• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.17-19
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• 2020

HIV/AIDS disease still remain a global pandemic and it's management has undergone series of treatment changes and improvement although there is still no permanent cure.Dolutegravir belongs to a group of HIV drugs called integrase inhibitors. Integrase inhibitors block an HIV enzyme called integrase. By blocking integrase, integrase inhibitors prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.Dolutegravir combination based regimen has turned out to be very effective (antiviral) with negligible rare side effects on clients. This drug (Dolutegravir based regimen) combination has successfully increased the appetite for food of all the clients, unlike others and has shown to reduce viral load in the most shortest period ever. It can be deduced that development of resistant mutant virus will be reduced if not eliminated with dolutogravir based regimen.The role of Continuous adherence counseling has shown to improve clients treatment management. It is important to note that the availability of food has direct effect on the economic status or financial weight on the client. Hence the progress that is increase in body mass index (BMI) is a direct impact of the availability of food for the clients.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.81-81
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• 2003

Glibenclamide, a sulfonylurea derivative, has been used in tile treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. Recent studies provided evidence that glibenclamide, in addition to blocking ATP-sensitive $K^{+}$ channels, also affected Na$^{+}$-K$^{+}$ pumps and L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels in noncardiac cells. The effect of glibenclamide on the cardiac muscle is not clearly known. In the present study, the effects of glibenclamide on intracellular Na$^{+}$ concentration ([Na$^{+}$]$_{i}$ ), twitch tension, $Ca^{2+}$ transient, and membrane potential were investigated in isolated guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Glibenclamide at concentration of 200 $\mu$M increased [Na$^{+}$]$_{i}$ by 3.9$\pm$0.4 mM (mean $\pm$ SE, n=12), decreased twitch tension by 36.1 $\pm$ 4.0％ (mean $\pm$ SE, n=8), reduced $Ca^{2+}$ transient by 24.4$\pm$5.1％ (mean $\pm$ SE, n=3), slightly depolarized diastolic membrane potential, and did not change action potential duration. To determine whether inhibitions of Na$^{+}$-K$^{+}$ pumps and L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels are responsible for the increase of [Na$^{+}$]$_{i}$ and the decrease of twitch tension, we tested effects of glibenclamide on Na$^{+}$-K$^{+}$ pump current and L-type $Ca^{2+}$ current. Glibenclamide decreased Na$^{+}$-K$^{+}$ pump current and L-type $Ca^{2+}$ current in a concentration-dependent manner.t in a concentration-dependent manner.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.44-54
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• 2011

첨단도로 안전시설물, 첨단교통관리기법 등을 기반으로 하는 다양한 첨단 교통서비스는 교통사고 등의 돌발상황을 감소시킬 것으로 예상되며, 이에 따라 도로의 지 정체 역시 감소될 것이다. 따라서 안전성 향상에 따른 지 정체 감소효과를 편익항목에 포함시킬 수 있다. 그러나 현재 우리나라의 투자평가지침에서는 이를 편익으로 계상하지 않고 있다. 스마트도로에서 제공하는 첨단 교통서비스는 인프라의 초기 투자비용을 상승시키지만 새로운 서비스로 인한 편익이 계상되지 않아 비용/편익 분석 시에 경제성을 확보하지 못하는 문제점을 가지게 된다. 따라서 본 연구는 과거 3년간의 고속도로 사고 자료를 이용하여 평균 차로차단시간을 추정하고, 미시적 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 구축된 자료와 회귀분석기법을 통해 지체시간 추정모형을 개발하였다. 또한 개발된 모형이 투자평가기법에 적용될 수 있도록 계량화에 필요한 원단위(평균용량감소비율 등)를 제시하였다. 개발된 방법론을 스마트하이웨이사업 사례에 적용 결과, 스마트 안전시설로 인한 사고감소율을 10%로 가정하였을 경우, 30년 동안 총 안전성 향상 편익은 1,392억 원에 이르는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2010

국내에서는 아날로그 TV를 디지털 TV (DTV)로 전환하는 과정에서 채널 14 ~ 채널 51(470 MHz ~ 698 MHz)에 DTV 서비스의 할당을 계획하고 있다. 그러므로 DTV 서비스와 인접한 채널에 할당될 잠재적 서비스와의 간섭영향 분석이 필요하다. 이에 본 논문은 DTV 서비스가 채널 51(692 MHz ~ 698 MHz), IMT 서비스가 채널 52(698 MHz ~ 704 MHz)의 할당을 가정한 후, Spectrum Engineering Advanced Monte Carlo Analysis Tool(SEAMCAT)을 이용하여 DTV 서비스와 IMT 서비스간의 간섭 영향을 분석하였다. 분석을 위해 네 가지 시나리오를 설정하고 IMT 서비스로부터 DTV 서비스에 미치는 간섭의 확률과 DTV 서비스로부터 IMT 서비스에 미치는 용량의 손실을 분석하여 이를 바탕으로 보호 대역을 산출하였다. 그 결과 편파감쇠를 반영한 IMT 서비스의 다운링크(Downlink)와 DTV간에 간섭 분석시 8 MHz의 보호대역이 산출되었고, 최악의 경우인 도심지역에서 IMT 서비스 BS(Base Station)의 블러킹 레벨을 15 dB 증가한 후 DTV 서비스와 IMT 서비스 업링크(Uplink)간에 간섭 분석시 6 MHz의 보호 대역이 산출되었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1195-1201
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• 2004

Tyrosinase was covalently immobilized on platinum electrode according to the method we developed for laccase (Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2002, 23(7), 385) and p-chlorophenol, p-cresol, and phenol could be detected with sensitivities of 334, 139 and 122 nA/ ${\mu}M$ and the detection limits of 1.0, 2.0, and 2.5 ${\mu}M$, respectively. The response time ($t_{90\%}$) is 3 seconds for p-chlorophenol, and 5 seconds for p-cresol and phenol. The optimal pHs of the sensor are in the range of 5.0- 6.0. This sensor can tolerate at least 500 times repeated injections of p-chlorophenol with retaining 80% of initial activity. In case of tyrosinase and laccase co immobilized platinum electrode, the sensitivities are 560 nA/ ${\mu}M$ for p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and 195 nA/ ${\mu}M$ for p-chlorophenol, respectively. The sensitivity of the bi-enzyme sensor for PPD increases 70% compared to that of only laccase immobilized one, but the sensitivity for p-chlorophenol decreases 40% compared to that of only tyrosinase immobilized one. The sensitivity increase for the bi-enzyme sensor for PPD can be ascribed to the additional catalytic function of the co-immobilized tyrosinase. The sensitivity decrease for p-chlorophenol can be explained by the “blocking effect” of the co-immobilized laccase, which hinders the mass transport through the immobilized layer. If PPD was detected with the electrode that had been used for p-chlorophenol, the sensitivity decreased 20% compared to that of the electrode that had been used only for PPD. Similarly, if p-chlorophenol was detected with PPD detected electrode, the sensitivity also decreased 20%. The substrate-induced conformation changes of the enzymes in a confined layer may be responsible for the phenomena.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.859-867
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• 2011

The cold start problem is one of major obstacles to overcome for the commercialization of fuel cell vehicles. However, the cold start characteristics of fuel cell systems are very complicated since various phenomena, i.e. ice-blocking, electro-chemical reactions, heat transfer, and defrosting of BOP components, are involved in them. This paper presents a framework to approach the problem at a full stack scale using Axiomatic Design (AD). It was characterized in terms of Functional Requirements (FRs) and Design Parameters (DPs) while their relations were established in a design matrix. Considering the design matrix, the endplates should have low thermal conductivity and capacity without increase in weight or decrease in structural stiffness. Consequently, composite sandwich endplates were proposed and examined both through finite element analyses and experiments simulating cold start conditions. From the examinations, it was found that the composite sandwich endplates significantly contributed to improving the cold start characteristics of PEMFC.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2016

Graphene has a monolayer crystal structure formed with C-atoms and has been used as a base layer of HETs (hot electron transistors). Graphene HETs have exhibited the operation at THz frequencies and higher current on/off ratio than that of Graphene FETs. In this article, we report on the preliminary results of current characteristics from the HETs which are fabricated utilizing highly doped Si collector, graphene base, and 5 nm thin $Al_2O_3$ tunnel layers between the base and Ti emitter. We have observed E-B forward currents are inherited to tunneling through $Al_2O_3$ layers, but have not noticed the Schottky barrier blocking effect on B-C forward current at the base/collector interface. At the common-emitter configuration, under a constant $V_{BE}$ between 0~1.2V, $I_C$ has increased linearly with $V_{CE}$ for $V_{CE}$ < $V_{BE}$ indicating the saturation region. As the $V_{CE}$ increases further, a plateau of $I_C$ vs. $V_{CE}$ has appeared slightly at $V_{CE}{\simeq}V_{BE}$, denoting forward-active region. With further increase of $V_{CE}$, $I_C$ has kept increasing probably due to tunneling through thin Schottky barrier between B/C. Thus the current on/off ration has exhibited to be 50. To improve hot electron effects, we propose the usage of low doped Si substrate, insertion of barrier layer between B/C, or substrates with low electron affinity.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.410-413
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• 2007

불균일계 중합촉매내 내부전자공여체(ID)의 존재 유무와 종류가 에틸렌과 1-부텐 간의 공중합에서 얻어지는 공중합물에 미치는 영향에 대하여 살펴보았다. 실리카 담지 $TiCl_4$ 촉매를 실리카 담지체에 ethylaluminium dichloride, magnesium alkyl, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, $TiCl_4$와 여러 종류의 ID 등을 이용하여 제조하였으며 이 때 ID와 Ti의 몰비를 0.5로 고정하였다. ID는 ethylbenzoate(EB), diisobuylphthalate(DIBP), dioctylphthalate(DOP)을 사용하였다. ID가 촉매 내에 존재하는 경우 Ti(+3)의 함량비가 증가하였다. 공중합 활성은 EB를 $TiCl_4$ 반응 후에 투입한 촉매가 가장 높았으며 그 외의 ID가 존재하는 촉매는 활성이 감소하는 현상을 보였다. Xylene soluble(XS) 측정값은 ID가 존재하는 모든 중합촉매가 ID가 없는 경우 보다 50% 이상 감소하였으며 Crystaf 분석 결과 DIBP가 존재하는 촉매가 상대적으로 균일한 화학조성분포를 보였다. 이는 ID가 분균일한 촉매활성점을 보다 균일하게 만드는 역할에서 기인한 것으로 보이며 입체규칙성을 갖는 활성점을 만들거나 비입체규칙성 활성점을 blocking하는 역할 때문인 것으로 설명할 수 있다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.783-790
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• 2007

The immobilization of proteins and their molecular interactions on various polymer-modified glass substrates [i.e. 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS), 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS), poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA), chitosan (CHI), glutaraldehyde (GA), 3-(trichlorosilyl)propyl methacrylate (TPM), 3'-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and poly-l-lysine (PL).] for potential applications in a nanoarray protein chip at the single-molecule level was evaluated using prismtype dual-color total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (dual-color TIRFM). A dual-color TIRF microscope, which contained two individual laser beams and a single high-sensitivity camera, was used for the rapid and simultaneous dual-color detection of the interactions and colocalization of different proteins labeled with different fluorescent dyes such as Alexa Fluor® 488, Qdot® 525 and Alexa Fluor® 633. Most of the polymer-modified glass substrates showed good stability and a relative high signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio over a 40-day period after making the substrates. The GPTS/CHI/GA-modified glass substrate showed a 13.5-56.3% higher relative S/N ratio than the other substrates. 1% Top-Block in 10 mM phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) showed a 99.2% increase in the blocking effect of non-specific adsorption. These results show that dual-color TIRFM is a powerful methodology for detecting proteins at the single-molecule level with potential applications in nanoarray chips or nano-biosensors.

• 약학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.101-111
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• 1988

$[^3H]$ Quinuclidinyl benzilate(QNB) binding assays were performed in the dog ventricular sarcolemma fraction enriched approx. 32-fold in sarcolemma compared to the starting homogenate to elucidate the effect of antihistaminics on cardiac muscarinic receptor. Chlorpheniramine(CHP) inhibited specific binding of $[^3H]$QNB and delayed the equilibrium binding. The rate constants at $37^{\circ}C$ for formation and dissociation of the QNB receptor complex were $0.38{\times}10^9\;M^{-1}$ and $1.6{\times}10^{-2}\;min^{-1}$, respectively. The mean value for the dissociation constant from the pairs of the rate constants was 43. 2 pM and this value was similar to the value(44.8pM) determined from Scatchard analysis. CHP decreased association rate constant, indicating increase in $K_D$ value. Decrease in affinity without affecting the binding site concentration$(B_{max})$ for $[^3H]$QNB binding by CHP was also demonstrated by Scatchard analysis. $K_i$ values for $H_i$-blockers that inhibited specific $[^3H]$QNB binding were $0.02{\sim}4.8{\mu}M$. Cimetidine with $K_i$ value of $230{\mu}M$, however, was ineffective in displacing $[^3H]$QNB binding at concentration of $50{\mu}M$. The Hill coefficient for $H_1$-blockers were about one. The results indicate that $H_1$-antihistaminics inhibit $[^3H]$ QNB binding by interaction with myocardiac muscarinic cholinergic receptor and anticholinergic side effects of these drugs are mainly due to this receptor blocking mechanism.