• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.50-53
• /
• 2018

We present a patient with metastatic colon carcinoma who developed paraplegia following a neurolytic splanchnic block. A 41-year old man with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon received a splanchnic neurolytic block using alcohol because of severe abdominal pain. Bilateral motor weakness and a sensorial deficit in both legs developed after the procedure. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging revealed spinal cord ischemia between T8 and L1. The motor and sensorial deficits were almost completely resolved at the end of the third month. We think that anterior spinal artery syndrome due to reversible spasms of the lumbar radicular arteries using alcohol have resulted in transient paraplegia. The retrograde spread of alcohol to neural structures may have also contributed.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.125-128
• /
• 1988

A case of the left stellate ganglion block (SGB) with a warm serration of the left lower extremity in a 25-year-old male soldier is presented. During the Korean War, this patient received a penetrating gun shot wound from the right knee through the left abdominal wall, left upper arm and left thumb. He was evacuated to the a marine corps surgical hospital where amputation of the left thumb and an end-to-end anatomosis of the left brachial artery were performed. After surgery, left ulnar and median nerve paralysis and causalgia developed and about 9 months later an upper thoracic ganglionectomy was proposed at the Chin-Hae Navel Hospital. Before the ganglionectomy a stellate ganglion block for diagnostic and prognostic purposes was requested by the surgeon. This block was performed by the supraclavicular anterior approach using 10 ml of 2% procaine. The effect of the block including Horner's syndrome was confirmed 5 minute later in this patient. This patient returned to the ward by walking unassisted 10 minutes after the block, and complained of a warm sensation in the left lower extremity 20 minutes later as well as the left upper arm. This warm sensation in the lower extremity following ipsilateral stellate ganglion block indicates that the local anesthetics solution injected tinto the neck spread down to lumbar sympathetic ganalgion along the fascial membrane of the sympathetic chain as a consequence of the 10 minutes walk.

• 문화기술의 융합
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.435-441
• /
• 2019

최근 블록체인 기술이 발전하면서, 다양한 분야에 접목되어 사용되고 있다. 블록체인의 분산형 구조이기에 거래의 신뢰성과 정보 추적이 용이하다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 복지시스템에 접목시켜 역경매가 가능한 봉사 활동 관리시스템을 설계 하여, 이를 이용한 복지 크레딧 관리 시스템을 제안한다. 현 봉사활동의 문제점과 봉사활동 크레딧에 사용될 플랫폼을 소개하며, 이를 통해서 앞으로의 개발 목표와 네트워크 참여자를 늘리기 위한 보상, 사용의 편의성 증대에 관한 내용을 설명하였다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2011

본 논문에서는 CMOS 회로를 이용한 스프레드 스펙트럼 클록 발생기(SSCG)를 제안하고 구현하였다. 지연고정루프(DLL)의 저역통과필터(LPF)에 스프레드 스펙트럼 클럭 변조 로직에 의해 조절되는 전하펌프를 연결하여 전압 제어지연로직(VCDL)에 가해지는 제어전압을 조절함으로써 주파수의 변화를 유도하는 방법을 사용하였다. 이와 같은 구조에서는 변조 비율을 조절하기 위한 부가적인 회로가 필요없기 때문에 레이아웃 면적이 작아지게 되고 전력소모가 작아지는 장점을 갖는다. 스프레드 스펙트럼 클록 발생기는 UMC 0.25um 공정을 이용하여 시뮬레이션 및 레이아웃을 수행하였으며 전체 면적은 290um${\times}$120um^2 이다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.16-20
• /
• 1997

Background : Hemifacial spasm commonly occurs on muscles about the eye, but may also involve or spread to the entire side of the face. There are many treatment for facial spasm, such as neuro-vascular decompression, local injection of Botulium toxin, facial nerve block at stylomastoid foramen, facial nerve block with O'Brien method. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of facial nerve block with O'Brien method. Methods : Forty five patients with hemifacial spasm were treated by facial nerve block with O'Brien method from January 1996 to February 1997 We reviewed the charts, retrospectively. Results : Sex ratio was 1:1.7(17 male : 28 female patients). Most patients were 40~60 years old. Most patients well tolerated facial nerve block. Three patients failed to respond to the facial nerve block. We repeated the procedure within one week. Among the 45 patients who received nerve block, 35 received repeated block; 7 patients received second repeat block, 2 patients received third repeat block. After successful nerve block, all patients were free of spasm for 1 to 6 months. Average spasm-free period was 3.5 months. Conclusion : Although the spasm-free period was short, these results suggest facial nerve block with O'Brien method is a safe and comfortable method for treatment of facial spasm.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.40-49
• /
• 1989

지속기간이 가변적인 블록간섭이 있는 비동기 다원접속 저속 주파수 도약 확산대역 시스템에 맞는 가변상태 블록 간섭 채널이 제안된다. 가변상태 블록간섭 채널에서 복호기에 부가정보를 주기 위하여 인터리빙과 결합된 테스트 패턴 기법이 제안된다. 복호기는 테스트 패턴을 검사함으로써 간섭의 영향을 받은 데이타 블록의 부분을 추정하고 그 부분을 소거(erasure)로 간주한다. 테스트 패턴의 존재가 데이타 전송에 쓰이는 비트 수를 감소시키므로 테스트 패턴은 다른 사용자에 의한 주파수 충돌확률이 작은 가변상태 블록간섭 채널에 대해서는 유용하지 않다. 주파수 충돌확률이 큰 가변상태 블록간섭 채널에 대하여 테스트 패턴을 사용하면 채널용량이 증가함을 보인다. 또한 채널의 변수가 특정한 법위의 값을 가질 때 테스트 패턴으로부터 채널상태에 대한 거의 완전한 부가정보가 얻어짐을 보인다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.22.1-22.9
• /
• 2021

Background: Standing surgery in horses combining intravenous sedatives, analgesics and local anaesthesia is becoming more popular. Ultrasound guided (USG) peribulbar nerve block (PB) has been described in dogs and humans for facial and ocular surgery, reducing the risk of complications versus retrobulbar nerve block (RB). Objective: To describe a technique for USG PB in horse cadavers. Methods: Landmarks and PB technique were described in two equine cadaver heads (Phase 1), with computed tomography (CT) imaging confirming contrast location and spread. In Phase 2, ten equine cadaver heads were randomised to two operators naive to the USG PB, with moderate experience with ultrasonography and conventional "blind" RB. Both techniques were demonstrated once. Subsequently, operators performed five USG PB and five RB each, unassisted. Contrast location and spread were evaluated by CT. Injection site success was defined for USG PB as extraconal contrast, and for RB intraconal contrast. Results: Success was 10/10 for USG PB and 0/10 for RB (p < 0.001). Of the RB injections, eight resulted in extraconal contrast and two in the masseter muscle (p = 0.47). Conclusions: The USG PB had a high injection site success rate compared with the RB technique; however, we cannot comment on clinical effect. The USG technique was easily learnt, and no potential complications were seen. The USG PB nerve block could have a wide application for use in horses for ocular surgeries (enucleations, eyelid, corneal, cataract surgeries, and ocular analgesia) due to reduced risk of iatrogenic damage. Further clinical studies are needed.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2017

샌드위치패널은 건축물의 내 외벽 및 지붕구조에 사용되며 양면의 불연성재료와 단열용 심재로 구성된 복합자재이다. 뛰어난 단열성능과 경량 및 시공의 우수한 특성 대비 화재 시 패널간 결합부위를 통해 화염이 내부로 유입되어 심재가 쉽게 용융되며 급격한 화염확산으로 인명 및 재산피해를 발생시킨다. 현행 건축법은 건축물 마감재료에 대하여 소규모 시험편에 대한 화재시험방법으로 연소성능을 파악하며 규정한 성능기준에 합격한 제품을 사용하도록 한다. 외벽 마감재료의 경우 불연 준불연 성능확보 재료를 사용하거나 화재확산방지구조를 설치하도록 규정한다. 본 연구는 외벽 마감재료에 국한되어 적용하고 있는 화재확산방지 구조를 샌드위치패널 건축물에 적용하여 수평 수직 화재확산의 위험성의 차이를 확인하고자 하였다. 이에 샌드위치패널에 대하여 ISO 13784-1 시험방법을 통한 실물화재실험과 금속구조물을 이용하여 패널간 화염확산을 차단하는 시공을 통해 화염확산방지 적용 여부에 대한 연소거동과 그 효과를 측정하였다. 실험 결과 패널 조인트 부위의 화염확산방지구조 시공은 패널 내부의 화염확산을 지연하며 이에 따른 플래시오버 시간이 지연되어 복합자재 건축물의 화재안전확보에 중요한 요인으로 작용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.344-348
• /
• 1996

Continuous epidural block can be useful in the management of acute and chronic pain. For the most effective analgesia, it is important to localize the tip of epidural catheter and the spread of radiopaque dye. Epidural catheterization was performed in 12 patients on the sitting position. Catheters were advanced by 10 cm cephalad in the cervical epidural space by median approach and radiopaque dye 3 ml was injected through the catheters. The position of cervical epidural catheters and the spread of dye was confirmed by radiography. The course of epidural catheter were: coiled 3/12 (25%), loop 2/12 (16.7%), straight 2/12 (16.7%). In 8 cases, the tip of epidural catheters were located within one vertebral segment from the level of insertion site. Radiopaque dye spreaded average 3.68 vertebral segment to cranially and 1.67 vertebral segment to caudally from the insertion site.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.285-290
• /
• 1997

Horner's syndrome is a well-recognized complication of regional analgesia of neck and shoulder region, and not often a complication of lumbar or low thoracic epidural block. Recently we experienced right Horner's syndrome accompanying paralysis of right upper extremity following lumbar epidural block in for an obstetric patient. Epidurography and MRI was performed to clarify the cause of unilateral high epidural block and cervical sympathetic block. Radiologic study demonstrated a loop formation of the epidural catheter and tip of catheter was located in right anterior epidural spaced(L1-2). The initial epidurogram revealed unilateral spreading of dye in the cervical region in right epidural space. A second epidurogram, 10 minutes following, showed dye filling in left epidural space, however spread of dye in left side was limited to lumbar and low thoracic region. We concluded the most probable cause of this unilateral high epidural block was due to misplacement of the catheter into the anterior epidural space.