• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.203-206
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• 2000

Although lignans of sesame seed, sesamolin and sesamin have been known as possessing an antioxidant activity, it is less known about their contents of the sesame cultivated in Korea. Collections of sesame cultivated in Korea were used for studies on their lignans content of the seed and fatty acids composition of the oil. The sesamin content of sesame seed with white-coat were 370.29 mg/100g seed, while that of sesame seed with black-coat were 246.58mg/100g seed. Also, the sesamolin contents of sesame seed were 202.22 mg/100g seed in white-coat cultivars and 132.68 mg/100g seed in black-coat sesames. Hence, the lignan content of white-coat sesame cultivars was significantly hi임or than that of black-coat ones. Korean sesame cultivars also showed considerably higher sesamin content than sesamolin content in seeds. The correlation between sesamin and sesamolin contents was not recognized in Korean sesame cultivars. The stearic acid of white-coat sesame was significantly higher than that of black-coat one (p＜0.05).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.971-980
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• 2019

We profiled the health-promoting bioactive components in nine types of soybean seeds with different seed coat colors (yellow, green, brown, and black) and investigated the effects of different extraction solvents (methanol, ethanol, and water) on their antioxidant activities. The carotenoid and anthocyanin compositions varied greatly by seed color, and the phenolic acids, total phenol, and total flavonoid contents differed by genotype. The carotenoid content was relatively higher in soybean seeds with green and black seed coats than in those with a yellow seed coat while lutein was the most plentiful. The anthocyanin content was considerably higher in the soybean seed with the black seed coat. The results of the DPPH assay showed strong antioxidative activities in the methanol- and water-extracts compared to the ethanol-extract, irrespective of the seed coat colors. Moreover, the soybean seeds with the black seed coat exhibited the highest antioxidant activity among the samples, regardless of the extraction solvent used. Eighteen bioactive compounds were subjected to data-mining processes including principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis. Multivariate analyses showed that brown and black seeds were distinct from the yellow and green seeds in terms of the levels of carotenoids and anthocyanins, respectively. These results help our understanding of the compositional differences in the bioactive components among soybean seeds of various colors, providing valuable information for future breeding programs that seek to enhance the levels of compounds with health benefits.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 1998

From the evaluation of physical properties such as springiness, gumminess, adhesiveness, chewiness and hardness by the texture analyzer, vegetable soybean lines with green seed-coat were best as compared with those with black, brown, mixed, and yellow seed-coats. A panel test evaluated on the basis of taste, sweetness, chewiness, and total scores also indicated that soybean lines with green seed-coat were the best. The total scores of panel test was decreased in the order of green > yellow> black> brown seed-coat colored soybean. The mean value of sucrose content obtained by HPLC analysis was highest in black seed-coat colored soybean, and followed by green, yellow, and brown soybeans. The highest sucrose content (8.22%) was observed in 180362, a soybean line with green seed-coat. The full-season type soybeans showed much higher sucrose content than summer types which are mainly cultivated on farmer's fields for vegetable purposes. The final 13 lines selected from 300 colored soybeans showed nearly the same panel scores as Miwongreen. However, these lines had a great deal of variation in sucrose content, and much higher readings in texture analysis than Miwongreen, especially in chewiness and hardness which were the most important properties in vegetable soybeans.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2020

The black seed coat of soybeans contain anthocyanins which promote health. However, mature soybean seeds contain anti-nutritional factors like lipoxygenase, lectin and Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor (KTI) proteins. Furthermore, these seeds can be used only after the genetic elimination of these proteins. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop novel soybean genotypes with black seed coat and triple recessive alleles (lx1lx1lx2lx2lx3lx3, titilele) for lipoxygenase, lectin, and KTI proteins. From a cross of parent1 (lx1lx2lx3/lx1lx2lx3, ti/ti, Le/Le) and parent2 (lx1lx2lx3/lx1lx2lx3, Ti/Ti, le/le), 132 F₂ seeds were obtained. A 3:1 segregation ratio was observed during F₂ seed generation for the inheritance of lectin and KTI proteins. Between a cross of the Le and Ti genes, the observed independent inheritance ratio in the F₂ seed generation was 9: 3 : 3 : 1 (69 Le_Ti_: 32 leleTi_: 22 Le_titi: 9 leletiti) (χ²=2.87, P=0.5 - 0.1). From nine F₂ seeds with triple recessive alleles (lx1lx1lx2lx2lx3lx3, titilele genotype), one novel strain posessing black seed coat, and free of lipoxygenase, lectin and KTI proteins, was selected. The seed coat color of the new strain was black and the cotyledon color of the mature seed was green. The weight of 100 seeds belonging to the new strain was 35.4 g. This black soybean strain with lx1lx1lx2lx2lx3lx3, titilele genotype is a novel strain free of lipoxygenase, lectin, and KTI proteins.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.603-606
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• 2009

Lipoxygenase and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor protein of mature soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed are main anti-nutritional factors in soybean seed. A new soybean cultivar, "Gaechuck#1" with the traits of black seed coat, green cotyledon, lipoxygenase2,3 and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor protein free was developed. It was selected from the population derived the cross of "Gyeongsang#1" and C242. Plants of "Gaechuck#1" have a determinate growth habit with purple flowers, brown pubescence, black seed coat, black hilum, oval leaflet shape and brown pods at maturity. Seed protein and oil content on dry weight basis have averaged 39.1% and 16.2%, respectively. It has shown resistant reaction to soybean necrosis, soybean mosaic virus, Cercospora leaf spot and blight, black root rot, pod and stem blight, and soybean pod borer. "Gaechuck#1" matured on 5-10 October with a plant height of 50 cm. The 100-seed weight of "Gaechuck#1" was 23.2g. Yield of "Gaechuck#1" was averaged 2.2 ton/ha from 2005 to 2007.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2016

Soybean sprouts have been a considered a nutrient-rich vegetable for hundreds of years. To evaluate the seedlot quality of soybean sprouts grown, and to evaluate a method for reducing the presence of improper seeds in soybean seedlots, microbes associated with soybean sprout rot were isolated from samples collected. Morphological characteristics and gas chromatography profiles of the cultured fungal and bacterial strains were identified. Eight types of improper seeds were identified: purple stain(Ps), black rot(Br), seed coat black spot(Cb), wrinkled seed(Ws), brown hilum(Bh), seed coat fracture(Cf), unripe seed(Us), and brown seed coat(Bc). The improper seeds were also dipped into 15%, 20%, and 25% NaCl solutions, as well as a saturated solution of NaCl, for 1min. As the NaCl concentration increased, the number of floating improper seeds increased as well. The highest floating rates were observed for the Cf seeds.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1988.07a
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• pp.58-59
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• 1988

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.249-253
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• 2012

We analyzed the pharmacokinetics of C3G on data from twelve subjects, after 2-week multiple dosing of black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, Cheongjakong-3-ho) seed coat extract, using the mixed effect analysis method (NONMEM, Ver. 6.2), as well as the conventional non-compartmental method. We also examined the safety and tolerability. The PK analysis used plasma concentrations of the C3G on day 1 and 14. There was no observed accumulation of C3G after 2-week multiple dosing of black bean seed coat extract. The typical point estimates of PK were CL (clearance)=3,420 l/h, V (volume)=7,280 L, Ka (absorption constant)=9.94 $h^{-1}$, ALAG (lag time)=0.217 h. The black bean seed coat extract was well tolerated and there were no serious adverse events. In this study, we confirmed that a significant amount of C3G was absorbed in human after given the black bean seed coat extract.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.302-307
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• 1996

Seed coat anthocyanin can be purified by soaking 3 times in methanol solution supplemented with one percent of HCl. Anthocyanin content was very wide range in collected lines and average anthocyanin content of black seed coat lines was 15.07 permillage, but that of white mottled on brown seed coat lines was 0.31 permillage. In black seed coat lines green seed embryo type has more anthocyanin in amount compare to yellow seed embryo. Anthocyanin accumulation was promoted in late maturing lines compare to early maturing lines. Positive correlations were observed among 100 seed weight, days to flowering, days to growing and anthocyanin content, but negative correlation between days from flowering to maturity and anthocyanin content. Collected black seed coat lines were divided into two maturity groups. Group VI which has longer than group V in days to maturity accumulated more anthocyanin compare to group V. When the seeding date was May 15, highest anthocyanin content was observed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2010

This study was performed in order to determine the relationship between anthocyanin generation and seed coat pigmentation in black soybean. Soybean genotypes were analyzed the individual anthocyanin contents by UPLC, which were sampled at 5-day intervals from the 35th day after flowering. Ilpumgeomjeongkong had begun to accumulate anthocyanin on the seed coat previous 35 days after flowering, and in case Heugcheongkong was 30 days. The seed coat coloration in Ilpumgeomjeongkong run on till the 45th day after flowering, and that of Heugcheongkong was between 55 and 60days after flowering. Cyanidin-3-Glucoside (C3G) was formed the earliest and accumulated the greatest among three anthocyanin pigments existed in black soybean. So we could be concluded that C3G affected on seed coat pigmentation greatly than other pigments. The anthocyanin contents at maturity in Ilpumgeomjeongkong was 4.4 times higher than at beginning stage of anthocyanin formation, while those of Heugcheongkong was 2.5 times.