Effects of Ephedra Herba ethyl-acetate fraction on high fat diet induced hyperlipidemic mice

마황 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 고지방 식이로 유발된 생쥐의 지질대사에 미치는 영향

  • Received : 2014.06.19
  • Accepted : 2014.08.25
  • Published : 2014.08.31

Abstract

Objective : Ephedra Herba has been widely used for patients with common cold, asthma in eastern countries, especially china japan and korea. Recently it has been also used for obesity in clinic with high frequency. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Ephedra Herba ethyl-acetate fraction (EEAF) on hyperlipidemic mice. Method : Effects on total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT, fasting blood glucose in serum were measured in this experiment, and in addition, histopathological and gene expression changes in liver tissue was also observed. Results : In our study, EEAF did not affect weight gain in hyperlipidemic mice. Oral administration of EEAF lowered levels of total cholesterol which were elevated by induction of hyperlipidemia. And administration of EEAF lowered fasting blood glucose significantly. By carrying out ontological analysis, large numbers of genes were identified in up or down regulated genes. The expression of the genes that were altered in response to high-fat diet was restored to normal levels in EEAF treated mice, with a recovery rate of 49%. And it was considered that fatty acid metabolism was one of important key pathway of the recovery. Conclusion : Results in our study suggest that EEAF can prevent obese and through regulation of dyslipidemia and hyperglycaemia.

Keywords

References

  1. Kleiman S, Ng SW, Popkin B. Drinking to our health: canbeverage companies cut calories while maintaining profits? Obes Rev. 2012; 13(3):258-274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00949.x
  2. Korean National Statistical Office. The statistics of life table 2008 [Internet]. Daejeon:Korean National Statistical Office, 2009. Available from:http://kosis.kr/common/meta_onedepth.jsp?vwcd=MT_CTITLE&listid=117_11702.
  3. George A. Bray. 대한가정의학회 비만연구회편 역. 비만치료의 최신지견. 서울:한미의학. 2005; 20-41.
  4. George A. Bray. 대한비만학회편역. 비만의 진단과 치료. 서울:도서출판한의학. 2003;8-10,19-27, 37-56.
  5. Eugenia E, Micahel J, Jennifer M, Carmenrodrgue Z. Body mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of US adults. N Engl J Med. 1994;341(51):1097-105.
  6. Hwang GH, Huh YR. A study of hyperlipidemia in Koreans-Specially related to physical characteristics and it's risk factors for hypercholesterolemia. Korean J Food Nutr. 1999; 12(3):279-289.
  7. Youh EJ, Seo BK, Huang B, Kim JI, Kang SK. Artemisia capillaries Herbal Acupuncture Improves Metabolic Abnormalities in High Fat Diet-induced Obese ICR Mice, The Journal of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society. 2011;28(1):1-14.
  8. Ryu HS, Kim SP, Kim SM, Lee DG, Lee OJ, Lee JH, Wei TS. The Effects of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma Pharmacopuncture at Bi-Su (BL20) on the Obese Rars Induced by High Fat Diet. The Journal of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society. 2012;29(3):9-18.
  9. Kim DJ, Jung JH, Kim SG, Lee HK, Lee SK, Hong HD, Lee BY, Lee OH. Antioxidants and Anti-obesity Activities of Hot Water and Ethanolic Extracts from Cheonnyuncho (Opuntia humifusa). Korean J Food Preserv. 2011; 19(3):366-373.
  10. Lee CM, Lee TJ, Kim BH. Improving Effect of Cudrania Tricuspidata Ethanol Extract on Lipid Profile and Blood Glucose in HFD-induced Obese Mice. Journal of Investigative Cosmetology. 2011;7(3):309-318. https://doi.org/10.15810/jic.2011.7.3.010
  11. Kim GT, Go H, Shin SM, Kim HJ. Study of the Efficacy and Safety of "adenophorae radix extract" in the Obese Patients or Overweight. THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY. 2007;7(1):39-54.
  12. 전국한의과대학본초학교수공저. 본초학. 서울:영림사. 2004;154-156.
  13. Shin DJ, Kim AL, Kim SH. Study of the Effects of Tae-Eum-Jo-Wi-Tang and Ephedrae Herba on Changes of Leptin Level in the Obese Rats. Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. 2001;13(1):79-87.
  14. Park JM, Kim HJ, Kim JA, Kim SJ, Ko BP. The Effects of Evodia Rutaecarpa and Ephedra Sinica on the Resting Metabolic Rate and Body Composition of Obese Women on a Low-Calorie Diet: A Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Journal of Korean Oriental Medicine. 2005;26(3):249-262.
  15. Joh HG, Yang JM, Kim DI. Effects of the oral administration of Ephedra Sinica Extract on suppression of body weight gains and the DNA chip expression of obese rats. THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY. 2007;20(3):65-80.
  16. Lee YJ, Lee MJ. The efficiency of Ephedrae herba on the obese zucker rat's lipid of blood serum and fatty acid metabolism of skeletal muscles. The Journal of the Korean Academy of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine. 2005;33 (3):99-111.
  17. Kim KM. Effects of Ephedra Herba Hexane Fraction (EH1) on lipid levels in serum and lipid accumulation in liver tissue in Hyperlipidemic mice. Seoul: Graduate School of Dongguk University;2012.
  18. Jung HY. Effects of ephedra herba chloroform fraction on hyperlipidemic mice. Busan:Graduate School of Dong-Eui University;2013.
  19. Oh MK. Research Trends of Bioinformatics Using DNA Microarray Data. Prospectives of Industrial Chemistry. 2006;9(5):43-48.
  20. Kim SC, Lee JW, Kim BS. A Corcordance Study of the Preprocessing Orders in Microarray Data. The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics. 2009;22(3):585-594. https://doi.org/10.5351/KJAS.2009.22.3.585
  21. 식품의약품안전청. 대한약전(제9개정). 서울 : 신일북스. 2008;922-923.
  22. Park HB, Kim KS, Kim BT, Lee KW, Ahn CW, Choi WH. Double-blind, Randomized, Multi-center, Comparative Clinical Trial of Sibutramine Mesilate with Sibutramine Hydro chloride for Evaluating Efficacy and Safety in Obese Patients. The Journal of Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. 2008;17(2):82-90.
  23. 윤지성. 식후 고혈당과 심혈관질환. 임상당뇨병. 2012;13(1):18-22.
  24. Sheu WH, Rosman A, Mithal A, Chung N, Lim YT, Deerochanawong C, Soewondo P, Lee MK, Yoon KH, Schnell O. Addressing the burden of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease through the management of postprandial hyperglycaemia: an Asian-Pacific perspective and expert recommendations. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011;92:312-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2011.04.019