• 응용통계연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.423-433
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• 1998

농사실험에서 품종실험자료를 분석할 때, 난괴법(Completely Randomized Block Design) 모형을 많이 이용하고 있다. 이 모형에서는 각 블록내의 모든 실험단위들에서 비옥도가 같다고 가정한다. 그러나 많은 경우에 각 블록내 실험단위들의 비옥도에 규칙적인 이질성이 존재한다. 이러한 이질성을 고려하기 위하여, 본 논문에서는 다단계 일반화 선형모형(Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models)을 이용하여 품종효과와 블록내의 비옥도 효과를 함께 모형화 하고, 이 모형으로 Scottish Agricultural Colleges의 목록에 실려 있는 자료를 분석하여, 마코프체인 몬테칼로(Markov Chain Monte Carlo)방법으로 분석한 결과와 비교해 본다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2021

The research on waste power batteries in China in the past ten years reveals that the power battery recycling industry is enormous but marred with several challenges. A study of China's current power battery closed-loop supply chain revealed some issues in the power battery recycling industry, such as imperfect supply chain, small recycling scale, asymmetric information, and imperfect profit distribution mechanism. This paper uses the theory of corporate social responsibility and consumer choice to propose a closed-loop network of power batteries based on block chain technology and analyzes the existing closed-loop supply chain of power batteries. Consequently, this study provides a new idea for developing the power battery closed-loop supply chain by proposing the closed-loop network of power batteries based on blockchain technology.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.3694-3722
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• 2022

In today's globalized world, there is no transparency in exchanging data and information between producers and consumers. However, these tasks experience many challenges, such as administrative barriers, confidential data leakage, and extensive time delays. To overcome these challenges, we propose a decentralized, secured, and verified smart chain framework using Ethereum Smart Contract which employs Inter Planetary File Systems (IPFS) and MongoDB as storage systems to automate the process and exchange information into blocks using the Tendermint algorithm. The proposed work promotes complete traceability of the product, ensures data integrity and transparency in addition to providing security to their personal information using the Lelantos mode of shipping. The Tendermint algorithm helps to speed up the process of validating and authenticating the transaction quickly. More so in this time of pandemic, it is easier to meet the needs of customers through the Ethermint Smart Chain, which increases customer satisfaction, thus boosting their confidence. Moreover, Smart contracts help to exploit more international transaction services and provide an instant block time finality of around 5 sec using Ethermint. The paper concludes with a description of product storage and distribution adopting the Ethermint technique. The proposed system was executed based on the Ethereum-Tendermint Smart chain. Experiments were conducted on variable block sizes and the number of transactions. The experimental results indicate that the proposed system seems to perform better than existing blockchain-based systems. Two configuration files were used, the first one was to describe the storage part, including its topology. The second one was a modified file to include the test rounds that Caliper should execute, including the running time and the workload content. Our findings indicate this is a promising technology for food supply chain storage and distribution.

• 한국빅데이터학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

FTA가 확산됨에 따라 향후 급증할 것으로 예상되는 실제조사 등을 대비하여 국내거래 단계에서 원산지 정보의 정확성과 신뢰도 증진 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 현실적으로 원산지 관련 정보를 수집 및 관리하는데 있어 많은 문제점을 내포하고 있다. 이는 FTA 활용이익의 수출자 편향성과 발급유인 부족 등과 함께 국내 제조기업들의 원산지 정보유통과 관리기술에 관한 부족도 중요한 원인으로 지적되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 프라이빗 블록체인인 Hyperledger Fabric을 사용하여 원산지정보 관리시스템 프로토타입 구축을 통해 국내 기업들의 원활한 FTA원산지 (포괄) 확인서의 관리 및 유통의 효율성을 증진하고, 조작방지를 통한 신뢰성 증진을 지원하는 방안을 제시한다. 블록체인은 분산원장 혹은 신뢰 인터넷으로 불리면서 공급망 상에서 여러 관련기업들이 원산지 정보를 높은 신뢰성을 가지고 즉시 유통할 수 있는 기술적인 인프라를 제공하지만 아직 이의 실제 비즈니스 적용에 관한 연구는 시작단계에 머물러 있다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2019

블록체인은 데이터의 조작을 방지하고 무결성 및 신뢰성을 보장하는 기술이다. 이더리움(Ethereum)은 블록체인을 기반으로 하는 암호화폐 시스템의 한 종류로 스마트컨트랙트의 사용 환경을 구축하고 있다. 스마트컨트랙트는 조건이 충족되면 즉시 시행되기 때문에 디지털 데이터에 대한 신뢰도를 더욱 높일 수 있다. 그러나 다양한 시도가 진행되는 스마트컨트랙트는 정보보안 및 개인정보 보호가 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 네트워크 참여자가 공개된 거래원장을 볼 수 있는 구조는 블록체인에 등재된 데이터나 개인 정보가 노출될 위험이 있다. 본 연구에서는 블록체인으로 기록되는 개인정보의 데이터를 자신이 직접 관리할 수 있도록 하였다. 개인정보의 노출을 방지했고 타임코드를 달아 일정기한이 경과하면 기록정보의 파기실행을 하도록 하여 개인정보를 보호하였다. 향후 제안한 시스템을 기반으로 알려지지 않은 코드결함이나 개인정보 보호의 추가적 관리 기술의 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.25-27
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• 2018

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.570-571
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• 2021

The research on waste power batteries in China in the past ten years reveals that the power battery recycling industry is enormous but marred with several challenges. A study of China's current power battery closed-loop supply chain revealed some issues in the power battery recycling industry, such as imperfect supply chain, small recycling scale, asymmetric information, and imperfect profit distribution mechanism. This paper uses the theory of corporate social responsibility and consumer choice to propose a closed-loop network of power batteries based on block chain technology and analyzes the existing closed-loop supply chain of power batteries. Consequently, this study provides a new idea for developing the power battery closed-loop supply chain by proposing the closed-loop network of power batteries based on blockchain technology

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.424-429
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• 2006

The synthesis of a series of poly(POSS-NBE-b-MTD) copolymers was successfully accomplished, taking advantage of sequential, ring-opening, metathesis block copolymerization using $RuCl_2(=CHPh)(PCy_3)_2$ catalyst. By using cyclopentyl-POSS-norbornene (POSS-NBE) monomer as the first block in the block copolymer, living poly(POSS-NBE) with controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution was produced. Then, poly(POSS-NBE-b-MTD) copolymers were successfully prepared, in which sequential monomer addition of methyltetracyclododecene (MTD) to the living poly(POSS-NBE) chain ends was utilized to achieve quantitative crossover efficiency. Characterization by $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy and GPC confirmed the high definition and structural integrity of the poly(PO$S-NBE-b-MTD) copolymers. Thermal properties-and morphologies of the POSS-containing block copolymer nanocomposites were also investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS).

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.309-317
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• 2011

This paper describes a baseband analog (BBA) chain for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. For the given specifications of the receiver BBA chain, the optimum allocation of the gain and filter rejection of each block in a BBA chain is achieved to maximize the SFDR. The fully integrated BBA chain is fabricated in 0.13 ${\mu}m$ CMOS technology. An input-referred third-order intercept point (IIP3) of 22.9 dBm at a gain of 0.5 dB and an input-referred noise voltage (IRN) of 32.2 nV/${\surd}$Hz at a gain of 63.3 dB are obtained. By optimizing the allocation of the gain and filter rejection using the proposed design methodology, an excellent SFDR performance of 63.9 dB is achieved with a power consumption of 12 mW.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.241-245
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• 1997

Persistent hiccup is defined as duration lasting longer than 48 hours. Reflex arc of hiccup is divided into three parts : afferent, central, efferent. Afferent portion of the neural pathway of hiccup formation is composed of vagus nerve, phrenic nerve, and sympathetic chain arising from T6 to T12. Efferent limb is phrenic nerve. Hiccup center is located in brain stem, midbrain, reticular system and hypothalamus. Persistent hiccup is very difficult to treat by conventional methods. We performed cervical epidural block of the phrenic nerve root for three patients suffering from persistent hiccup. The therapeutic effect was perfect. The mechanism of the cervical epidural block is not yet defined however it is thought to block the efferent nerve fibers and suppress the reflex arc of hiccup. We conclude cervical epidural block is relatively safe and very effective for treating persistent hiccup.