• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.613-625
• /
• 2019

The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices have greatly influenced many industries and one of them is healthcare where wearable devices started to track all your daily activities for better health monitoring accuracy and even down to tracking daily food intake in some cases. With the amounts of data that are being tracked and shared between from these devices, questions were raised on how to uphold user's data privacy when data is shared between these IoT devices and third party. With the blockchain platforms started to mature since its inception, the technology can be implemented according to a variety of use case scenarios. In this paper, we present a system architecture based on the healthcare system and IoT network by leveraging on multiple blockchain networks as the medium in between that should enable users to have direct authority on data accessibility of their shared data. We provide proof of concept implementation and highlight the results from our testing to show how the efficiency and scalability of the healthcare system improved without having a significant impact on the performance of the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) that mostly affected by the previous solution since these solutions directly connected to a public blockchain network and which resulted in significant delays and high cost of operation when a large amount of data or complicated functions are involved.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.7
• /
• pp.283-290
• /
• 2022

Blockchain is a technology that secures integrity and transparency by distributing and storing transaction details within multiple node networks. Recently, research is being conducted to secure integrity by applying blockchain to Bill of Lading (B/L documents) of monetary value. In this paper, we study a blockchain-based bill of lading system to improve usability. The shippers register the issued bill of lading on the blockchain, and banks in each country read it to conduct L/C transactions. The consignees receive the goods after completing certification with a quick response code (QR) containing the bill of lading information. Through this, shippers enjoy merits in that they can shorten the time and cost of sending shipping documents by mail and prove the integrity of the documents. The consignees have the advantage of being able to check the documents at the same time as they are registered and trust the transaction. Finally, on the bank side, the security of shipping documents is ensured and verification can be done quickly.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.371-401
• /
• 2022

If the blockchain means storing information in a distributed environment that cannot be forged or altered, it is mentioned that this is similar to what librarians collect, preserve, and share authoritative information. In this way, this study examined blockchain technology as a way to collect and provide reliable information, increase work efficiency inside and outside the library, and strengthen cooperative networks. This study attempted to propose various ways to utilize blockchain technology in book relations based on literature surveys and case studies in other fields. To this end, this study first analyzed the field and cases of blockchain application to confirm the possibility and value of blockchain application in the library field, and proposed 12 ways to utilize it based on this. The utilization model was proposed by dividing it into operation and service sectors. In the operation sector, it is a digital identity-based user record storage and authentication function, transparent management and traceable monitoring function, voting-based personnel and recruitment system, blockchain governance-based network efficiency function, and blockchain-based next-generation device management and information integration function. The service sector includes improved book purchase and sharing efficiency due to simplification of intermediaries, digital content copyright protection and management functions, customized service provision based on customer behavior analysis, blockchain-based online learning platforms, sharing platforms, and P2P-based reliable information sharing platforms.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.22 no.7
• /
• pp.157-164
• /
• 2022

The proposed privacy preserving scheme has identified the drawbacks of existing schemes in Vehicular Networks. This prototype enhances the number of nodes by decreasing the cluster size. This algorithm is integrated with the whale optimization algorithm and Block Chain Technology. A set of results are done through the NS-2 simulator in the direction to check the effectiveness of proposed algorithm. The proposed method shows better results than with the existing techniques in terms of Delay, Drop, Delivery ratio, Overhead, throughout under the denial of attack.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.1103-1112
• /
• 2022

Blockchain technology is widespread in everyday life and various industry fields. It guarantees integrity and transparency between blockchain network participants through a distributed ledger. The smart contract is modifying and managing the distributed ledger, which is the most important component of guaranteeing integrity and transparency of blockchain network. Still, smart contracts are also a component of blockchain networks, it is disclosed to network participants transparently. For this reason, the vulnerability of smart contracts could be revealed easily. To mitigate this, various studies are leveraging TEE to guarantee the confidentiality of smart contracts. In existing studies, TEE provides confidentiality of smart contracts but guaranteeing the integrity of smart contracts is out of their scope. In this study, we provide not only the confidentiality of smart contracts but also their integrity, by guaranteeing the CFI of smart contracts within TEE.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.271-277
• /
• 2022

PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant) is a consensus algorithm that can achieve consensus by resolving unintentional and intentional faults in a distributed network environment and can guarantee high performance and absolute finality. However, as the size of the network increases, the network load also increases due to message broadcasting that repeatedly occurs during the consensus process. Due to the characteristics of the PBFT algorithm, it is suitable for small/private blockchain, but there is a limit to its application to large/public blockchain. Because PBFT affects the performance of blockchain networks, the industry should test whether PBFT is suitable for products and services, and academia needs a unified evaluation metric and technology for PBFT performance improvement research. In this paper, quantitative evaluation metrics and evaluation frameworks that can evaluate PBFT family consensus algorithms are studied. In addition, the throughput, latency, and fault tolerance of PBFT are evaluated using the proposed PBFT evaluation framework.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.24 no.8
• /
• pp.32-42
• /
• 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) is set to transform patient care by enhancing data collection, analysis, and management through medical sensors and wearable devices. However, the convergence of IoT device vulnerabilities and the sensitivity of healthcare data raises significant data integrity and privacy concerns. In response, this research introduces the Smart-Coord system, a practical and affordable solution for securing healthcare IoT. Smart-Coord leverages blockchain technology and coordinate-based access management to fortify healthcare IoT. It employs IPFS for immutable data storage and intelligent Solidity Ethereum contracts for data integrity and confidentiality, creating a hierarchical, AES-CBC-secured data transmission protocol from IoT devices to blockchain repositories. Our technique uses a unique coordinate system to embed confidentiality and integrity regulations into a single access control model, dictating data access and transfer based on subject-object pairings in a coordinate plane. This dual enforcement technique governs and secures the flow of healthcare IoT information. With its implementation on the Matic network, the Smart-Coord system's computational efficiency and cost-effectiveness are unparalleled. Smart-Coord boasts significantly lower transaction costs and data operation processing times than other blockchain networks, making it a practical and affordable solution. Smart-Coord holds the promise of enhancing IoT-based healthcare system security by managing sensitive health data in a scalable, efficient, and secure manner. The Smart-Coord framework heralds a new era in healthcare IoT adoption, expertly managing data integrity, confidentiality, and accessibility to ensure a secure, reliable digital environment for patient data management.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.151-157
• /
• 2021

Recently, IoT technology has been applied to various cloud environments, requiring accurate verification of various information generated by IoT devices. However, due to the convergence of IoT technologies and 5G technologies, accurate analysis is required as IoT information processing is rapidly processed. This paper proposes a blockchain-based multi-IoT verification model for overlay cloud environments. The proposed model multi-processes IoT information by further classifying IoT information two layers (layer and layer) into bits' blockchain to minimize the bottleneck of overlay networks while ensuring the integrity of information sent and received from embedded IoT devices within local IoT groups. Furthermore, the proposed model allows the layer to contain the weight information, allowing IoT information to be easily processed by the server. In particular, transmission and reception information between IoT devices facilitates server access by distributing IoT information from bits into blockchain to minimize bottlenecks in overlay networks and then weighting IoT information.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.6 no.6
• /
• pp.565-575
• /
• 2022

In this paper, we propose a non-fungible token (NFT) transaction method that can commercialize the real 3D property and make property sharing possible using the 3D reconstruction technique. In addition, our proposed method enhances the security of NFT copyright and metadata by using optical encryption. In general, a conventional NFT is used for 2D image proprietorial rights. To expand the scope of the use of tokens, many cryptocurrency industries are currently trying to apply tokens to real three-dimensional (3D) property. However, many token markets have an art copyright problem. Many tokens have been minted without considering copyrights. Therefore, tokenizing real property can cause significant social issues. In addition, there are not enough methods to mint 3D real property for NFT commercialization and sharing property tokens. Therefore, we propose a new token management technique to solve these problems using integral imaging and double random phase encryption. To show our system, we conduct a private NFT market using a test blockchain network that can demonstrate the whole NFT transaction process.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.59-72
• /
• 2019

Purpose - Blockchain technology, which has the characteristics of credibility, security, integrity and decentralization, has brought innovation to internet platforms that mediate peer to peer transactions, as well as changes to the contents distribution services. Blockchain-based copyright distribution platforms can solve problems which have been articulated on prior internet social networks: increased market dominance of platform business because of centralization with no reward to creators who upload on platforms, and lack of fairness, such as unfair profit distribution between the copyright holder and businesses. With this background, the current research confirmed the factors that affect the intention of usage and behaviors, targeting potential users of blockchain-based copyright distribution platforms. Research design, data, and methodology - Centered around the UTAUT2 Model, the research model was designed with 'Perceived Security' added as Construct, and 'Age' and 'Knowledge Level' added as moderating variables. For data, 607 responses were collected by an online survey, and 601 responses were included in the final analysis. We analyzed the research model and sample by using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 on the collected responses. Results - First, results of research on whether Constructs make positive effects on Intention of use is: social influence, facilitating conditions, habit, and perceived security had positive effects on intention of use, and performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, and economic value did not. Second, results of the research on whether facilitating condition, habit, and intention of use made an impact on using behaviors, it was shown that only habit and intention of use made positive effects. Third, in two groups divided by age above or under 40, group effort expectancy, intention of use, habit, and intention of use had controlling effects, and facilitating condition, intention of use, perceived security, and intention of use had effects in both groups. Conclusions - The research shows that no matter how great a blockchain-based platform is, if advantages of blockchain are not proved in various industries and utilized in real life like the internet, blockchain-based distribution systems will develop slowly. Rather than a short-term inducement emphasizing technology, there is a need for a strategic approach that can foster the environment.