potential anti-diabetic agent and AGNEX could be useful in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.696-702
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• 2017

Metabolic syndrome, including obesity, glucose intolerance and elevated blood pressure, is related to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have reported the anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects of purple corn extract. We investigated the efficacy of purple corn extract (PC) against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and glucose intolerance, and examined the underlying mechanisms by analyzing expression of proteins and genes involved in glucose regulation and macrophage infiltration. C57BL/6 mice were fed with normal chow diet (ND), or HFD treated with distilled water (DW, control) or PC, for 10 weeks. Although body weights were similar in the HFD-fed groups, we observed a decrease in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) weights, and enhanced glucose tolerance test (GTT) results in the PC group, as compared with DW group. Liver showed increased Akt phosphorylation in the PC-treated mice; however, no changes were observed in the EAT, for all groups. In PC-treated mice, decreased macrophage infiltration was seen in the EAT, with a reduced expression of macrophage marker genes. Finally, proinflammatory cytokine gene expressions were decreased by PC in the EAT, and a modest trend for downregulation was observed in the liver. Hence, we conclude that PC may decrease glucose intolerance by increasing the phosphorylation of Akt and reducing the macrophage infiltration into the EAT.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2013

Advantage of saliva analysis are the ease of sample collection and that samples can be collected more frequently with much less stress on the patient. The objective of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the concentrations of saliva and fasting serum glucose in both normal and diabetic subjects. The mean salivary glucose level in diabetic patients was $15.66{\pm}17.1$ mg/dl and $1.78{\pm}1.72$ mg/dl (P = 0.0006) in the control group. The mean fasting serum glucose level in diabetic patients was $202.12{\pm}66.91$ mg/dl, while that in the control group was $94.21{\pm}14.97$ mg/dl (P < 0.0001). The 0.95 degree of correlation between salivary and fasting serum glucose could be demonstrated. The concentration of salivary and fasting serum glucose was not significant different betweeen the measurements for male and female. In the oral glucose tolerance test (75g), the glucose concentration in saliva progressively increased during the first 30 minutes of the test and then progressively decreased, reaching at minutes 120 ~ 180 lowest point as like fasting serum glucose concentration. We can conclude that salivary glucose concentration was significantly higher in the diabetic subjects and that there was significant correlation between salivary and fasting serum glucose concentration. Measurement of salivary glucose could be a useful test having good correlation between salivary and fasting serum glucose concentration.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.196-201
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• 2013

Abnormal regulation of glucose and impaired lipid metabolism that result from a defective or deficient insulin are the key etiological factor in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The our study evaluated the beneficial effect of diet supplementation with Lentinus edodes on hyperglycemia and lipid metabolism in normal and type 2 diabetic rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups: group I(control) rats were fed standard diet (12% of calories as fat); group II (T2DM) rats were fed HFD (40% of calories as fat) for 2 weeks and then injected with STZ (50 mg/kg); group III and group IV rats were continually fed a diet containing 1% and 10% Lentinus edodes for 4 weeks after T2DM induction, respectively. After 4 weeks we determined biochemical parameters such as glucose, insulin concentration, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration were also measured. There was a significant reduction in serum TC and TG in the Lentinus edodes supplement groups. The Lentinus edodes diet supplementation were found to have a potent lipid metabolism improvement as well as LDL concentration decreased and HDL concentration was increased. Concentrations of blood glucose and HbA1c in the experimental groups II were significantly decreased after 4 weeks compared with the control group. The Lentinus edodes diet supplementation is useful in regulating the glucose level, improves the insulin, HbA1c, serum lipid metabolism in experimental diabetic rats. We suggest that Lentinus edodes supplementation may have the control effects of diabetes mellitus by improving blood glucose control and lipid metabolism.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.851-855
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• 2006

Acarviosine-glucose (AcvGlc) is an ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor and has similar inhibitory activity to acarbose in vitro. We synthesized AcvGlc by treating acarbose with Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic amylase and fed C57BL/6J and db/db mice with diets containing purified AcvGlc and acarbose for 1 week. AcvGlc (50 and 100 mg/100 g diet) significantly reduced plasma glucose and triglyceride levels in db/db mice by 42 and 51 %, respectively (p<0.0001). The hypoglycemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects of AcvGlc were slightly, but significantly, greater than those seen with acarbose treatment (p<0.0001) in C57BL/6J mice. In an oral glucose tolerance test, glucose tolerance was significantly improved at all time points (p<0.01). The expression of two novel glucose transporters (GLUTs), GLUT10 and GLUT12, were examined by Western blot analysis. GLUT10 was markedly increased in the db/db livers. After AcvGlc treatment, the expression of hepatic GLUT10 was decreased whereas intestinal GLUT12 was significantly increased in both strains of mice. Our results show that AcvGlc improves plasma lipid and glucose metabolism slightly more than acarbose. Regulation of hepatic GLUT10 and intestinal GLUT12 may be important in controlling blood glucose levels.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.380-384
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• 2013

Zinc may participate in blood pressure regulation and in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The study examined the relationship between zinc status and blood pressure in obese Korean women. Forty obese women (body mass index (BMI) ${\geq}25kg/m^2$) aged 19-28 years participated in this study. Zinc intake was estimated from one 24 hour recall and 2-day diet records. Serum and urinary zinc concentrations were determined by atomic absorbance spectrophotometry. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured using an automatic sphygmometer. Metabolic variables, such as waist circumference, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, fasting glucose, and fasting insulin, were also measured. Dietary zinc intake of obese women was averagely 7.5 mg/day. Serum zinc and urinary zinc concentrations were $13.4{\mu}mol/L$ and $378.7{\mu}g/day$, respectively. Averages of SBP and DBP were 119 mmHg and 78 mmHg. Dietary zinc intake was negatively correlated with SBP after adjusting for energy intake (P < 0.05), but serum and urinary zinc concentrations were not found to be correlated with SBP or DBP. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that dietary zinc intake was inversely associated with SBP in obese women after adjusting for body weight, energy intake and sodium intake (P = 0.0145). The results show that dietary zinc intake may be an independent risk factor of elevated SBP in obese Korean women.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.101-113
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• 2014

Objective : Ephedra Herba has been widely used for patients with common cold, asthma in eastern countries, especially china japan and korea. Recently it has been also used for obesity in clinic with high frequency. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Ephedra Herba ethyl-acetate fraction (EEAF) on hyperlipidemic mice. Method : Effects on total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT, fasting blood glucose in serum were measured in this experiment, and in addition, histopathological and gene expression changes in liver tissue was also observed. Results : In our study, EEAF did not affect weight gain in hyperlipidemic mice. Oral administration of EEAF lowered levels of total cholesterol which were elevated by induction of hyperlipidemia. And administration of EEAF lowered fasting blood glucose significantly. By carrying out ontological analysis, large numbers of genes were identified in up or down regulated genes. The expression of the genes that were altered in response to high-fat diet was restored to normal levels in EEAF treated mice, with a recovery rate of 49%. And it was considered that fatty acid metabolism was one of important key pathway of the recovery. Conclusion : Results in our study suggest that EEAF can prevent obese and through regulation of dyslipidemia and hyperglycaemia.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.319-324
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• 2002

In a previous study, we developed a new food additive as an egg yolk antibody (IgY) against carbohydrate digestion enzymer for the regulation of blood glucose level and weight control. The IgY delayed and decreased the increment if blood glucose level after administration of sucrose in human being by 30% in 20∼30 min. We also developed a lipase inhibitor as a water extract of two kinds of herb, Platycodon grandiflorum and Solanum Melongena, Twenty three volunteers were subjected to the intake of the egg yolk IgY Plus the herbal extracts for 50 days. In average, the treated subjects appeared to lose 1.96 kg of body weight and 3.4 kg of body fat mass during the treated period. Furthermore, Panniculus adiposus and breech size were significantly decreased during the experimental period. Above results suggested that the administration of the dietary additives composed of egg yolk IgY and natural herbal extract improve the obesity by the decrement of body weight and body fat mass.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.13-28
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• 2014

■ Objectives The berries of Schisandra chinensis (Schisandra Fructus) are given the name Omiza in Koreane(五味子), and have been used asremedies for many ailments: to resist infections, increase skin health, and combat insomnia, coughing, and thirst. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Schisandra Fructus hexane fraction (SFH) on serum lipid levels in Hyperlipidemic mice. ■ Methods In this experiment, effects on total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT, fasting blood glucose in serum were measured. And in addition, histopathological and gene expression changes in liver tissue was also observed. ■ Results SFH did not affects weight gain, serum AST and ALT in hyperlipidemic mice. Oral administration of SFH lowered levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, which were elevated by induction of hyperlipidemia. Finally, administration of SFH lowered fasting blood glucose significantly. And SFH also ameliorates anti-oxidative stress systems in internal organs which play key role in disease prevention. ■ Conclusion Results in our study suggest that SFH can prevent obese through regulation of dyslipidemia and hyperglycaemia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.594-602
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• 2021

Purpose: The zinc transporter ZIP7 is known to regulate glucose metabolism in skeletal muscles, and skeletal muscles are known to play a critical role in glycemic control. The present study examines the effects of dietary zinc supplementation on the blood glucose concentration and expression of ZIP7 in skeletal muscle obtained from obese mice fed a high-fat diet (HF). Methods: C57BL/6J male mice were divided into three groups and were administered either a HF (60% of total calories from fat), HF supplemented with zinc (HF+Zn, 60% calories from fat + 300 mg zinc/kg diet), or low-fat diet (CON, 10% calories from fat), for 15 weeks. Results: Compared to CON group mice, the final body weights and adipose tissue weights were significantly increased, while the skeletal muscle weights were significantly decreased in mice belonging to the HF and HF+Zn groups. The HF+Zn group had significantly lower levels of fasting blood glucose concentrations than the HF group. Similarly, zinc supplementation significantly decreased the HF-elevated area under the curve values obtained from the oral glucose tolerance test. Skeletal muscle protein levels of ZIP7 in samples obtained from the HF group were significantly decreased as compared to the CON group. Conversely, the skeletal ZIP7 protein levels in the HF+Zn group were significantly increased as compared to the HF group. Moreover, the protein levels of phosphorylated-AKT and glucose transporter 4 in the skeletal muscle were significantly increased subsequent to zinc supplementation. Conclusion: Our data demonstrates that zinc supplementation up-regulates the skeletal muscle ZIP7 expression, which is associated with improved glucose tolerance in the obesity.