• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2004

The old technique of sandblasting which has been used for decoration of glass surface has recently been developed into a powder blasting technique for brittle materials such as glass, silicon and ceramics, capable of producing micro structures larger than 100${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. In this study, we introduced oblique powder blasting, and investigated the effect of the impacting angle of particles, the scanning times and the stand-off distance on the surface roughness and the weight-loss rate of samples with no mask, and the wall profile and overetching of samples with different mask pattern in powder blasting of soda-lime glass. The varying parameters were the different impact angles between 50$^{\circ}$ and 90$^{\circ}$, scanning times of nozzle up to 40 and the stand-off distances 70mm and 100mm. The widths of mask pattern were 0.2mm, 0.5mm and 1mm. The powder was alumina sharp particles, WA #600. The mass flow rate of powder during the erosion test was fixed constant at 175g/min and the blasting pressure of powder at 0.2Mpa.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.314-318
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• 2002

Several types of burrs form on the edges of all machined and stamped parts. These burrs must be removed to prevent interference fits or short circuits, to improve fatigue life or to prevent injury. Despite the full or partial automation of FMC or FMS, deburring operations to obtain workpiece with fine surface quality are difficult to be automated since the occurrence and condition of burr are not constant. This study focused on developing micro-deburring technique for small electro- parts produced by press process. The successful performance was demonstrated by deburring experiment using the powder blasting.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.3-16
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• 1990

The cautious blasting works had been used with emulsion explosion electric M/S delay caps. Drill depth was from 3m to 6m with Crawler Drill $\varphi{70mm}$ on the calcalious sand stone(sort-moderate-semi hard Rock). The total numbers of feet blast were 88. Scale distance were induces 15.52-60.32. It was applied to propagation Law in blasting vibration as follows. Propagtion Law in Blasting Vibration $V=K(\frac{D}{W^b})^n$ where V : Peak partical velocity(cm/sec) D : Distance between explosion and recording sites (m) W : Maximum Charge per delay-period of eighit milliseconds or more(Kg) K : Ground transmission constant, empirically determind on th Rocks, Explosive and drilling pattern ets. b : Charge exponents n : Reduced exponents Where the quantity $D/W^b$ is known as the Scale distance. Above equation is worked by the U.S Bureau of Mines to determine peak particle velocity. The propagation Law can be catagrorized in three graups. Cabic root Scaling charge per delay Square root Scaling of charge per delay Site-specific Scaling of charge per delay Charge and reduction exponents carried out by multiple regressional analysis. It's divided into under loom and over loom distance because the frequency is verified by the distance from blast site. Empirical equation of cautious blasting vibration is as follows. Over 30m----under l00m----- $V=41(D/3\sqrt{W})^{-1.41}$ -----A Over l00m-----$V= 121(D/3\sqrt{W})^{-1.66}$-----B K value on the above equation has to be more specified for furthur understang about the effect of explosives, Rock strength. And Drilling pattern on the vibration levels, it is necessary to carry out more tests.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.3-12
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• 1991

The cautious blasting works had been used with emulsion explosion electric M /S delay caps. Drill depth was from 3m to 6m with Crawler Drill 70mm on the calcalious sand stone (soft-moderate-semi hard Rock) . The total numbers of feet blast were 88. Scale distance were induces 15.52-60.32. It was applied to Propagation Law in blasting vibration as follows .Propagtion Law in Blasting Vibration V=k(D/W/sup b/)/sup n/ where V : Peak partical velocity(cm/sec) D : Distance between explosion and recording sites(m) W ; Maximum Charge per delay -period of eight milliseconds or more(Kg) K : Ground transmission constant, empirically determind on the Rocks, Explosive and drilling pattern ets. b : Charge exponents n : Reduced exponents Where the quantity D/W/sup b/ is known as the Scale distance. Above equation is worked by the U.S Bureau of Mines to determine peak particle velocity. The propagation Law can be catagrorized in three groups. Cabic root Scaling charge per delay Square root Scaling of charge per delay Site-specific Scaling of charge delay Charge and reduction exponents carried out by multiple regressional analysis. It's divided into under loom and over loom distance because the frequency is varified by the distance from blast site. Empirical equation of cautious blasting vibration is as follows. Over 30m--under 100m----V=41(D/ W)/sup -1.41/-----A Over l00m---------V=121(D/ W)/sup -1.56/-----B K value on the above equation has to be more specified for furthur understand about the effect of explosives. Rock strength, And Drilling pattern on the vibration levels, it is necessary to carry out more tests.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.20-32
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• 1997

The pressure-time profile of the explosion gases can be controlled fot the use of cartridge explosives with two techniques Known as Decoupling and Spacing the charges. Decoupling consists in leaving and empty space between the explosive column and wall of the blast hole. Four different decoupling index, 1.4, 1.8, 2.34, 3.0 are selected in this field study. The level of ground vibrations with each decoupling index are measured and the empirical particle vibrations with each decoupling index are measured and the empirical particle velocity equation from these data was obtained. The condition of new cracks at blast hole are also examined. As the decoupling index in increased, the level of the blast vibration is decreased,. But the cracks in rock masses are efficiently formed to remove the broken rock. The vibration constant associated with a given site $K=1564.5(D.I)^{-1.3233}$ in terms of D.I(decopling index).

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2003

3.6km 장대터널인 미시령터널의 시공기간 단축과 공사비 절감을 위해 터널 발파와 콘크리트 구조물 병행시공 평가 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 기존에 제시된 양생중인 콘크리트 구조물에 대한 진동허용기준을 분석하여 본 현장에 적합한 기준을 제시하였고, 10여회의 발파계측을 통해 약 130점 이상의 계측자료를 획득하여 대상 현장에서의 진동추정식을 도출하였다. 그 결과 발파와 콘크리트 구조물 병행시공을 위한 안전한 작업 지침으로서, 발파시 지발당 최대 장약량에 따라 타설이 가능한 막장으로부터의 안전이격거리가 제시되었다. 이에 대한 실제 검증을 위해 터널내 4곳에 일정한 거리마다 콘크리트 블록을 타설한 후 지속적인 발파 진동을 밭게 한 후 28일 강도시험을 실시하였으며 제시된 지침의 타당성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 기술사
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.97-105
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• 1991

The cautious blasting works had been used with emulsion explosion electric M/S delay caps. Drill depth was from 3m to 6m with Crawler Drill ø70mm on the calcalious sand stone (soft-moderate-semi hard Rock). The total numbers of fire blast were 88 round. Scale distance were induces 15.52-60.32. It was applied to propagation Law in blasting vibration as follows. Propagation Law in Blasting Vibration (Equation omitted) where V : Peak partical velocity(cm/sec) D : Distance between explosion and recording sites(m) W : Maximum Charge per delay-period of eighit milliseconds o. more(kg) K : Ground transmission constant, empirically determind on the Rocks, Explosive and drilling pattern ets. b : Charge exponents n : Reduced exponents Where the quantity D / W$^n$ is known as the Scale distance. Above equation is worked by the U.S Bureau of Mines to determine peak particle velocity. The propagation Law can be catagrorized in three graups. Cubic root Scaling charge per delay Square root Scaling of charge per delay Site-specific Scaling of charge per delay Charge and reduction exponents carried out by multiple regressional analysis. It's divided into under loom and over 100m distance because the frequency is verified by the distance from blast site. Empirical equation of cautious blasting vibration is as follows. Over 30 ‥‥‥under 100m ‥‥‥V=41(D/$^3$√W)$\^$-1.41/ ‥‥‥A Over 100 ‥‥‥‥under 100m ‥‥‥V=121(D/$^3$√W)$\^$-1.56/ ‥‥‥B K value on the above equation has to be more specified for furthur understang about the effect of explosives, Rock strength. And Drilling pattern on the vibration levels, it is necessary to carry out more tests.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2003

화약발파에 의한 암반의 파괴는 폭약의 열화학적 반응에 의해 생성되는 에너지가 주위 암반으로 전달되면서 발생한다. 폭약의 반응은 매우 짧은 시간에 격렬하게 이루어지므로 실험적 관찰이 용이하지 않을 뿐만 아니라, 암반을 대상으로 발파할 경우 암반의 불균질성, 이방성으로 인해 동일한 조건으로 실험을 하더라도 특성상 정량적 정성적으로 똑같은 상황을 반복적으로 재현하여 실험하는 것도 불가능하다. 따라서 폭약으로부터 발생하는 에너지와 암반으로의 전달과정은 암반 파괴의 에너지원으로서 매우 중요하면서도 명확히 파악되지 않은 부분이다. 본 논문에서는 수치해석적 방법으로 발파원과 암반의 거동을 모델링하여 발파원의 특성이 암반 거동에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 주요 결과로는 발파원과 관련된 입력 자료로서 감쇠상수와 발파공벽에 가해지는 압력의 증가시간에 따라 암반의 동적거동이 상이하게 나타났으며, 동적 거동을 결정짓는 두 입력 변수의 상호관계를 유도할 수 있었다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.583-590
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• 2003

For the preestimate of the vibration level of the ground next to a dwelling, a multivariate statistical analysis on the experiment data acquired from a variety of construction sites was performed, and then a new estimate model for the value of K and n that can be applied in the diagnosis of the damage was offered. The results maybe summarized as follows : First, the $K_{95}$ and n showed high correlation at P$\leq$0.05. Specially the correlation coefficient about $W_{max}$, S were higher in $K_{95}$ than in n. indicating that $K_{95}$ is generally associated with source conditions. Second, the factor analysis permitted to identify two major sources in each fraction. These sources accounted for at least 73 % of valiance of $K_{95}$. Third, the multiple regression model for the estimate of $K_{95}$ was developed from Fac1 which depend upon the source conditions and Fac2 which depend upon the transmission conditions. The n value is able to determine from the correlation relationship associated with $K_{95}$./.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.928-934
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• 2009

Underwater impulsive sound such as underwater blasting noise, piling noise and stone breaking hammer affects marine animal hearing response and organs. This study describes the characteristics of various impulsive noise from waterfront construction site and their effect on fish. Time constant, peak pressure, energy and SEL(sound exposure level) of four different underwater impulsive sounds are quantified. Auditory and non-auditory tissue damage ranges are derived by comparing their quantities to the exposure criteria for fish. Damage ranges of auditory tissue and non-auditory tissue of underwater boring blast of 150 kg of charge, are about 100 m and 300 m, respectively. Other three impulsive sounds also gives damage effects but less than that of underwater boring blast.