• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.641-648
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• 2003

Changes of plasma DNA contents and serum biochemical values were measured in rats administered with $HgCl_2$ to investigate the in vivo cytotoxic effects of mercury and examine the usefulness of these changes as indicators of mercury exposure and diagnosis of mercury poisoning. Rats were given once intraperitonealy $HgCl_2$(0.13. 0.32. 0.8 and 2 mg/kg b.w) and the changes of plasma DNA contents and serum biochemical values were measured at the time of 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the administration of $HgCl_2$. Plasma DNA contents began to increase from 2 hours after the administration of $HgCl_2$ in all the treatment groups significantly compared to control with dose-dependent pattern. The levels of plasma DNA reached to peak at 48 hours as 2.77, 7.60, 15.46 and 16.51 times higher than control in each treatment group of 0.13, 0.32, 0.8 and 2 mg/kgb.w, respectively and remained to be higher until 72 hours after the administration. The values of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen and glucose of serum were increased, however the values of alkaline phosphatase, total protein and triglyceride were decreased. These changes of increase and decrease showed dose-dependent pattern but the starting time, maintenance and magnitude of change were various and characteristic according to serum biochemical indices. Among the changes of serum biochemical values, those of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and blood urea nitrogen were apparently and significantly increased compared to control from 2 to 72 hours by the administration of 2 mg/kg $HgCl_2$. This study demonstrates that plasma DNA and serum biochemical values such as aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen and etc. are valuable as biomarkers for mercury exposure assessment and diagnosis of mercury poisoning.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.137-147
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• 2008

Investigations for hematologic and biochemical values and the differential count of WBC for Korean indigenous cattle (KIC)is rarely performed. Therefore, when the index of complete blood counts (CBC) and biochemical analysis of KIC was requested, it had many difficulties to make the results for blood condition since the standard hematologic and biochemical values of KIC are lacking. In the present study, we have investigated the hematologic and biochemical values and the differential count of WBC for blood of total 252 KIC and 17 striped cattle (SC) as a control. As a result, the mean values of RBC and platelet of KIC were significantly decreased by age (P<0.05). The mean values of RBC, HCT, MCV and MCHC between KIC and SC of the same age (2 - 3 years) showed the statistical significance (P<0.05). Also, in the WBC of KIC, the mean values were decreased according to the age from $12.8{\times}10^3/{\mu}l$ under 1 year to $8.5{\times}10^3/{\mu}l$ over 5 years. In the differential count of WBC of KIC, it showed generally the rates of 45% lymphocyte and 35% segmented neutrophil. In the biochemical analysis, the mean values of BUN and globulin were significantly increased according to the age (P<0.05). Additionally, in comparative analysis between pregnant and non-pregnant group of KIC, the mean values of Hg and HCT in pregnant group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). In conclusion, data obtained from this study may be valuable as a standard for interpretation of the results in hematologic and biochemical analysis of KIC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.748-753
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• 2007

Serum biochemical values were measured in blood samples collected from 8 fasted stags from both jugular and femoral veins at 18-day intervals during antler growth. Samples were analyzed for blood substrate, enzyme activity values, minerals and electrolyte. There were no significant differences in total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, triglyceride, glucose or cholesterol concentration between veins or sampling dates. However, total-bilirubin concentration in the jugular vein on the casting date was three times higher than on the other sampling dates (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase with progressing antler growth. The highest level of alkaline phosphatase concentration was on day 55 after casting. There were no significant differences in inorganic phosphorus, sodium and chloride concentration between jugular and femoral samples. Calcium concentration was significantly higher in the femoral vein on the cutting date (55 day) than in the jugular vein (p<0.05). There were few changes in serum biochemical values. However, some electrolytes and minerals had differences during antler growth. It is suggested that despite such a big event as antler growth, blood biochemical values are not variable if feeding conditions are consistently maintained as was the case in this study.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.74-78
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• 2003

We executed this experiment to observe side effects of warfarin, the anticoagulant that is used for preventing thrombus in cardiovascular surgery for calves. The 6 calves(70-130 kg) were used in this experiment regardless of sexes. We administered warfarin at 0.07 mg/kg daily for 25 days. Blood was collected before warfarin administration, every five days for 30 days. PCV, RBC, WBC, fibrinogen, total protein and platelet as blood test, prothrombin time (PT) as blood coagulation test, and AST, SDH, total bilirubin, BUN and creatinine as serum biochemical tests were measured. As the result of the experiment, PT has been gradually increased after warfarin administration. It has been gradually increased and remains within the therapeutic range from the third day to the 28th day. PCV and RBC were decreased significantly from the value before the administration (p < 0.05). In the serum biochemical test, SDH shows significant increase comparing the value before the administration (p < 0.05). AST and total bilirubin were increased gradually from the value before the administration. Considering the result of the experiment, to give wafarin to prevent thrombus in cardiovascular surgery, we can get anticoagulation effect with minimal administration(0.07 mg/kg, PO) from the third day of the administration. However because of the decreased PCV and RBC, it may cause anemia. It may cause damage to liver based on the result of serum biochemical test.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 1993

This study examined the incidence of disease and blood biochemical values in 68 Holstein cattle during the a month period after parturition. In order to compare the blood biochemical values, the animals were divided into 2 groups of prepartum and 4 groups of postpartum according to the blood collecting day, respectively. The results compared postpartum with prepartum were obtained as follows : the incidences of displacement of abomasum, culled and retained placenta were 11.8%. 13.2% and 8.8%, respectively. In the normal group(pre and post parturition group), NEFA and bilirubin were increased. Triglyceride and cholesterol were significantly lower than In the pre-parturition group, and total lipid was decreased. In the disease group, displacement of abomasum was significantly higher than in the normal group in the levels of NEFA, triglyceride and bilirubin. Culled was significantly higher than in the normal group in the levels of NEFA, AST and bilirubin. but lower than in the normal group in the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol. Retained placenta was significantly higher than in the normal group in the levels of NEFA and bilirubin, but lower than in the normal group in the levels of triglyceride.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.451-455
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• 2008

Body weights and blood biochemical values in chickens infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV)-HI, a Korean isolate, were studied. REV-HI causes severe body weight depression in chickens inoculated but not in chicken contact-infected. Body weights of infected chickens in 3, 4, and 5 weeks after infection were 78%, 76% and 65% of those of control respectively. Blood glucose levels in REVinfected chickens were extremely high compared with those in control (226 $\geq$ 21 vs. 814 $\geq$91.3 mg/dl in week 2) during the experiment period. Triglyceride levels in REV-infected chickens were significantly higher in week 2 and 3, whereas in week 4, REV-infected chickens showed significantly lower levels than the control. Blood lipase, amylase and alkaline phosphatase levels of REV-infected chickens in week 2 were significantly higher, whereas cholesterol, magnesium and calcium values in week 4 were significantly lower than the control. Other blood biochemical values such as alkaline aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and $\gamma$-glutamyltransferase were nonsignificantly different from the control. These above results suggest that weight depression by REV may be related with increase of blood glucose, which indicated that REV-infected chickens could not use blood glucose as energy source.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1169-1172
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to establish blood reference values for miniature pigs from various growth ages before pre-puberty. 12 miniature pigs from two swine farms were sampled by jugular venipuncture. Routine hematological and biochemical determinations were performed using whole blood and serum. For the variables examined in each age group the means and the standard deviations were calculated. In hematological values, there are significant changes (p<0.05) in RBC, hematocrit and platelet values in each group. In RBC and hematocrit values, 4-week group shows the lowest level, whereas in platelet values, 4-week group shows the highest level. In biochemical values, there are significant chnges (p<0.05) in glucose and GGT in each group, and in other biochemical values there are no significant changes during growing periods. The values presented here may be useful for knowing the normal values for miniature pigs and also screening the normal pigs in the early days of their life and during the developemental stages.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.391-396
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• 2002

cows, in order to suggest a means for the improvement of milk production. A total of 30 Holstein cows (3rd to 5th of parity) were used and assigned to two groups according This study investigated blood biochemical values between high and low yielding dairy to milk production levels at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days postpartum. Milk production of group A was less than an average of 27 kg/day and that of group B was an average of 30 kg/day. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture from each cow six times at 15 days before the anticipated calving date, within 12 hours postpartum (0 days) and at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after calving. In serum mineral concentrations, group B was consistently higher than group A in both Mg and Ca. Inorganic phosphorus concentrations showed a little fluctuation between the groups at antepartum and at postpartum, but group B was significantly higher than group A at 15 and 30 days after calving (p < 0.05). In serum biochemical values cholesterol concentrations were consistently higher in group B except at 0 days. BUN and glucose concentrations did not differ between the groups. The concentration of vitamin A of group B was significantly higher than group A at 15 days before the anticipated calving date and at 15 days postpartum (p < 0.01), but at 30, 60 and 90 days postpartum vitamin A concentration of both groups were similar. Vitamin E concentration did not differ between the groups during the experimental period. Results of this study suggest that raising the levels of Mg, Ca, Pi and vitamin A in serum would be effective in increasing milk production of low producing cows.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.395-400
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• 2020

Pigs have been used widely in biomedical research owing to their physiologic and anatomic similarities to humans. Analysis of the hematologic and biochemical values in pigs is an important basis for biomedical research and veterinary clinical diagnosis, but research on transgenic pigs has been sparse. This study was conducted to obtain basic data on transgenic pigs and to describe and compare the reference values for hematologic and biochemical parameters in human tissue plasminogen activator (htPA) transgenic pigs vs normal pigs. Blood samples were obtained from 7 normal LY (Landrace-Yorkshire crossbred) pigs and 8 transgenic pigs and 16 hematologic and 15 serum biochemical parameters were tested. Among the hematologic parameters tested, significant differences were observed in the red blood cells (RBC), mean red blood cell hemoglobin (MCH), and lymphocytes (LYM), between the non-transgenic and transgenic pigs. Among the biochemical parameters tested, the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein (TP), cholesterol (CHOL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine (CREA), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), globin (GOB), and amylase (AMYL) showed significant differences between the two groups. Thus, the values determined in this study can be used as basic reference values for transgenic pigs and will contribute to their use in biomedical research.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.471-476
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• 1996

Blood biochemical and histopathological changes in vital organs of rabbits were studied after 19 wk of feeding composite diets (75 concentrate : 25 roughage) incorporating either urea (2%, wt/wt) ammoniated or alkali (1.5%, wt/wt) treated neem kernel meal (NKM) replacing peanut meal protein of control diet by either 50 or 100%. The blood biochemical constituents (Haemoglobin, Alanine amino transferase, Aspartate amino transferase, Total protein, Blood urea nitrogen &Cholesterol) in rabbits fed on processed NKM diet at either levels, were comparable to the values of thos on control diet except a lowered (p < 0.05) blood glucose concentration in processed NKM fed rabbits as compared to that in control diet fed ones. Histological examination revealed increased goblet cell activity, stunting of jejunal villi, mild tubular degeneration in kidney and hepatic fibro-cellular reaction in rabbits fed on urea ammoniated and alkali treated NKM diets with less marked changes in the latter. Testicular changes with variable degree of disorganization and vacuolation of spermatogonial cells were noticed in rabbits fed higher levels of urea-ammoniated and alkali treated NKM. Thus, alkali treatment and urea-ammoniation were effective in detoxification of meal, but the processing technology is to be further perfected to prevent cumulative effect of residual neem bitters in long term feeding.