• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 2018

Taste is closely related to intake of food. Taste perception is also influenced by type of food ingested, and nutrition and health status. Bitter taste plays an important role in the survival of human and animals to avoid probable toxic and harmful substances. Vertebrate animals recognize bitter taste through type 2 taste receptors (T2Rs). Several T2Rs have been expressed extra-oral such as the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, urogenital tract, brain and immune cells, and parts of their functions are being revealed. This review will discuss physiological roles of T2Rs in relation to innate immunity, secretion and smooth muscle contraction expressed in extra-oral cells and tissues, and we summarize relationships between polymorphisms in T2Rs and general or oral diseases. It is not a coincidence that animals pay much genetic costs for taste and smell during evolution.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2009

The unique features of HTS offer Opportunities and challenges to a number of applications. In this paper we focus on NMR and MRI magnets, illustrating them with the NMR/MRI magnets that we are currently and will shortly be engaged: a 1.3GHz NMR magnet, an "annulus" magnet, and an $MgB_2$ whole-body MRI magnet. The opportunities with HTS include: 1) high fields (e.g., 1.3GHz magnet); 2) compactness (annulus magnet); and 3) enhanced stability despite liquid-helium-free operation ($MgB_2$ whole-body MRI magnet). The challenges include: 1) a large screening current Beld detrimental to spatial field homogeneity (e.g., 1.3 GHz magnet); 2) uniformity of critical current density (annulus magnet); and 3) superconducting joints ($MgB_2$ magnet).

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국초전도학회 2009년도 Korea Superconductivity Society Meeting 2009
• /
• pp.24-24
• /
• 2009

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
• /
• 한국자기학회 1999년도 추계연구발표회 논문개요집
• /
• pp.36-37
• /
• 1999

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제50권5호
• /
• pp.309-318
• /
• 2005

Higher level of KCl application stimulated both leaf area index and leaf area duration in all cassava varieties, while the leaf and tuber number of the bitter varieties (high cyanide-level varieties) decreased in proportion to the level of KCl application. The root/shoot (R/S) ratio and harvest index (HI) were negatively related with the level of KCl application in all cassava varieties. The bitter varieties obtained the lowest R/S ratio at the level of 100 - 150 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$, while the sweet varieties (low cyanide-level varieties) acquired the highest values at the level of 50 - 150 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$. Also, the sweet varieties showed the lowest HI at the level of 250 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$, but the bitter varieties at the level of 150 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$. At 6 - 8 months after planting, the sweet varieties tended to obtain higher starch content of roots (tubers) at the level of 50 - 150 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$, while the bitter varieties at the level of 150 - 250 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$. Relatively lower level of 50 - 150 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$ was more appropriate for decreasing hydrocyanic acid (HCN) content of roots (tubers) in the sweet varieties at the harvest time, and the level of 250 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$ was adequate to decrease not only HCN content of leaves but also that of roots (tubers) in the bitter varieties during the growing period. To obtain higher yield and starch content of tubers, and lower HCN content of roots (tubers), it was recommended that the sweet varieties are applied with the level of 50 - 100 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$ and the bitter varieties with the level of 150 - 200 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$, respectively, in Latosol soils of Bogor areas, West Java.

• Journal of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2009

다양(多樣)한 약이적(藥理的) 기능(機能)을 가진 고과(苦瓜)를 좀 더 간편(簡便)하게 즐길 수 있도록 대용차(代用茶)로 가공(加工)한 이번연구를 통하여 국민(國民) 건강증진(健康增)에 좀더 효과적(效果的)으로 도움이 되었으면 한다. 이번 고과(苦瓜)는 쓰고，떫은 맛, 의 대부분(大部分)을 기존의 가공법(加工法)과 전통(傳統) 제차(製茶) 및 재료(材料)의 특성(特性)에 맞게 변형(變形)한 제차(製茶)법을 통(通)하여 맛과 향(香)의 변화(變化)를 좀 더 기호(嗜好)에 맞게 변(變)하게 만들 수 있었다. 이번 연구(硏究)를 통하여 한약재(韓藥材)를 통한 대용차(代用茶)로서의 가능성(可能性)을 충분(充分)히 확인(確認)하였으며 그동안 우리나라의 차(茶) 문화(文化) 및 한약재(韓藥材)의 묘사어구(描寫語句) 및 표현(表現)여구가 부족함을 느꼈으며 이번 연구(硏究)를 통하여 체계적(體系的)인 모습을 갖추었으면 한다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.91-109
• /
• 2020

Objectives : The aim of this paper is to compare the mechanisms of the OP/LB method and the SSD treatment in 『Piweilun』. Methods : Wenbing texts, articles on the OP/LB method, and the 『Piweilun』 was examined for comparison of treatment mechanisms of SSD. Results : The mechanism of the OP/LB method in treating SSD was to treat the Spleen and Stomach separately, to restore the ascending/descending pattern of qi through simultaneous use of pungent and bitter flavors which raises and lowers, respectively. Moreover, the use of medicinals with contrary properties regulate the other's biased nature, and none of the medicinals create dampness. The pungent and bitter flavors play central roles, where the pungent flavor opens and communicates and the bitter flavor clears and lowers. The treatment method of SSD in the 『Piweilun』 treat the Spleen and Stomach together, with a focus on raising and dispersing through upraising yang and reinforcing qi by means of Wind medicinals with pungent and bitter flavors added to sweet and warm medicinals. Conclusions : Owing to the expansion of the OP/LB method concept by modern-contemporary scholars, the potential for treating SSD as can be seen in the 『Piweilun』 with the OP/LB method has emerged. The similarity between the OP/LB method and treatment of SSD in the 『Piweilun』 is that the objective of the formulas is to lower fire heat and communicate qi to help qi movement. This common objective allows for treatment of SSD within Wenbing and those in 『Piweilun』 with the said formulas through appropriate modification fit for each situation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Bitter taste receptors are taste signaling pathway mediators, and are also expressed and function in extra-gustatory organs. Skin aging affects the quality of life and may lead to medical issues. The purpose of this study was to better understand the anti-skin aging effects of bitter taste receptors in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aged human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: Expressions of bitter taste receptors in HaCaT cells and mouse skin tissues were examined by polymerase chain reaction assay. Bitter taste receptor was overexpressed in HaCaT cells, and D-gal was treated to induce aging. We examined the effects of bitter taste receptors on aging by using β-galactosidase assay, wound healing assay, and Western blot assay. RESULTS: TAS2R16 and TAS2R10 were expressed in HaCaT cells and were upregulated by D-gal treatment. TAS2R16 exerted protective effects against skin aging by regulating p53 and p21, antioxidant enzymes, the SIRT1/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway, cell migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. TAS2R10 was further examined to confirm a role of TAS2R16 in cellular senescence and wound healing in D-gal-induced aged HaCaT cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a novel potential preventive role of these receptors on skin aging by regulating cellular senescence and wound healing in human keratinocyte, HaCaT.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.659-665
• /
• 1988

식품에서의 쓴 맛 펩타이드의 형성 기작 및 분해에 의한 제거 방법을 알아보기 위하여 카제인 가수 분해물에서 쓴 맛 펩타이드를 분리하여 그 특성을 조사하였다. Bacillus subtilis가 생산하는 염기성 단백부내 효소를 순수 분리된 ${\alpha}_{s1}$-카세인과 ${\beta}$-카제인에 처리하여 카제인 가수 분해물을 만들고, 이 가수 분해물에서 용매 추출, Sephadex G-25 겔 크로마토그래피, 고성능 액체 크로마토그래피를 이용해 쓴 맛 펩타이드를 순수 분리했다. 고성능 액체 크로마토그래피는 역상 칼럼인 octadecylsilica 칼럼을 사용했고, 0.1% TFA와 80% $CH_3CN$의 linear gradient 방법을 이용했다. ${\alpha}_{s1}$-카제인 가수분해물에서 3가지 쓴 맛 펩타이드를 분리하였는데, BP-I은 $CH_3CN$ 34%에서, BP-II는 35%, BP-III는 26%에서 각각 용출되었다. ${\beta}$-카제인 가수 분해물에서 2가지 쓴 맛 펩타이드를 분리했는데, BP-IV는 $CH_3CN$ 40%에서, BP-V는 42%에서 용출되었다. 분리된 다섯 가지 펩타이드 중 BP-V가 가장 소수도가 높았으며, 쓴 맛은 BP-I과 BP-II가 가장 강했다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제58권3호
• /
• pp.259-265
• /
• 2015

비터멜론으로 알려진 여주(Momordica charantia)는 항암, 항바이러스, 항균, 항염증, 진통 및 산화방지제를 포함한 흥미로운 약리활성이 있다고 알려져 있다. 민간에서 전통적으로 사용된 여주의 효능은 최근에 과학적인 보고에 의해 증명이 되고 있으며, 현재 당뇨병 예방과 치료를 위해 연구되어야 할 가장 기대되는 기능성 식물 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 여주를 유산균으로 발효하여 추출하고 이것이 혈당을 감소시켜 당뇨병을 조절할 수 있는 지를 조사하였다. 발효한 여주를 열수 또는 에탄올로 추출한 후, 마우스 모델을 사용하여 고혈당 조절 등 여러가지 생물학적 활성을 테스트를 하였다. 여주발효추출물은 알록산으로 유도한 당뇨 마우스모델의 혈당을 유의적 수준에서 저하시켰고, 또한 알록산 처리에 의한 간 손상을 보호하였으며 중성지방은 낮게 그리고 HDL 콜레스테롤은 높은 수준으로 유지하고 있는 것을 발견하였다. 따라서 이러한 결과들은 여주와 유산균을 결합한 새로운 방법이 여주의 효능을 극대화시킴으로써 혈당 강하와 간 손상 억제 및 혈중 지질 조절 등 건강기능식품으로서의 개발 가능성이 충분히 있다고 사료된다.