• 대한수의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.37-50
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• 1972

폐포(肺胞) gas와 폐동맥(肺動脈)(혼합정맥혈액(混合靜脈血液))만의 비교실험군(比較實驗郡)에 있어서도 역시(亦是) 탄산(炭酸) gas 장력(張力) 때로는 산소(酸素)까지도 폐포기체(肺胞氣體)의 장력(張力)이 더욱 높았다 (positive ${\Delta}Pco_2$, 및 $Po_2$). ${\Delta}Pco_2$는 산(酸) 또는 bicarbonate 주입(注入)으로 야기 되는 혈장(血漿) pH변화(變化) 및 시간(時間)에 따른 변이성(變異性)이 없이 항상 양성(陽性)을 보였으나, 혈중탄산(血中炭酸) gas장력(張力)의 크기에 비례(比例)하였다. 또 ${\Delta}Pco_2$ 는 혈류량(血流量)의 대소(大少) 및 분포(分布)에 별(別)로 영향 받지 아니하고 혈액내(血液內)에서 탄산(炭酸) gas평형(平衡)의 미달(未達)로부터 오는 것도 아니었으나 탄산탈수효소(炭酸脫水酵素) (carbonic anhydrase) 작용(作用)을 억제(抑制)할 때 증가(增加)되었다. ${\Delta}Po_2$는 더욱 변이성(變異性)이 컸으며 특(特)히 낮은 혈류속도(血流速度)에 있어서는 때때로 negative 현상(現像)을 나타내기도 하였다. ${\Delta}Po_2$도 또한 시간(時間) 및 혈장(血漿) pH 변화(變化)와 무관(無關)하게 독립적(獨立的)인 것이었으나, 탄산(炭酸) gas 장력(張力)의 변화(變化)로 일어나는 결과(結果)와는 반비례(反比例)의 관계(關係)가 있었다. ${\Delta}Po_2$도 gas교환(交換)이 일어날 수 있는 상당한 크기의 압차(壓差)를 주어도 존재(存在)하였고, 탄산(炭酸) gas 반응(反應)의 억제(抑制)에 의(依)하여도 영향받지 아니 하였다.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2016

With the rapid increase in the number of patients with cardiopulmonary diseases, more cardiopulmonary circulatory assist devices are also needed. These devices can be employed when heart and/or lung function poorly. Due to the critical role they take, these devices have to be designed optimally from both mechanical and biomechanical aspects. This paper presents the CFD results of a baseline model of a centrifugal blood pump for the ECMO condition. The details of flow characteristics of the baseline model together with the performance curves and the modified index of hemolysis(MIH) are investigated. Then, the geometry of baseline impeller and the volute are modified in order to improve the biomechanical performance and reduce the MIH value. The numerical simulations of two cases represent that when impeller radius and prime volume decrease the MIH value also decreases. In addition, the modified geometry shows more uniform pressure distribution inside the volute. The findings provide valuable information for further modification and improvement of centrifugal blood pumps from both mechanical and biomechanical aspects.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2011

The importance of shear thinning non-Newtonian blood rheology on the hemodynamic characteristics of idealized cerebral saccular aneurysms were investigated by carrying out CFD simulations assuming two different non-Newtonian rheology models (Carreau and Ballyk models). To explore effects of vessel curvature, a straight and a curved vessel geometry were considered. The wall shear stress(WSS), relative residence time(RRT) and velocity distribution were compared at the different phases of cardiac cycle. As expected, blood entered the aneurysm at the distal neck and created large vortex in both aneurysms, but with higher momentum on the curved vessel. Hemodynamic characteristics such as WSS, and RRT exhibited only minor effects by choice of different rheological models although Ballyk model produced relatively higher effects. We conclude that the assumption of Newtonian fluid is reasonable for studies aimed at quantifying the hemodynamic characteristics, in particular, WSS-based parameters, considering the current accuracy level of medical image of cerebral aneurysm.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 1989

Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) is a syndrome resulting from brain ischemia lasting less than 24 hours. The mechanisms of TIAs may be similar to those of cerebral embolism and thrombosis, and thus TIAs may be followed by cerebral infarction. Despite the availability of CT scanning, the diagnosis and management of TIAs continue to be difficult. Recently SPECT has been advocated as a diagnostic imaging modality. We performed Tc-99m-HMPAO regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) SPECT in 24 patients with the clinical diagnosis of TIAs to assess its ability to detect early changes of rCBF, and determine the diagnostic value. Ten men and fourteen women with an average of 51 years (range; 27-74 years) were included. All but 8 patients had normal brain CT prior to SPECT. The two patients had moderate degree of brain atrophy and the 6 patients nonspecific calcifications. Eighteen of the 24 patients had abnormal Tc-99m-HMPAO rCBF SPECT. Fifteen had unilateral involvement and the other three had bilateral involvements. Seventy-five percents of the defects were found in the left cerebral hemisphere. According to the distribution of the lesions (total number: 34 lesions), fourteen were in the parietal, eight in the temporal, and the remainders were elsewhere. Tc-99m-HMPAO rCBF SPECT is sensitive in detecting rCBF abnormalities in patients with TIAs, and represent the most accurate diagnostic tool available in the diagnosis of TIAs.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.23-41
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• 2010

Greater yang disease(太陽病) is a syndrome induced by peripheral obstruction. One of them is "wind stroke(中風)" with the obstruction in lymphatic system. The other obstruction appearing on circulatory system is called "cold damage(傷寒)." Kyejitang(桂枝湯) is the formula prescribed for greater yang wind stroke pattern(太陽中風證) which is caused by peripheral lymphatic duct obstruction. Ramulus Cinamoni acts as a vasodilator and Radix Paeoniae relieves the abdominal tension. They make blood move to the internal organ and this can remove the retention of peripheral lymphatic system. Covering the patient with a blanket and getting him/her to have hot and thin rice gruel causes slight Diaphoresis, contributing to relieving the retention of lymphatic system. Disharmony between nutrient and defense(營衛不和) means that pressure becomes different between lymphatic system and vascular system. Kyejitang(桂枝湯) is called releasing muscles formula(解肌劑) because it can resolve such pressure difference. Diaphoresis is not a means to eliminate pathogenic qi(邪氣) from the body. That is the syndrome proving that the body fluid has moved around when disordered fluid distribution is corrected. Therefore, diaphoresis should be induced weakly all the time. If diaphoresis is induced excessively, body fluid will move more than desired and then illness cannot be cured. In Sanghanlun(傷寒論), dispersing drugs aim at addressing the retention in the exterior field, but it actually applies to the entire exterior and interior to make body fluid move. Therefore, diaphoresis does not just act on exterior field, and freeing the stool does not only apply to interior field. Distribution of body fluid changed by pathogenic qi(邪氣) influences the whole body because the human body has a closed circulatory system. Sanghanlun(傷寒論) has included treatments for pathogenic disease. However, its value should not be limited to pathogenic disease. It is because controlling blood flow by sending body fluid to the place a doctor wants is certainly worth using for treatment of non-exogenous disease or chronic illnesses.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.295-305
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• 1988

It has been well known that the renal cortical blood flow rate was much higher than that of the medulla and the renal blood flow distribution was affected by hemorrhage, volume expansion or salt-loading. The existance of the heterogeneities of glomerular filtration rate and nephron has also been reported. In order to understand the regulations and physiological roles of the heterogeneities, studies on the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system have been focused. Although it is well known that the granularity of iuxtaglomerular cells and renal renin content are more marked in superficial than in the deep glomeruli, their physiological significance is not quite clear. This study was therefore undertaken to clarify changes in renin response and isoelectric ronin profile to TMB-8 in outer, mid and inner cotices of normotensive and hypertensive rats. The basal rate of renin release was highest in outer cortex of Sprague-Dawley rat (SDR), Wistar rat (WR) and spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). The basal renin release from outer and inner cortex of SHR was significantly lower than that from those of SDR. The reponse of renin release to TM8-8 was highest in mid cortex and the increase of renin release in response to TMB-8 from inner cortex of SDR was significantly higher than that in SHR. In dehydrated rats, the basal renin release from renal cortical slices of SDR was increased but that from WR and SHR was not. The response of renin release to TMB-8 from mid and inner cortex of dehydrated WR tended to increase. In dehyrated SHR, increase of renin release from inner cortex was significantly higher than that in euhydrated SHR. No significant differences in the isoelectric renin profile were found both in different cortical areas and strains. In dehydrated rats, the percentage of renin form 2 was decreased and those of renin form 5 and 6 were increased. These results suggest that the heterogeneity of renin release from cortical area of euhydrated and dehydrated rats in response to TMB-8 may be related to the changes of renal blood flow and/or calcium metabolism in cortical area. These data also suggest that the renin forms with different isoelectric points may have an physiological significance.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2003

정상적인 어린이와 ADHD 질환군 어린이와의 뇌혈류 상태를 비교하기 위하여 SPECT 영상을 획득하고, 정량적 분석 방법으로 유의수준별 혈류의 증가 또는 감소가 나타나는 클러스터(cluster)의 분포변화와 증가 또는 감소율의 변화를 조사하고자 한다. 64명의 어린이 ADHD환자군과 12명의 정상군에 대하여, Multi SPECT 3 (Simens) camera를 이용하여 방사성의약품 $^{99m}Tc-ECD$를 정맥 주사후 30분에 영상을 획득하고, 뇌혈류 상태를 통계적 파라미터 지도작성법(SPM99)으로 분석하였다 정상 어린이군에 대한 ADHD환자군의 뇌혈류 증가와 감소부위의 분포와 비교하기 위하여 통계적 유의수준 P<0.001부터 P<0.05범위에서 나타내었다. ADHD환자군의 뇌혈류 증가부위로 유의수준 P<0.003에서 P<0.01까지 대상회전에서 나타나기 시작하였으며, p<0.03에서 우측의 대뇌후엽, p<0.05에서는 소뇌 좌측상부 등 3개의 클러스터가 나타났다. 대상회전에서, 정상군에 비하여 ADHD 질환군이 평균 19.83%의 혈류증가율을 나타내었으며, 32명의 ADHD 환자는 19.83%이상 증가되었다. 대뇌 우측후엽에서는 정상군보다 평균 19.61%가 증가되었고, 환자 수는 36명이었다. 그리고 소뇌의 좌측상부에서는 평균18.72%의 증가율을 나타냈으며, 평균 증가율보다 더 많은 증가율을 나타내고 있는 ADHD 환자는 34명이었다. 각각의 클러스터에서 혈류 증가율과 환자 수는 유의수준의 변화에 영향을 받지 않았다. 뇌혈류감소의 경우, 유의수준 P<0.002에서 좌측의 대뇌전엽에서 감소를 나타내는 클러스터가 나타나기 시작하여, 유의수준 P<0.01까지 좌, 우의 대뇌전엽, 좌측의 대뇌 전장(claustrum). 우측의 대뇌측엽 등에서 감소된 클러스터가 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 좌측의 대뇌전엽에서 정상군에 비하여 18.79%가 감소되었고, ADHD환자중 36명은 18.7%이상 감소되었다. 좌측의 대뇌 전장에서는 18.41%가 감소되었고, 33명의 ADHD환자는 18.41%이상 감소되었다. 혈류의 감소율과 환자수는 유의수준 값의 변화에 영향을 받지 않았다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2015

광 리소그래피 공정을 이용하여 반강자성체 IrMn 층을 기반으로 하는 GMR-SV(giant magnetoresistance-spin valve) 소자 위에 ${\mu}m$ 선폭 크기의 코일을 적층하여 미크론 크기 코일을 제작하였다. GMR-SV 박막일 때와 소자 제작 후의 자기저항비와 자장감응도는 각각 4.4 %, 2.0 %/Oe와 1.6 %, 0.1 %/Oe로 나타났다. 여러 개의 $1{\mu}m$ 크기인 자성비드가 붙은 적혈구 바로 아래 위치에 놓일 소자와 10번 감은 미크론 크기 코일에 흐르는 AC 및 DC 전류 크기에 따른 자기장 분포를 유한요소법 전산모사로 분석하였다. 코일 중심인 $z=0{\mu}m$에서 주파수 20 kHz인 AC 전류가 0.1 mA에서 10.0 mA로 증가하면 이 값에 비례하여 자기장의 크기는 $30{\mu}T$에서 $3060{\mu}T$로 증가하였다. 그리고 코일 중심에서부터 $z=10{\mu}m$에서 자기장 크기는 $z=0{\mu}m$인 중심에서 보다 1/6배로 줄어들었다. 미크론 크기 코일에 흐르는 전류에 의해 생성되는 자기장은 적혈구 포획용으로 충분한 크기를 갖고 있어서 검출용 바이오센서로 활용 가능함을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제4권1호통권4호
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• pp.47-62
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• 1998

We explicate the forming mechanism of Sasang constitution as the principle of energy distribution which is based on the evolutionary hypothesis. The result was obtained as follows: 1. The principle of form-image (形象) in oriental medicine can be explained with the relation between structure and function that a life acquires through the adaptation and evolution. 2. The Sung-jung (性情) in Sasang constitutional medicine can be explained as the strategy for survival or the pattern of adaptation by which an individual or a species lives in this world. 3. The forming mechanism of Sasang constitutional organic phase (臟局) can be explained as the principle of energy distribution which includes three hypothesis (hypothesis of limited resources, hypothesis of preference and hypothesis of effectiveness). 4. It is postulated that the local hemodynamics is one of the most important factors that determine the difference of Sasang constitutional organic function. 5. The relation of metabolic rate, local hemodynamics and thermo-metabolism is inseparable and it is the important point of forming mechanism of Sasang constitution and the diagnosis of pulse.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한핵의학회 1991년도 제30차 춘계학술대회
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• pp.141.1-141.1
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• 1991