• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.38-50
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• 2019

We investigated the developmental characteristics and life cycle of the lawn cutworm, Spodoptera depravata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which is one of the most important pests causing economic damage in grass production. For larval culture, we provided the zoysiagrass at $25^{\circ}C$ and $60{\pm}5%$ humidity. The durations of the developmental stages were as follows: $4.11{\pm}0.19$ days for eggs, $25.17{\pm}3.02$ for larvae, $8.80{\pm}0.28$ for pupae, and $7.57{\pm}0.95$ for adults. We grew the larvae to the 7th instar stage, unlike previous studies, in which it was assumed that the 6th instar was the final age. There was a significant positive correlation between the body length and head capsule width of each instar larvae. In terms of morphology, the eggs changed from light green immediately following oviposition to black as they developed, and the grass-fed larvae changed from light yellow immediately after hatching to green as development continued. We observed a pattern of black spots at regular intervals on the dorsal sides of the abdomens of the final instar larvae. Furthermore, we detected two notable designs on the dorsal side of the front of the head. The pupal colors changed from light brown and green immediately after pupation, to dark brown as the pupal cuticle hardened. The wingspans of the adults were similar in both sexes. However, the forewings of the males had obvious outer lines and eyespots with dark gray-brown backgrounds, whereas the corresponding features on the female forewings were less obvious. The oviposition preperiod was 2.11 days, the oviposition period was 4.2 days, the average fecundity per female was approximately 341 eggs, and the hatching rate was approximately 76.1%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.1026-1034
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• 2000

As described here, most recently developed methods for improving reproduction performance of domesticated animals such as cattle, swine and chicken have been considered to be also usable for restoring some sorts of endangered and/or extinct wild animals in the very near future. Especially, the techniques for in vitro storage of gametes obtained from dead animals shortly after the death, probably 24 h following the sacrifice are also available for obtaining some of experimental specimens. In case of the endangered animals, nobody will be allowed to use any tissues from the living animals, therefore, e.g., the use of skin tissues from these bodies is another possibility of restoring the living animals. Regarding the use of skin tissues, the most highly usable tools must be the cloning techniques for reviving rare cells from the living body. Most possible techniques for cloning cells is nuclear transfer from rare species to highly relative species, and this is the case of germ cells, e.g., primordial germ cells (PGCs) of avian species. One of the possibilities is the nuclear transfer of Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) to the PGCs of chicken, resulting in the PGCs with transferred nucleus from the ibis. In mammalian species, the same procedure as in the case of birds would be successful, e.g., the removed nucleus from Giant Pandas will be transferred to the cell, such as somatic cells or germ cells from black bears or lesser pandas, leading to the production of transnucleared cells in the body of female black bears. These two cases are most promising techniques for reviving endangered animals in the world, particularly in Asian countries, mainly in China. As a conclusion, possible production of cloned animals carrying transnucleared cells from endangered animals, such as Giant Pandas and Crested Ibis, may be reproduced gradually in the near future. Scientists are, therefore, required to convert the paradigm from domestic animals to wild animals, including endangered and/or extinct animals on the earth.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2012

The trunk conformations of the Gyeongju Donggyeongi (GD), Korean native dog was measured in the present study. Also, the information of reproductive activity was investigated in GD dogs. A total of 73 dogs were randomly selected out of 121 dogs in the Gyeongju County in July 2010, which were registered by inserting electronic chips in the withers. The hair colors of the GD were white, yellow, black and tiger brindle, the mean withers heights were $45.46{\pm}4.17cm$ and $49.28{\pm}3.56cm$ for female and male dogs, respectively The mean body length to withers height ratios were 117.63% and 116.4% for the female and male dogs. Concerning the reproductive capability of the GD, the mean litter number was $4.6{\pm}1.7$, the optimal mating time was $12.5{\pm}2.3$ days after the rutting season and the mean gestation period was $60.2{\pm}2.8$ days. The results of this study would be useful for compiling the official standard for the adult GD.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.149-155
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• 2019

This study aims to provide basic data for investigating the phenotypic traits and growth characteristics of Korean native black goats. The Jangsu and Tongyoung strains were shown to have black hair, while the Dangjin strain was shown to have black or dark brown long hair. Only the Tongyeong strain was found to have no wattle and one goat each from the females and males of the Dangjin strain was found to have no horns. The lengths of the ears and tails were similar for the female and male goats, while the lengths of horns and beards were longer in the male goats. The birth weight was 2 kg on average, with that of male goats tending to be slightly heavier than that of the females. Weights at the weaning period were found to be slightly heavier for the males. Also, at 12 months, the weights of the male goats by strain were shown to be heavier than that of the females. The body length and depth by strain were found to be higher for the male goats, while no differences in the chest width and girth between the strains or gender were found. These findings are expected to be used as a basis for differentiating between native and crossbred Korean black goat strains and for improving Korean native black goats.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.60-65
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the ecology of Nesodiprion japonlcus (Mmm,m) damaging many conifers The results obtained were as follows: Nesod~prion japonicus (Maun) emerged two times for a year and their body was black m both sexes. A female (10.1t 1 2 mm) adult was larger than a male (9.9t 0.8 mm) one in the body size. The size of antenna as plumose of female was different from that of male. Life span of adults was 3 or 4 days, those emergence rate was 92% and sex ratio of female to male was 6: 4. Adults 1a1d only an egg in the leaf and the region of the leaf aviposited turned brown. Duration of egg was 14.35 1 2 days, egg was In the shape of banana and red~sh-yellow,a nd its sire was 2.4+ 0.2 mm long. Duration of larvae was 30.35 2.1 days and its slze 20.15 2.2 mm, body was green with grey~sh shipes on the dorsal and lateral aspect, the tip of front and hind was yellow and head was brown with a dark-p~gmented area. Mature larva turned into light green and get lost a dark-pigmented area of head. The firstly-emerged larva made cocoons on the base of leaves and the secondawemerged larva among fallen leaves Duration of prepupa was 14.3f 2.0 days and their size 10.15 2.3 mm Duration of pupa was 12.2+ 1.3 days and its size 10.lt0.2mm.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.403-414
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• 2015

Lithospermum erythrorhizon has long been used as a traditional oriental medicine. In this study, the acute and 28-day subacute oral dose toxicity studies of hexane extracts of the roots of L. erythrorhizon (LEH) were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats. In the acute toxicity study, LEH was administered once orally to 5 male and 5 female rats at dose levels of 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg. Mortality, clinical signs, and body weight changes were monitored for 14 days. Salivation, soft stool, soiled perineal region, compound-colored stool, chromaturia and a decrease in body weight were observed in the extract-treated groups, and no deaths occurred during the study. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose (ALD) of LEH in male and female rats was higher than 2,000 mg/kg. In the subacute toxicity study, LEH was administered orally to male and female rats for 28 days at dose levels of 25, 100, and 400 mg/kg/day. There was no LEH-related toxic effect in the body weight, food consumption, ophthalmology, hematology, clinical chemistry and organ weights. Compound-colored (black) stool, chromaturia and increased protein, ketone bodies, bilirubin and occult blood in urine were observed in the male and female rats treated with the test substance. In addition, the necropsy revealed dark red discoloration of the kidneys, and the histopathological examination showed presence of red brown pigment or increased hyaline droplets in the renal tubules of the renal cortex. However, there were no test substance-related toxic effects in the hematology and clinical chemistry, and no morphological changes were observed in the histopathological examination of the kidneys. Therefore, it was determined that there was no significant toxicity because the changes observed were caused by the intrinsic color of the test substance. These results suggest that the no-observed-adverse-effect Level (NOAEL) of LEH is greater than 400 mg/kg/day in both sexes.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2008

The Korean native black pig (KNP) have several desirable meat qualities, which are highly demanded by Koreans in spite of its slow growth rate, low feed efficiency, and small litter size. The aim of this study was to evaluate meat quality and fatty acid composition of KNP at different slaughter weight in order to provide information to industry. Ninety female KNP of the same age (220 days) were divided into three groups by live body weights (30 pigs per each group); live weight of 50$\sim$59 kg (T1), 60$\sim$69 kg (T2) and 70$\sim$80 kg (T3), respectively. After slaughtering the longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) and backfat from each group were obtained after 24 hr chilling. Crude protein content and shear force of LD from T3 was higher than that from T1 and pH of LD was significantly lower in that from T1 than from T2 and T3. Color measurement indicated that LD of T2 group had a higher $L^*$-value and lower $a^*$-value than those of T1 and T3. Slaughter weight of KNP generally did not affect the fatty acid composition of LD and backfat but the content of oleic acid (C18:1) of T2 in LD was significantly higher than those of T1 and T3. The results may provide basic information to industry to promote the production and processing of KNP, and assist in meeting the Korean consumer's demand.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2007

Age and growth of black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli sampled from the Tongyeong marine ranching area in Korea waters were determined from 1,173 otoliths from July, 2001 to May, 2004. Examination of outer margins of the otolith showed that the opaque zone was formed once a year. Marginal increment of the otolith formed annual ring from July. The von Bertalanffy growth curve had the growth parameters estimated from non-linear regression were $L_t=48.45(1-e^{-0.2139(t+0.4313)})$, $W_t=1,837.93(1-e^{-0.2139(t+0.4313)})^{3.02}$ 3.02 for females and, $L_t=49.32(1-e^{-0.1775(t+0.7403)})$, $W_t=1,887.83(1-e^{-0.1775(t+0.7403)})^3$ for males, where t is age (year) and Lt is body length (mm) at age t. Growth at the age of male and female shows significant difference (p<0.01).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 1998

To study the effect of induced hypothyroidism on fertility status of male Black Bengal goats, 10 adult healthy mature males were divided into control and treated groups. Hypothyroidism was induced successfully by injecting thiourea subcutaneously initially for 15 days at the rate of 100 mg/kg body weight, followed by 66.7 mg/kg body weight for the subse quent 15 days. This resulted in a decrease (p < 0.01) in plasma tri-iodothyronine, thyroxine and testosterone levels, with increasing duration of thiourea treatment. It also adversely affected semen quality, ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, motility and viability. Live percentage declined to 75% for treated and control remained at 90%. Artificial insemination fo female goats with semen of thiourea-treated goats, resulted in failure of conception. However, females inseminated with semen of male goats of control group showed 100% conception. These observations indicate that, thyroid hormones play a key role in maintaining the normal reproductive processes of male goats.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.701-712
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• 2012

This study examines the various expressions and immanent value of fashion and beauty style based on Craig Owens's Allegory theory. I analyzed four application elements of Borrow, Site Specificity, Accumulation of Strategy, and Hybridization in? Ladygaga's Music Videos. The results are as follows. 'Borrow' presents a kitsch style and playful Pop-art style, transformation of gender from Mini Mouse body suit, telephone headpiece, and can hair. 'Site specificity' presents the temporarity of fashion material through rebirth, aging, natural extinction from the chain over the black jump suit, crime scene tape, and skull-face makeup with masculine style. 'Accumulation of strategy' presents a futuristic chic fashion style from a layered style, retrospective fashion, repetition and duplication in Music Videos. It shows the physical beauty of an Asian warrior style in Poker Face. 'Hybridization' present Cyborg feminism and 'Will of Power' from iPOD LCD glasses and Pyro-Bra. The Pyro-Bra represents how the female body can be used as a weapon in the outfits of Lady Gaga. In addition, Immanent value is as follows. Textual interaction with high art is accomplished through a combination of contemporary social and cultural significance to understand the cultural code and to extend the value. Combined with high culture, popular music genre is accomplished through musical appreciation by a woman in fashion styling and sensual pleasures of the body as a tool to express a sublime advantage. Fashion style is accomplished by overcoming a self-transcendent body image representation. The way in which mutual coupling dismantling, destruction, and uncertainty is to re-launch the static, with a pluralistic context of Textuality.