• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.207-215
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• 1984

Effects of Ssang Wha Tang (SWT), a blended Chinease traditional medicine, on the pharmacokinetics of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) in the rats of hepatic failure induced by carbon tetrachloride were examined. The disposition of plasma BSP in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats (Group I) and in carbon tetrachloride+SWT-treated rats (Group II) followed a three-compartment model, while those in control group followed two-compartment model. GOT, GPT level and some pharmacokinetic paramiters like plasma clearance but except distribution volume (Vdss) recovered in Group II compared to Group I. Therefore, SWT seemed to have an apparent restoring effect of hepatic function damaged by carbon tetrachloride treatment. From the fact that Vdss of BSP in Group II was considered as an one of the probable mechanisms. More intensive increase in BSP-free fraction ($f_p$) in Group II than that in Group I might also explain the increases of BSP clearance and Vdss in Group II compared to Group I. Assuming no changes in hepatic plasma flow(Q) in each group, hepatic intrinsic clearance($CL^h_{int}$) decreased in Group I did not recovered not at all in Group II. Therefore SWT seemed not to have any restoring effect of true hepaticfunction to biotransform and excrete BSP, and the apparent restoring effect of SWT might be due only to the replacement of BSP-plasma protein binding. Whether $f_p$ is actually higer in Group II than in Group I, and Q is constant in each group are being examined in our laboratory. The changes of Q, which might lead to another conculusions, also should be taken into consideration to clarify the apparent hepatorestoring effect of SWT.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.47-57
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• 2022

e-Learning content can be defined as digital content to achieve educational goals. Since it is an educational material that can be distributed in offline, online, and mobile environments, it is important to create content that meets the learner's education environment and educational goals. In particular, if the learner is a public official, the vision, philosophy, and characteristics of each local government must reflect. As non-face-to-face online education expands further due to the COVID-19 pandemic, local governments that have relied on onsite education in the past urgently require developing strong basic competency education and special task competency content that reflect regional characteristics. Such e-learning content, however, hardly exists and the ability to independently develop them is also insufficient. In this circumstance, this case study describes the process of self-production of e-learning content suitable for Busan's characteristics by the Human Resource Development (HRD) Institute of Busan City, a local government. The field of instructional design and instructional technology is always evolving and growing by blending technological innovation into instructional platform design and adapting to the changes in society. Busan HRD Institute (BHI), therefore, tried to implement blended learning by developing content that reflected the recent trend of micro-learning in e-learning through a detailed analysis. For this, an e-learning content developer with certain requirements was selected and contracted, and the process of developing content through a collaboration between the client and developer was described in this study according to the ADDIE model of Instructional Systems Development (ISD).

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.400-408
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• 2003

Chloride ion inside concrete destroys the so-called passive film surrounding reinforcing bars inside concrete so that the so-called salt attack accelerates corrosion which is the most critical factor for durability as well as structural safety of reinforced concrete structures. Recently, as a solution of the salt attack, the ground granulated blast-furnace slag(GGBFS) have been used as binder or blended cement more extensively. In this paper, characteristics of chloride ion diffusion for the GGBFS concrete, which is known to possess better resistance to damage due to the chloride ion penetration than ordinary portland cement(OPC) concrete possesses, are analyzed and a chloride ion diffusion model for the GGBFS concrete is proposed by modifying an existing diffusion model for the OPC concrete. The proposed model is verified by comparing diffusion analysis results using the model accelerated chloride penetration test results for concrete specimens as well as field test results for an RC bridge pier. Then, an optimal resistance condition to chloride penetration for the GGBFS concrete is obtained according to degrees of fineness and replacement ratios of the GGBFS concrete. The result shows that the GGBFS concrete has better resistance to chloride ion penetration than OPC concrete has and the resistance is more affected by the replacement ratio than the degree of fineness of the GGBFS.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.101-107
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• 2017

This study aimed to conduct the basic analysis on the fractal characteristics of cementitious materials. The pore structure of cement paste incorporating ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) was measured using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and the fractal characteristics were investigated using different models. Because the pore structure of GGBFS-blended cement paste is an irregular system in the various range from nanometer to millimeter, the characteristics of pore region in the different scale may not be adequately described when the fractal dimension was calculated over the whole scale range. While Zhang and Li model enabled analyzing the fraction dimension of pore structure over the three divided scale ranges of micro, small capillary and macro regions, Ji el al. model refined analysis on the fractal characteristics of micro pore region consisting of micro I region corresponding to gel pores and micro II region corresponding to small capillary pores. As the pore size decreased, both models suggested that the pore surface of micro region became more irregular than macro region and the complexity of pores increased.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.103-126
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• 2021

This study aims to propose a plan to restructure libraries as a complex space for education and culture for 19 public libraries belonging to the Chungcheongnam-do Office of Education. For the purpose of this, case surveys and user surveys of complex facilities of domestic and foreign public institutions were conducted. Based on the findings, a space restructuring strategy was suggested by dividing the library space into the following ways: a space to learn (a comprehensive data room, a theme data inquiry room, a future classroom, a blended learning center, a STEAM training room, and an online lecture learning room), a space to express (a foyer, a maker room, a digital media creation room and an online lecture production room), a space to share (a club room, a group study room, a well-being complex culture space, a convenient living space, rest area, and a browsing area), and a space to enjoy (a performance-thought playground, infant and child archives, a digital virtual experience room, a specialized alcove room, and an outdoor reading room). In addition, a restructuring model of public libraries belonging to the Office of Education was proposed, such as a leading model, a basic model, a joint model, and a minimum model, in consideration of the size of the building, the size of the library, and the level of service and space.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2005

In this paper we developed e-Leaning system based on open source software. We selected the Moodle that after compared the open source learning management systems. Moodle is LAMP(Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) based course management system (CMS), a software package designed to help educators create quality online courses. One of the main advantages of Moodle over other systems is a strong grounding in social constructionist pedagogy. Also we integrated Moodle and legacy systems such as streaming service, webhard service, and short message service. The system operated during one semester at college using blended learning model. We had obtained showed that the students had almost all scored quite highly as preferred learning environment through COLLES(Constructivist On-Line Learning Environment Survey) and ATTLS(Attitudes to Thinking and Learning Survey). Therefore this research showed that open source based e-Loaming system is stable and possible.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2011

Main objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of a lubricant, magnesium stearate, as blended in a hydrophilic matrix tablet and to identify significant factors using a tablet ejection force and a swelling property. The characteristics of tablet ejection were evaluated with three different compression forces (30, 40, and 60 MPa) and two controlled factors, amount of magnesium stearate and its mixing time. A hydrophilic model drug (terazosin HCl dihydrate) was regarded as a default factor. Tablet swelling was also evaluated. The optimal amount of PEG compared to PEO was set to be 88.50% w/w. As the amount of magnesium stearate was varied from 0.79% to 2.20% w/w, the amount of PEO and PEG was adjusted to meet the tablet's total weight while maintaining the ratio between the two excipients constant. As the mixing time of magnesium stearate was increased, the tablet ejection force and the swelling property were decreased. As the amount of magnesium stearate was increased, the tablet ejection force and the swelling property were decreased since the increased mixing time and the amount of magnesium stearate induced hydrophobic properties of the matrix tablet more effectively. The ejection force of the tablet increased as a result of increase in the compression force, which means that the breaking of tablet/die-wall adhesion energy was also increased when the compression energy was increased. The results gavea valuable guide how to choose suitable amount of the lubricant with processing conditions for the development of hydrophilic matrix formulations.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.243-250
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• 2019

With the popularization of online learning, mobile learning and blended learning model, augmented reality technology is increasingly widely applied in the field of education today. This article stresses the necessity of applying augmented reality to education by summarizing the current situation and advantages of augmented reality technology in education. Next, the author proposes a new education system-"AR+E education cloud platform system". Last, the author proposes several inspirations for the design of AR-based education software according to the observation and interview of the behaviors and preferences of the respondents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 2000

This study was carried out to predict blending ratio of cut tobacco(CT), expanded stem(ES), and expanded cut tobacco(ECT) in cigarettes. CT, ES, and ECT samples from A brand were, ground and blended with reference to A blending ratio, and scanned by near infrared spectroscopy(NIRSystem Co., Model 6500). Calibration equations were developed and then determined blending ratio by NIRS. The standard error of calibration(SEC) and performance(SEP) of C factory samples between NIRS and known blending ratio were 0.97%, 1.93% for CT, 0.50%, 1.12 % for ES and 0.68%, 1.10% for ECT, respectively. The SEP of CT, ES and ECT of Band D factory samples determined by C factory calibration equation were more inaccurate than those of C factory samples determined by C factory calibration equations. These results were caused by the difference of CT, ES and ECT spectra followed by each factory. The SEP of CT, ES and ECT of Band D factories determined by calibration equations derived from each factory samples were more accurate than those of determined by calibration equation derived from C factory samples. Each factory SEP of CT, ES and ECT determined by calibration equation derived from all calibration samples(B+C+D factory) was similar to that determined by calibration equation derived from each factory samples. To improve the analytical inaccuracy caused by spectra difference, we need to apply a specific calibration equation for each factory sample. Data in development of specific calibrations between sample and NIRS spectra might supply a method for rapid determination of blending ratio of CT, ES, and ECT.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.265-282
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• 2018

The purpose of this research was to produce symmetric (Saturated-Unsaturated-Saturated, SUS) triacylglycerol (TAG) using palm stearin fraction oil (PSFO) and high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) as substrates to replace cocoa butter. PSFO was blended with HOSO (1 : 2 weight ratio), and $lipozyme^{(R)}$ TLIM (20 weight % of the substrate) was added. Interesterification was carried out in a shaking water bath at $55^{\circ}C$ at 220 rpm for 6 hours. The response surface methodology (RSM) through the central composite face design was employed to observe the optimized SUS-TAG. The independent factors were the reaction temperature ($X_1$: 65, 75 and $85^{\circ}C$), reaction time ($X_2$: 1, 3 and 5 hours) and ratio of TLIM ($X_3$: 10, 15 and 20 weight %). The dependent variables were $Y_1$ = Saturated-Unsaturated-Unsaturated (SUU, area %), $Y_2=SUS$ (area %), $Y_3$ = Saturated-Saturated-Unsaturated (SSU, area %), $Y_4$ = Unsaturated-Unsaturated-Unsaturated (UUU, area %), and $Y_5=sn-2$ unsaturated fatty acid (area %). The optimal conditions from the central composite face design minimized acyl migration while maximizing the presence of unsaturated fatty acid at the sn-2 position (73.43 area %). The optimal conditions were $X_1=65^{\circ}C$, $X_2=1hour$, and $X_3=20weight%$. As a result of the response surface analysis, the lack of fits was found as $Y_1=0.622$, $Y_2=0.438$, $Y_3=0.264$, $Y_4=0.526$, and $Y_5=0.215$, and their $R^2$ were 0.897, 0.944, 0.826, 0.857, and 0.867, respectively.