• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

Objectives : Many studies are being done in the method of experimental chuna science in China. The aim of this review is to understand and study the methods of experimental chuna science, focusing on the effects of chuna on circulatory system. Methods : We reviewed "實驗推拿學" and Chinese journals were searched using China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI). Korean journals were searched using 3 Korean web databases(OASIS, NDSL, RISS). Results : By experimental chuna science, effect of chuna on blood pressure, cardiovascular system, hemorheologic system, blood flow velocity, circulation and lymphatic system were proved. Conclusions : Experimental chuna science is necessary for improvement of chuna to a higher level. In Korea, not many experimental studies are being done, especially in chuna and it has very narrow target diseases. For this reason we need to learn and adapt the methods of experimental chuna science of China.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1546-1551
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• 2005

This Study was designed to investigate the effects of Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Nodus (NRN) on the change of cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), pial arterial diameter (PAD) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP)] in normal and cerebral ischemic rats. And, this study was designed to investigate the inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase activity in neuronal cells The results were as follows NRN significantly increased rCBF and PAD in a dose-dependent manner, and NRN increased MABP in a dose-dependent manner. This results suggested that NRN significantly increased rCBF by dilating PAD. Both rCBF and PAD were significantly and stably increased by NRN (10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. NRN significantly inhibited lactate dehydrogenase activity in neuronal cells. This results suggested that NRN prevented the neuronal death. It is suggested that NRN had an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics and inhibitive effect on the brain damage.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.104-110
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• 2002

Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium extract(CRVP) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent for Soothing the liver and regulating the circulation of qi(疏肝理氣), and promoting digestion and removing stagnated food(消積化滯). The effects of CRVP on the vascular system is not known. The purpose of this Study was to investigate the effects of CRVP on the pial arterial diameter and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) in normal rats and ischemic cerebrovascular pathologic model rats. The changes in rCBF was determinated by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry(LDF), and the changes in pial arterial diameter were determinated by video microscopy methods and video analyzer. The results were as follows ; 1. Pial arterial diameter was significantly increased by CRVP in a dose-dependent manner. 2. Pretreatment with L-NNA significantly inhibited CRVP induced increased rCBF and pial arterial diameter. 3. Both the methylene chloride fraction and the hexane fraction of CRVP dose-dependently improved the altered cerebral hemodynamics of cerebral ischemic animal by increasing rCBF. 4. Pretreatment with L-NNA and indomethacin significantly inhibited CRVP(MC) induced increased rCBF. 5. Pretreatment with L-NNA and indomethacin significantly inhibited CRVP(hexane) induced increased rCBF. 6. Pretreatment with CRVP maredly stabilized the changes rCBF and pial arterial diameter during the period of cerebral reperusion. In conclusion, CRVP causes a diverse response of rCBF and pial arterial diameter, and CRVP dose-dependently improved the altered cerebral hemodynamics of cerebral ischemic animal by increasing rCBF and pial arterial diameter. These results suggest that the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics is also mediated by nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1404-1409
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• 2004

Cheonmabanhwa-Tang(CBT) has been used in the Oriental Medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent for dizziness due to Poong-Dam. This Study was designed to investigate the mechanism of Prescription on cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and pial arterial diameter(PAD)J in cerebral ischemia rats, The results in cerebral ischemic rats were as follows: Both rCBF and PAD were significantly and stably increased by CBT (10 ㎎/㎏, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. Pretreatment with indomethacin(1 ㎎/㎏, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase significantly but unstably increased the CBT-induced increases in PAD as well as rCBF during the period of cerebral reperfusion. Pretreatment with methylene blue(10 (.1.㎍/㎏, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase significantly but unstably increased the CBT-induced increases in PAD as well as rCBF during 150 minutes of cerebral reperfusion, but decreased stably the CBT-induced increases in rCBF and PAD after 180 minutes of cerebral reperfusion. In conclusion, the present authors thought that CBT caused effect on cerebral hemodynamics via mediation of cyclooxygenase.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.41-54
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• 2022

Brady-arrhythmia is defined as an arrhythmia in which the heart rate slows to less than 60 beats per minute. Brady-arrhythmia reduces cardiac output and causes changes in blood flow. As a result, dizziness occurs because not only ischemia occurs in the central nervous system, but also blood flow in major organs decreases. The insertion of an artificial pacemaker is known as almost the only treatment alternative for patients with brady-arrhythmia with symptoms. This study reports a case of 85 year old male diagnosed with brady-arrhythmia complaining presyncope type of dizziness. The patient underwent complex Korean medicine treatments by herbal medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion. The daily average value of pulse rate, K-DHI score, NRS score and the patient's subjective expression of symptoms were used as evaluation tools. This study suggested a significant improvement in symptoms through complex Korean medicine treatments without the use of anti-arrhythmic drugs or insertion of an artificial pacemaker in the patient with brady-arrhythmia complaining dizziness.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-50
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• 2004

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate anti-ischemic effect of LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture Methods: I designed to investigate whether LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture affects cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), pial arterial diameter(PAD), mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)] in normal rats and to make manifest whether LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture is mediated by cyclooxygenase or guanylate cyclase. The changes of rCBF and MABP were determinated by laser-doppler flowmetry(LDF), and the change of PAD was de terminated by video microscope and width analyzer. Results: The results were as follows; 1. LR1 Reduction in Acupuncture was increased rCBF and PAD, but decreased MABP. 2. HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture was significantly increased rCBF, but decreased MABP, and increased PAD. 3. LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture was significantly increased rCBF, PAD, but decreased MABP after withdrawing of the needle. This results suggest that LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture increased significantly rCBF by dilating PAD. 4. Pretreatment with indomethacin(1mg/kg, i,v.) was significantly inhibited LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture induced increase of rCBF and PAD, but increased LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture induced decrease of MABP after withdrawing of the needle. 5. Pretreatment with methylene blue($10{\mu}g/kg$, i,v.) was decreased LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture induced increase of rCBF and PAD, but accelerated LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture induced decrease of MABP. Conclusions: I suggest that LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture has an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics, and the mechanism is mediated by cyclooxygenase.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1997

Recently prostaglandin $E_1(PGE_1)$ has been shown to ensure flap survival by producing vasodilation of the peripheral vessels and platelet disaggreation. However, direct observation and detailed quantitative studies of the effects of $PGE_1$ on the cutaneous microcirculation have not been reported. In the present study, we investigated cutaneous microcirculatory changes in the rabbit ear chamber(REC) with an intravital microscope following intravenous administration of $PGE_1$. The results obtained in this study indicate that $PGE_1$ administered intravenously at a rate of 200ng/kg/min might act directly on the vessels and cause dilatation of metarterioles and capillaries without affecting vasomotion and systemic blood pressure. Clinically in order to evaluate the effect of an intravenous administration of $PGE_1$ on the cutaneous microcirculation, cutaneous blood flow, skin temperature and transcutaneous $Po_2$ in the pedicle or free flap of operated patients were evaluated by the combination of several measurements following the administration of $PGE_1$. The present study suggests that improvement of cutaneous microcirculation by $PGE_1$ may enhance the survival rate of flap or replantation. Both vessel arterial ischemia and venous congestion are main factors of tissue necrosis in the flap surgery. Vasodilatory or antithrombotic agents have been used in salvage of flap necrosis. However, the therapeutic effects of those drugs are still not well elucidated. Recently prostaglandin $E_1(PGE_1)$ has been shown to ensure flap survival by producing vasodilatation of the peripheral vessels and platelet disaggregation[1-3]. Emerson and sykes[4] have obtained significant improvement in the flap survival in the rat using $PGI_2$. Suzuki et al.[5] have reported prolonged flap survival length by using $PGE_1$ in the rabbit and concluded that $PGE_1$ improved the microcircuration in the flap. However, direct observation and detailed quantitative studies of the effects of $PGE_1$ on the cutaneous microcirculation have not been reported. In the present study, we investigated microcirculatory changes in the rabbit ear chamber[6,7] with an intravital microscope following intravenous administration of $PGE_1$.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.450-454
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• 2002

A five-year-old, female Great Dane dog with edema, localized trauma, mild pain, and lameness of the right hind limb was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungbuk National University. This dog had a history of mammary tumor excisions 6 months ago. Abnormal changes were not seen in the values of complete blood count and serum biochemical tests. But pedal direct lymphangiography using aqueous-based radiographic agent showed the obstructed lymph flow in right popliteal lymph node. Based on these observations, the dog was suspected as lymphedema resulted from lymph drainage flilure without any other possibilities of inflammation or other causes. Although recommended chemotherapy and physiotherapy had been applied for resolvinr presented problems for one month, there was no improvement on edema of damaged region and any other clinical signs. Therefore, the necropsy was performed after euthanasia under agreement of the owner of patient. In histopatholofical examination, the most characteristic lesions in the mass of femoral region were diffuse edema fibrosis and neoplastic cells in the lymphatics. Also, the neoplastic cells were very similar to those found in the tumor mass of mammary gland, which had diagnosed as fibrosing carcinoma. These facts suggested that the cause of obstructed lymph flow was the neoplasia in lymphatics of the right hind limb. With these results, a diagnosis of malignant lymphedema was made in this dog.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.298-302
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• 2009

Mume Fructus extract is used in folk medicine in Eastern Asian countries including Korea. However, its therapeutic effect on thrombosis is not known. Mume Fructus methanol extract (ME) dose-dependently inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and also exhibited about 130% fibrinolytic activity compared to the natto. Oral administration of ME to mice significantly extended tail-bleeding time. ME prolonged both aPTT and PT in human citrated plasma also. These results suggest that the methanol extract from Mume Fructus have antithrombosis activity.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2005

The potential for recovery of left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial revascularization represents a practical clinical definition for myocardial viability. The evaluation of viable myocardium in patients with severe global left ventricular dysfunction due to coronary artery disease and with regional dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction is an important issue whether left ventricular dysfunction may be reversible or irreversible after therapy. If the dysfunction is due to stunning or hibernation, functional improvement is observed. but stunned myocardium may recover of dysfunction with no revascularization. Hibernation is chronic process due to chronic reduction in the resting myocardial blood flow. There are two types of myocardial hibernation: "functional hibernation" with preserved contractile reserve and "structural hibernation" without contractile reserve in segments with preserved glucose metabolism. This review focus on the application of F-18 FDG and other radionuclides to evaluate myocardial viability. In addition the factors influencing predictive value of FDG imaging for evaluating viability and the different criteria for viability are also reviewed.