• The World Journal of Men's Health
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2016

Purpose: We compared a transperineal ligation model and a transperitoneal ligation model in male rats to determine which animal model of overactive bladder (OAB) was more useful based on cystometrography, estimations of oxidative stress, and measurements of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Materials and Methods: Male rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=15 in each): the control group, the transperineal ligation group, and the transperitoneal ligation group. Four weeks after the ligation procedure, cystometrography was performed and oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and histologic changes were evaluated. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine and superoxide dismutase, and pro-inflammatory cytokine activity was investigated by measuring levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$. Results: The transperineal model led to results similar to those observed for the transperitoneal model, namely (1) increased voiding frequency and reductions in the non-voiding contraction interval and the maximal vesical pressure, (2) increased levels of oxidative stress markers, (3) increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and (4) fibrotic changes in the bladder tissue. Conclusions: We suggest that the transperineal procedure can be used as an alternative OAB model in male rats.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1981

Bone scans with $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ (methylene diphosphonate) were obtained and analysed in 574 patients with biopsy-proven malignancy, who visited Seoul National University Hospital from April, 1979 to June, 1931. Clinical staging was done in all patients without bone scan information and compared with bone scan to determine the predictive value of bone scanning. 1. Primary site of the maligancies were lung in 152, breast in 97, stomach in 43, colon in 15, esophagus in 9, liver and pancreas in 11, kidney in 14, bladder in 27, prostate in 22, thyroid in 20, skin in 11, bone in 9, head and neck in 36, ovary and uterus in 17, hematopoietic and lymphoretic ular system in 33, nervous system in 10, and others in 9 cases. Primary site was not defined in 39 cases. 2. Bone scans were positive in 186 cases (32.4%), which, included 48 cases (31.6%) of lung cancer, 27 cases (27.8%) of breast cancer, 12 cases(28%) of stomach cancer, 6 cases(40%) of colon cancer, 6 cases(43%) of kidney tumor, 4 cases(15%) of bladder cancer, 14 cases(64%) of prostate cancer, 3 cases(15%) of thyroid cancer and 66 other cases. 3. Bone scans were suspicious in 64 cases (11.2%) which included 29 cases (19.1%) of lung cancer, 10 cases (10.3%) of breast cancer, 4 cases (9.3%) of stomach cancer, one case (7%) of colon cancer, 3 cases(11%) of bladder cancer, 2 cases(10%) of thyroid cancer and 15 other cases. 4. Out of 121 cases with early stage of malignancy (which included 20 cases of lung cancer in stage I, II, 38 cases of breast cancer, 13 cases of stomach cancer, 8 cases of kidney tumor, 14 cases of thyroid cancer in stage $I{\sim}III$, and 6 cases of colon cancer, 14 cases of bladder cancer, 8 cases of prostate cancer in stage $A{\sim}C$, bone scans were positive in 5 cases (4.1%) which included 3 cases of lung cancer one case of breast cancer and one case of prostate cancer, and considered as further advanced stage. Out of 121 cases with early stage of malgnancy, bone scans were suspicious in 21 cases (17.4%) which inlcuded 9 cases of lung cancer, 4 cases of breast cancer, 2 cases of stomach cancer, one case of colon cancer, 3 cases of bladder cancer, and 2 cases of thyroid cancer. From these results, we concluded bone scan was useful in detecting bone metastasis in patients of early stage of malignancy, determining prognosis and establishing therapentic plan.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2015

Background: Bladder cancer is among the five most common malignancies worldwide. Altered expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling -3 (SOCS-3) has been implicated in various types of human cancers; however, its role in bladder cancer is not well established. Aim: The present study was undertaken to investigate the mRNA expression of SOCS-3 in normal and cancerous bladder tissue and to explore its correlation with urinary levels of some proinflammatory cytokines, cytokeratin-18 (CK -18) and with tumor histopathological grading, in order to evaluate their role as potential diagnostic markers. Materials and Methods: SOCS3 mRNA expression levels were evaluated using quantitative real time PCR. Urinary levels of interleukins 6 and 8 were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cytokeratin-18 expression was analyzed by immuunohistochemistry then validated by ELISA. Results: SOC3 m RNA expression levels were significantly lower in high grade urothelial carcinoma ($0.36{\pm}0.12$) compared to low grade carcinoma ($1.22{\pm}0.38$) and controls ($4.08{\pm}0.88$), (p<0.001). However, in high grade urothelial carcinoma the urinary levels of IL-6, IL-8, total CK-18($221.33{\pm}22.84pg/ml$, $325.2{\pm}53.6pg/ml$, $466.7{\pm}57.40U/L$ respectively) were significantly higher than their levels in low grade carcinoma ($58.6{\pm}18.6pg/ml$, $58.3{\pm}50.2pg/ml$, $185.5{\pm}60.3U/L$ respectively) and controls ($50.9{\pm}23.0pg/ml$, $7.12{\pm}2.74pg/ml$, $106.7{\pm}47.3U/L$ respectively), (p<0.001). Conclusions: Advanced grade of urothelial bladder carcinoma is significantly associated with lowered mRNA expression of SOC3 as well as elevated urinary levels of proinflammatory cytokines and CK-18. Furthermore, our results suggested that urinary IL-8, IL-6 and CK-18 may benefit as noninvasive biomarkers for early detection as well as histopathological subtyping of urothelial carcinoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5941-5948
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• 2013

Tumor response to antineoplastic drugs is not always predictable. This is also true for bladder carcinoma, a highly recurrent neoplasia. Currently, the combination of cisplatin and gemcitabine is well accepted as a standard protocol for treating bladder carcinoma. However, in some cases, this treatment protocol causes harmful side effects. Therefore, we investigated the roles of the genes TP53, RASSF1A (a tumor suppressor gene) and hMLH1 (a gene involved in the mismatch repair pathway) in cell susceptibility to cisplatin/gemcitabine treatment. Two bladder transitional carcinoma cell (TCC) lines, RT4 (wild-type TP53) and 5637 (mutated TP53), were used in this study. First, we evaluated whether the genotoxic potential of cisplatin/gemcitabine was dependent on TP53 status. Then, we evaluated whether the two antineoplastic drugs modulated RASSF1A and hMLH1 expression in the two cell lines. Increased DNA damage was observed in both cell lines after treatment with cisplatin or gemcitabine and with the two drugs simultaneously, as depicted by the comet assay. A lack of RASSF1A expression and hypermethylation of its promoter were observed before and after treatment in both cell lines. On the other hand, hMLH1 downregulation, unrelated to methylation status, was observed in RT4 cells after treatment with cisplatin or with cisplatin and gemcitabine simultaneously (wild-type TP53); in 5637 cells, hMLH1 was upregulated only after treatment with gemcitabine. In conclusion, the three treatment protocols were genotoxic, independent of TP53 status. However, cisplatin was the most effective, causing the highest level of DNA damage in both wild-type and mutated TP53 cells. Gemcitabine was the least genotoxic agent in both cell lines. Furthermore, no relationship was observed between the amount of DNA damage and the level of hMLH1 and RASSF1A expression. Therefore, other alternative pathways might be involved in cisplatin and gemcitabine genotoxicity in these two bladder cancer cell lines.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2017

Arbutin is a hydroquinone derivative with a glucose moiety. As a tyrosinase inhibitor, it is widely used as a skin-whitening cosmetic agent for the treatment of cutaneous hyperpigmentary disorders, such as melasma and freckles. In the medical field, many studies have addressed the use of arbutin in various tumors, but the mechanism for tumor uptake of arbutin is still unclear. In this paper, we radiolabeled arbutin using radioiodine and studied its pharmacokinetics and tumor uptake via biodistribution experiments and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. Radiolabeled $^{131}I-arbutin$ was stable for up to 24 h in PBS and serum. Biodistribution studies and SPECT imaging indicated high uptake of the compound in the bladder and kidneys shortly after injection. Twenty-four hours post-injection, significant deiodination was observed. Apart from high thyroid uptake, selective tumor uptake was clearly observed. The tumor-to-muscle and tumor-to-blood ratios were 26 and 9, respectively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.873-876
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• 2013

Our aim was to test the hypothesis that preoperative serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) and -9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) levels correlate with pathological features. Serum levels of MMP-7, and MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were determined in 90 bladder cancer patients and 40 healthy controls using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Preoperative serum MMP-7 and MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in cancer patients than control groups (p<0.001). In contast, serum TIMP-1 levels were lower (p<0.001). Alteration in MMP-7, and MMP-9, and TIMP-1 production may contribute to tumor angiogenesis and be associated with clinic-pathological features.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.82-85
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• 2003

Prostatic adenocarcinoma cells can be detected in urine cytology specimens when the tumor extends to the bladder mucosa. We report a case of prostatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed by urine cytology. A 70-year-old man presented with urinary frequency and low back pain On rectal examination, a nodular mass was palpated in the left side of prostate. Bone scan revealed multifocal hot lesions suggesting metastasis. Urine cytology revealed hypocellular smear on clean or bloody background. Tumor cells were mainly arranged in syncytial or papillary clusters which occasionally contained fool of luminal formation The cytoplasm of tumor cells was finely granular. The nuclei of tumor cells revealed evenly distributed fine chromatin and large prominent nucleoli without nuclear pleomorphism. In needle biopsy specimen of prostate, tumor cells were detected in entire prostatic tissue with extension to pericapsular soft tissue. The tumor cells infiltrated individually or in a cord-like fashion with fool of cribriform pattern. Inconspicuous nuclear pleomorphism and prominent nucleoli were also noted.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.359-368
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• 2001

목적 : 근침윤성 방광암에서 경요도 절제술 후 화학방사선 병용을 통한 방광보존치료를 시행하여 국내에서는 처음으로 그 예비 결과를 발표한 바 있으며, 장기 추적 관찰 결과를 토대로 본 치료법의 효과를 분석하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 1991년부터 1994년까지 병기 T2 에서 T4NxM0의 근침윤성 방광암을 가진 25명의 환자에 방광보존치료법이 시행되었다. 경요도절제술을 통해 가능한 최대한의 방광 종양을 제거한 후 항암제와 방사선요법을 병용하여 시행하였다. 병용치료는 methotrexate, vincristine, adriamycin, cisplatin (M-VAC) 제제로 3회 전보조화학요법을 먼저 시행한 후 cisplatin이 방사선 조사 첫째 주와 넷째 주에 동시에 투여되는 동시화학방사선 요법이 시행되거나(1군), 동일하게 동시화학방사선 요법이 먼저 시행되고 이후 methotrexate, cisplatin, vinblastin (MCV) 제제로 화학요법을 2회 시행하거나(2군), 또는 동시화학방사선 요법만 시행되었다(3군). 각 군의 환자분포는 1군 4명, 2군 14명, 3군 7명이었다. 방사선 치료는 하루에 1회 1.8 혹은 2 Gy를 $40\~45\;Gy$ 정도까지는 진골반에 조사한 후 방광 전체에 추가로 $9\~10\;Gy$를 추가 조사하고, 다시 방광내 종양 부위에 추가 조사하여 총 $60\~65\;Gy$까지 조사하였다. 추적관찰 기간의 중앙값은 70개월 이었다. 결과 : 본 치료와 연관된 독성은 대부분 Grade 2 이하의 경미한 독성이었으며, Grade 3 이상의 독성은 급성합병증으로 혈액학적 독성 1예와 만성합병증으로 방사선 방광염이 2예가 있었다. 전체 대상환자의 5년 생존율은 $67.3\%$였다. 25명 중 20명$(80\%)$에서 화학방사선 병용요법 후 완전 관해를 얻었다. 또한 전체 생존환자 16명 중 10명$(63\%)$에서 방광을 보존하고 있었으며, 생존율에 영향을 미치는 인자에 대한 다변량분석을 시행하였는데, T-병기(p=0.013), 완전관해 유무(p=0.002)가 통계적으로 유의한 인자였다. 결론 : 본 기관에서 시행되어진 근침윤성 방광암에 대한 방광보존치료법은 기존의 근치적 방광절제술에 비하여 대등한 치료성적을 내는 동시에 $63\%$에서 장기보존이 가능하였다. 따라서 본 치료법이 방광암의 치료에 적극적으로 적용되어야 할 것으로 생각하며 향후 여러 기관이 참여하는 활발한 연구를 통해 한국인에게 가장 적절한 치료법을 개발해야 될 것으로 생각한다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.142-147
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• 1990

구강내에 발생하는 암종은 원발성으로 나타나는 것이 보통이지만 신체내 다른 부위의 원발성 암종에 의해 이차적으로 전이되기도 한다. Clausen 과 Poulsen에 의하면 원발성 암종중에서 breast, lung, kidney, thyroid의 순으로 구강내 전이암종을 많이 나타내는 것으로 알려져 있다. 문헌에 의하면 구강 및 악골에 발생한 전이암종 중에서 약 70%가 adenocarcinoma 이며 주로 혈행적(hematogenous) 전이를 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이때 전이는 일차적으로 악골내에, 이차적으로 연조직에 전이되며, 이로인해 발생한 악성 전이 암종은 구강내에 발생하는 악성종양의 약 1%에 해당한다. 그러나, 실제로 이의 발견이 어려운 것은 악골에 대한 일상의 검사가 이루어지지 않으며 환자 자신이 특별한 증상을 호소하지 않기 때문이다. 본 교실에서는 문헌상 빈도수가 적은 gall bladder cancer 와 pancreatic tumor 에서 전이된 암종이 특이하게 악골내에서는 나타나지 않고 연조직에만 발생하였기에 이에 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.523-527
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• 2011

A 67-year-old woman presented for evaluation of severe coccygeal pain. The computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging showed an asymmetric midline sacral tumor invading the right lower portion of S2. To preserve both S2 nerve roots and to obtain negative surgical margins, a modified mid-sacrectomy with an aid of a computed navigation system was performed. The sacral tumor was excised en bloc with negative tumor margins. Both S2 nerve roots were preserved and additional reconstruction was not necessary because of minimal resection of the sacroiliac joint. We report a case of a sacral chordoma which was excised en bloc with adequate surgical margins by a computer-assisted modified mid-sacrectomy. The computed navigation system may be a useful tool for tumor targeting and safe osteotomies in sacral tumor surgery via the posterior only approach.