• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.1169-1174
• /
• 2016

Purpose: To review clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with parotid gland tumors treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 69 patients with parotid gland tumors, with a median follow-up of 52 months (range, 2-228 months). and a median radiotherapy dose of 60Gy (range, 30-69 Gy). Results: There were 24 (35%) females and 45 (65%) males, at a ratio of 1/1.9. Median age at presentation was $58.9{\pm}17.2$ (range 13-88) years. The most common histology was adenoid cystic carcinoma (33%) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (28%). The mean overall survival (OS) was $65.3{\pm}8$ (95% confidence interval [CI], 49.6-81.1) months and the median overall survival was $40.0{\pm}7$ (95% CI, 26.2-53.7) months. The -1, -3, -5 and -10 year OS rates were 78%, 52.4%, 35.3% and 19.6% respectively. The mean disease free survival (DFS) was $79.2{\pm}10$ (95% CI, 59.3-97.1) months and the median disease free survival was $38{\pm}13$ (95% CI, 7.05-88.7) months. The -1,-3,-5 and -10 year DFS rates were 71.9%, 50.1%, 43.7% and 30.1% respectively. On univariate analysis, the OS was significantly better with female sex (p<0.005), < 50 age (p<0.021), T stage (p<0.0001), absence of lymph node involvement (p<0.0001), lower tumor grade (p<0.0001), absence of lymphovascular invasion (p<0.002), absence of perineural invasion (p<0.0001), absence of extracapsuler extension (p<0.0001), surgical margin negativity (p<0.006), ${\leq}60Gy$ radiotherapy dose (p<0.0001) and absence of distant metastasis (p<0.027). Conclusions: Employing existing standards of postoperative radiotherapy is a possible treatment that was found to be mainly effective in patients with parotid gland carcinomas.

• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.187-194
• /
• 1995

동면어류의 물질대사에 대한 학술적 기초자료를 얻을 목적으로 자연산 미꾸라지의 암컷과 수컷을 시료로 하여 시기별 (산란기 전 ; 5월, 산란기 후 ; 8월, 동면직전 ; 11월, 동면직후 ; 3월)근육성분의 조성과 육조직내 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방질 분포를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 비만도(肥滿度)는 암,수 모두가 산란기후에 다소 높았고, 동면직후에 가장 낮았다. 수분함량은 산란기 후에 가장 적었으나 동면직후에 가장 높았고, 조단백질과 조지방은 산란기 후가 가장 높았으나 동면직후에 가장 낮아 이들 함량의 변화 pattern이 상보적(相補的) 경향을 나타내었다. 그리고 탄수화물은 동면직전이 다소 많으나 동면직후에는 감소된 경향이었다. 근육 조직의 PAS염색 결과, 산란기후 표피의 점액 부위와 피하조직의 근육세포에서 비교적 강한 양성 반응을 나타내었다. 또한 진피층의 두께가 동면직후와 산란기 전이 산란기 후와 동면 직전보다 얇게 나타났다. Sudan black B 염색결과, 지방 성분 염색반응이 암컷은 산란기 전에 근육 세포층에 비교적 넓게 분포된 경향이었고, 수컷은 주로 점액층과 표피층에 나타났다. 산란기 후는 주로 표피 및 피하조직에 나타났고 동면직전과 후는 조직 전체에 분포하였으나 그정도가 동면직후에 다소 적은 편이었다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.181-188
• /
• 2005

This study attempted to investigate the plastic characteristics of cyber punk fashion with a focus on fashion in the cyber punk movies in order to inquire into how the influence of the cyber punk taking the lead in the spiritual culture and way of life of the humankind in the 21th century would be expressed in fashion. For this purpose, it sought to analyze the beauty of new fashion creating the cyber environment and identify its contemporary meaning. An attempt was made to investigate the image of cyber punk fashion with a focus on fashion expressed in the cyber punk movies. As a result, the following findings were obtained: First, the image of cyber punk fashion expressed in the cyber punk movies was simplicity, which was to express the modest silhouette and details exclusive of decoration. In addition to clean and smooth gloss, it contained the modest image of resistance', not 'revolt' by borrowing the partial motive and image from existing punk fashion. The change of cyber punk fashion into the characteristic of concise, smooth external appearance brought about the restraint of its image and symbolism as well as its plastic characteristic. Second, it was characterized by the Eroticism nature of emphasizing the body line while expressing the future and modest image or exposing the body. Cyber punk fashion expressed the avant-garde image by using materials that gave a mysterious and future feelings, as well as unsymmetrical silhouette, the slit of body-conscious line, coarse cutting, the method of do-constructing and reconstructing the silhouette, the method of applying diverse underwears such as corset, brassiere and the like. Third, cyber punk fashion was marked by the nature of mined sex. It had the masculine image by using the black color containing the image of masculinity and resistance in female clothing and expressing the suit, coat and military looks giving an masculine impression. And it expressed the image of mixed sexes with the masculine image in male clothing by borrowing feminine images such as body-conscious line, widely cut neckline, floral decoration, leggings and the like. Fourth, cyber punk fashion was marked by naturalness. It was expressed as clothing made from silhouette, knit, cotton and the like in the atmosphere expressing love, comfortableness and truth. This contained the image of naturalness, a return to the primitive, that human being wanted to return to their original figure in the future element. The cyber punk movie may contain a dismal, gloomy future image on the whole, which can be overcome, and shows the possibility that it may grow into the alternative culture, not the revolting culture. The movie of 'The Fifth Element' demonstrates the meaning and role that shows the bright future image. It is thought that designers should make efforts for cyber punk fashion to perform its role in changing the gloomy future image into the bright image of society

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제52권1호
• /
• pp.89-92
• /
• 2014

Myiasis is usually caused by flies of the Calliphoridae family, and Cochliomyia hominivorax is the etiological agent most frequently found in myiasis. The first case of myiasis in a diabetic foot of a 54-year-old male patient in Argentina is reported. The patient attended the hospital of the capital city of Tucum$\acute{a} $n Province for a consultation concerning an ulcer in his right foot, where the larval specimens were found. The identification of the immature larvae was based on their morphological characters, such as the cylindrical, segmented, white yellow-coloured body and tracheas with strong pigmentation. The larvae were removed, and the patient was treated with antibiotics. The larvae were reared until the adults were obtained. The adults were identified by the setose basal vein in the upper surface of the wing, denuded lower surface of the wing, short and reduced palps, and parafrontalia with black hairs outside the front row of setae. The main factor that favoured the development of myiasis is due to diabetes, which caused a loss of sensibility in the limb that resulted in late consultation. Moreover, the poor personal hygiene attracted the flies, and the foul-smelling discharge from the wound favoured the female's oviposition. There is a need to implement a program for prevention of myiasis, in which the population is made aware not only of the importance of good personal hygiene and home sanitation but also of the degree of implication of flies in the occurrence and development of this disease.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.16-20
• /
• 2015

참돔과 감성돔은 우리나라 주변에 서식하는 고유 어종으로, 참돔의 암컷과 감성돔의 수컷을 이용한 인공수정에 의하여 잡종은 생산되었으나, 자연 상태에서는 이들 간의 잡종이 보고된 바 없다. 이들 두 어종의 암수 및 타 어종을 섞어서 대형 수조에서 사육하는 과정에서 생산된 수정란을 회수하여 부화시켜 육성하는 과정에서 이들 두 종간의 잡종의 형태를 보이는 개체들이 관찰되었다. 임의로 96개체를 선택하여 두 종에 모두 적용할 수 있는 microsatellite marker를 이용하여 유전학적 분석을 실시한 결과 96개체 중 두 종의 혼합된 형태적 특징을 보이는 15개체는 참돔 암컷과 감성돔 수컷 간의 잡종으로 판명되었으며, 나머지 81개체는 감성돔 치어로 확인되었다. 사육 수조의 크기가 매우 컸으며 다른 어류들도 함께 들어 있었다는 점과, 이와 같이 유전적으로 구분되는 두 종 간의 잡종이 자연상태와 유사한 환경에서 생산되었다는 점을 고려할 때 본 연구의 결과는 자연 상태에서도 인위적인 영향이나 기후 변화에 의하여 이들의 서식지가 중복될 경우 두 종간의 잡종이 생산될 가능성이 있다는 것을 시사한다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.85-89
• /
• 2004

2001년부터 2002년까지 소나무재선충의 매개체인 솔수염하늘소 성충의 생체중과 체장, 체폭, 두폭, 더듬이의 길이 및 색깔 등을 조사하였다. 소나무재선충에 감염되어 고사된 소나무를 일정한 길이로 잘라 우화망실 안에 두고 우화하는 솔수염하늘소 성충을 채집하여 조사하였다. 분산분석결과 생체중, 체장, 체폭의 측정치는 암컷이 수컷보다 높았고, 두폭은 암수간에 차이가 없었으며, 촉각의 길이는 수컷이 더 길었다. 암컷(n=563)과 수컷(n=601)의 평균 생체중은 각각 0.305g과 0.277g, 체장은 20.97mm와 19.93mm 체폭은 6.52mm 와 6.18mm, 두폭은 3.78 mm와 3.70mm, 촉각의 길이는 31.19mm와 45.49mm이었다. 촉각의 길이나 체장과 촉각 길이의 비율은 암수간에 중복되는 범위가 많아서 이것을 기준으로 암수를 구분할 수는 없었다. 그러나 성충(n=4,033) 촉각의 털 색깔을 조사한 결과, 예외 없이 암컷 촉각의 모든 편절 마디의 기부쪽 절반 정도가 회백색의 미모로 덮여 있으나, 수컷 촉각의 편절 마디는 전체적으로 흑갈색의 미모로 덮여 있었기 때문에, 이 특징으로 암수를 쉽게 구분할 수 있었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 2004

붉은점모시나비의 국내 서식지를 확인하기 위하여 기존에 알려진 채집지와 표본자료, 그리고 실재 잔존 발생지로 알려진 경남 남부지방을 조사한 결과 경남 고성군과 의령군 2개소에서 발생이 재확인되었으며, 이 외에 조사기간 중 강원도 삼척에서 대량 서식지가 발견되었다. 종의 보전을 위한 복원계획 수립을 위해 대량사육기술 개발이 필요하므로 생활사 등 생태적 특성을 위한 기초조사를 실행하였다. 성충의 출현 시기는 5월 중순에서 6월 말까지였다. 산란은 기주식물 외에 주변의 마른 나뭇잎 등에도 하였으며, 암컷 한 마리당 127개까지 산란하였다. 늦은 봄에 산란된 난은 220여 일의 난 기간을 보내고 1월 11일부터 난각을 깨고 부화하며, 부화된 1령유충은 10여 일이 지나 섭식을 시작한다. 항온조건($25^{\circ}C$, 75% RH, l6L:8D)에서 전 유충기간은 65.7일로 각각 1령충 11.2일, 2령충 7.3일, 3령충 12.8일, 4령충 16.2일, 5령충 18.2일이었다. 용기간은 21.3일이었으며, 성충의 수명은 26.2일이었다. 산란조건을 알아보기 위하여 크기를 달리한 산란실을 만들고 각 실 당 접종수를 달리하여 시험해 본 결과 2${\times}$2${\times}$2m이상 크기의 산란실에 암컷 3+수컷 1의 비율로 넣은 경우가 가장 효과적이었다. 흡밀용 당원을 개발하기 위한 실험에서는 흑설탕구와 Fructose구에서 높은 선호도를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.60-66
• /
• 2024

Purpose: This study investigated changes in interpersonal violence and utilization of trauma recovery services during the COVID-19 pandemic. At an urban level I trauma center, trauma recovery services (TRS) provide education, counseling, peer support, and coordination of rehabilitation and recovery to address social and mental health needs. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted considerable changes in hospital services and increases in interpersonal victimization. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted between September 6, 2018 and December 20, 2020 for 1,908 victim-of-crime patients, including 574 victims of interpersonal violence. Outcomes included length of stay associated with initial TRS presentation, number of subsequent emergency department visits, number of outpatient appointments, and utilization of specific specialties within the year following the initial traumatic event. Results: Patients were primarily female (59.4%), single (80.1%), non-Hispanic (86.7%), and Black (59.2%). The mean age was 33.0 years, and 247 patients (49.2%) presented due to physical assault, 132 (26.3%) due to gunshot wounds, and 76 (15.1%) due to sexual assault. The perpetrators were primarily partners (27.9%) or strangers (23.3%). During the study period, 266 patients (mean, 14.9 patients per month) presented before the declaration of COVID-19 as a national emergency on March 13, 2020, while 236 patients (mean, 25.9 patients per month) presented afterward, representing a 74.6% increase in victim-of-crime patients treated. Interactions with TRS decreased during the COVID-19 period, with an average of 3.0 interactions per patient before COVID-19 versus 1.9 after emergency declaration (P<0.01). Similarly, reductions in length of stay were noted; the pre-COVID-19 average was 3.6 days, compared to 2.1 days post-COVID-19 (P=0.01). Conclusions: While interpersonal violence increased, TRS interactions decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, reflecting interruption of services, COVID-19 precautions, and postponement/cancellation of elective visits. Future direction of hospital policy to enable resource and service delivery to this population, despite internal and external challenges, appears warranted.

• 복식
• /
• 제39권
• /
• pp.113-123
• /
• 1998

This study focuses on the effects of the clothes worn by kisaeng; courtesans trained in singing and dancing, on changes in female psychology as reflected in general women's fashions during the later years of the Chosun dynasty. During this period, the social order had broken down considerable, due in part to the introduction of Roman Catholicism, and in part to the actions of Sil-hak, who emphasized open-ness and practicality in the organization of social affairs. This freer social environment disrup-ted the established social hierarchies. The kisaeng were among the first to respond to the new social mores by adopting more colorful, sensual, and individualized fashions. Their social position allowed them to reflect the new aesthetics of the time right away. Those aesthetics seemed to lay great emphasis on the artistic effects of contrast. The kisaeng would adorn their heads with large Kache (an elaborate wig or hairdo typically reserved for use by women in full formal dress). In contrast to this conspicuous hairstyle, they typically wore very tight-fitting Jogori (short-cropped Korean traditional jackets for women) around their upper torsos. The long skirts emerging from beneath these short jackets would typically flare out dramatically, with the aid of petticoats. However, these skirts would be bound at the waist with a sash, increasing the sexual suggestiveness of the clothing by drawing at-tention to the hips, and by exposing the bottom frills of the petticoats, or the wide pantal-oons and other undergarments the kisaeng wore to add volume to their skirts. The relative freedom enjoyed by the kisaeng to experiment with new fashions was not widely shared by most women. This generated envy from women of the noble classes, who were more bound by convention, and restrained from adopting such a mode of dress. It also generated envy from women of the humble classes, who saw the kisaeng as working little for their wealth, and yet dressing every day in finery that the average women would only ever be able to afford on her wedding day. This envy directed at the relative freedom/wealth of the kisaeng by women who faced greater socioeconomic constraints was given cultural expression through the adoption of elements of the kisaeng's fashion in the fashions of both noblewomen and humble women in old korea. The luxurious Kache sported by the kisaeng had in fact been borrowed from the habitual attire of upper-class women. So to distinguish themeselves from the kisaeng, they began to abandon these elaborate hairstyles in favor of traditional ceremonial hoods (Nel-ul-a thin black women's hood) and coronets (Suegaechima). This supposed reaction to the abuse of the Kache by the kisaeng still remained influenced by the kisaeng still remained influence by the kisaeng, however, as these headdresses became adorned with many more jewels and decorations, in imitation of the kisaeng's adaptations of the coronet. At the same time, noblewomen began sporting the Jangwue ; a headdress previously worn only by kisaeng and lower class women, and lower class women were then permitted to wear the Kache at weddings. All women behan to wear shorter, tighter Jogori jackets, and to add volume to their skirts. They also attached frills to their under-garments in imitation of the kisaeng's exposed petticoats and pantaloons. The impact of kisaeng fashions was thus deep and widespread, and can be understood as an expression of women's longing for freedom from socioeconomic constraints in the late Chosun dynasty. This study adopts an interdisciplinary ap-proach to the understanding of historical changes in women's fashions. Such interdisciplinary work can greatly enrich the study of fashion, often narrowly focused on clothing morphology and broad generalizations about society. For this reason, specific dynamics of feminine psychology in the late Chosun dynasty were elaborated in this study, to provide a deeper under-standing of the changes in fashion underpinned by them. If more such detailed analyses are undertaken, a whole new understanding of changes in fashion can be generated, and perhaps a transformation of the field of fashion history can be ultimately achieved.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제60권3호
• /
• pp.337-341
• /
• 2006

목 적: 기관지 탄분 섬유화증은 국내에서 드물지 않게 관찰되는 특징적인 소견으로, 기관지 내시경상 기관지내 탄분 침착 및 협착 소견이 관찰된다. 이는 외국의 보고에서는 찾아보기 힘든 병변이며, 아직 결핵과의 관련성만 추측할 뿐 뚜렷한 원인이나 발병기전에 대해 알려진 바는 없다. 이에 본 저자들은 기관지 내시경상 탄분 침착을 보이는 환자들의 임상양상 및 연관된 질환을 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하게 되었다. 방 법: 2000년부터 2004년까지 건양대학교 병원에서 기관지내시경 검사를 시행한 환자 1340명중에서 기관지 탄분 섬유화증의 병변이 기술된 70명(5.2%)의 환자의 임상양상 및 최종 진단을 확인하여 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결 과: 대상자의 평균연령은 $60.6{\pm}9.2$세로 대부분 고령이었고, 여성이 44명(62.9%)으로 남성26명(37.1%)보다 많았다. 탄분증과 흡연의 관계는 비흡연가가 56명, 흡연가가 14명으로 비흡연가가 흡연가에 비해 4배정도 많아 탄분증과 흡연은 관계가 없는 것으로 보였다. 거주지를 도시와 농촌으로 비교하였을 때 도농간 차이는 보이지 않았다(34명 vs 36명). 기타 특별한 사회 인구학적 차이는 없었다. 입원 당시 환자들의 증상은 대부분 기침이 주된 증상이었다. 기관지 내시경상 기관지 폐쇄 소견을 보인 환자는 21명(30.0%)이었고 주로 우상엽과 우중엽부위가 많았다. 최종 진단으로는 객담 항산균 검사 및 조직소견(PCR포함) 등으로 확진된 결핵이 34례(48.6%)이고, 나머지 환자 중에 과거에 결핵을 앓은 병력이 있는 환자가 6례로 총 40례(57.1%)에서 결핵과 연관성을 확인할 수 있었다. 그 밖에 고혈압 15례(21%), 당뇨병 9례(13%), 만성폐쇄성 폐질환 7례(10%), 폐암 6례(8.6%), 진폐증 1례(1.4%), 천식 1례(1.4%)로 나타났다. 결 론: 기관지 내시경상 기관지 탄분 섬유화증의 병변은 5.2%의 유병률을 보였으며, 고령의 여자에서 높은 빈도를 보이며, 57.1%에서 결핵과는 연관성이 있었다.