• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.115-121
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• 1996

Ixeris dentata Nakai (Compositae) is a perennial herb and the young shoots when prepared properly are edible as a bitter appetizing vegetable in the early spring. The whole plant has been used as a folk medicine in treating diabetes in Korea. As a part of our studies on bitter substances, we have investigated the bitterness of the plant through a taste-guided fractionation method. Bitter substances were extracted by the solvent fractionation and the bitterness was evaluated by 10 trained panelists consisted with graduate students of Dept. of Foods and Nutrition. It has been revealed that the bitter compounds were distributed throughout the extracting fractions and the higher intensity of the bitterness was seen in the n-BuOH fractions. The bitter compounds were subfractionated by the silica gel column chromatography and the bitterness was evaluated by the trained panelists. The subfractions which were indicated as the bitter compounds will be further studied to isolate the compounds. The H$_2$O fractions were grouped according to the molecular weight through the ultrafiltration and the group with 1,000 < m.w. < 30,000 was evaluated as the most intense bitter subfraction.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 2007년도 동계학술연구발표회 및 스핀트로닉스와 나노물리에관한 국제심포지움
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• pp.17-17
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• 2007

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.499-508
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the qualities of muffins with 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12% bitter melon powder. The specific gravity of muffins prepared by adding bitter melon powder was higher than that of the control group. The height of the control group was higher than that of the samples with bitter melon powder. The weight of muffins was not significantly different between all sample groups. The volume and specific loaf volume of muffins were decreased by the addition of bitter melon powder. The baking loss rate of muffins was not significantly different between all sample groups. The moisture content of the samples with bitter melon powder was higher but the pH of muffins was lower than those of the control group. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the control group was 26.86%, whereas the samples with bitter melon powder ranged from 41.35~74.91%. In crumb color, the L value was decreased, but a and b value were increased significantly by the addition of bitter melon powder. The hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness and brittleness of textural properties of muffins were significantly decreased by the addition of bitter melon powder. Sensory evaluation scores in terms of appearance, flavor, taste, texture and overall preference of groups with 3% and 6% of bitter melon powder did not show any significant difference when compared to the control group. Based on the above results, using less than 6% of the bitter melon powder would be proper to make muffins.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.506-512
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• 2016

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) is used in traditional herbal medicine in many Asian countries for the treatment of several diseases such as diabetes, eczema, night blindness, psoriasis, and rheumatism. Especially, most reports concerning the biological activities of bitter melon have focused on its effects on diabetes and hyperglycemia. Also, bitter melon is regarded as a longevity food, suggesting that it has several beneficial effects on anti-aging and the maintenance of a healthy state. Thus, we investigated whether bitter melon could increase the capacity of exercise in this study. Interestingly, bitter melon fruit extract activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is important for regulating glucose homeostasis, mitochondrial content and exercise capacity. In addition, bitter melon extract increased the expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation such as mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1b (CPT1b), and pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 4 (PDK4). Moreover, exercise tolerance was much more enhanced in bitter melon treated animals compared to the non-treated control group. These results suggest that bitter melon is a promising candidate for the development of functional foods beneficial for physical strength and the enhancement of exercise capacity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of yellow and white bitter yams from South Western Nigeria using methanolic extraction and simulated gastrointestinal digestion models. The phenolic compounds in the bitter yam varieties were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The total phenolic content of the bitter yams was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, reductive potential by assessing the ability of the bitter yam to reduce $FeCl_3$ solution, and the antioxidant activities were determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical ($DPPH^{\cdot}$) scavenging activity, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation ($ABTS^{{\cdot}+}$) scavenging activity, nitric oxide radical ($NO^{\cdot}$) scavenging ability, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, and ability to inhibit $Fe^{2+}$-induced lipid oxidation. The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of some phenolic compounds in the studied bitter yam varieties, with varying degree of quantitative changes after cooking. The antioxidant indices (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, reducing power, $DPPH^{\cdot}$ scavenging activity, $ABTS^{{\cdot}+}$ scavenging activity, and $NO^{\cdot}$ scavenging activity) were higher in the simulated gastrointestinal digestion model compared to the methanolic extract, with the in vitro digested cooked white bitter yam ranking higher. Similarly, the in vitro digested yams had a higher inhibitory action against lipid oxidation compared to the methanolic extracts, with the cooked white bitter yam ranking high. The methanolic extracts and in vitro enzyme digests showed no acetylcholinesterase inhibitory abilities, while methanolic extracts and the in vitro enzyme digest displayed some level of butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Therefore the studied bitter yams could be considered as possible health supplements.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.449-455
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• 2016

'Gamhong' apple cultivar which was bred by National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, has high sugar contents, large types of fruit and mid-season types of cultivar. However, 'Gamhong' apple tree is very sensitive cultivar to bitter pit. Therefore, many farms have not solved the problems on bitter pit to cultivate 'Gamhong' apple tree. This study was carried out to find out the exposed length of rootstocks on the occurrence of bitter pit and fruit quality of 'Gamhong'/M.26 apple tree and seek the ideal cultivation strategy to decrease bitter pit to cultivate it. For this research, ten-years-old 'Gamhong'/M.26 apple trees were used. The difference among the treatments of the exposure of rootstock of RL (5 cm), RM (15 cm) and RH (20 cm) from the soil surface was observed with 4 repetition from 2010 to 2011. Decreased exposure of rootstocks resulted in more vigorous growth, taller height, and greater number of shoots. N and K/Ca of RH was tend to be lower than RM and RL, whereas as the exposure of rootstock decreased, fruit weight and bitter pit increased. Therefore, occurrence of bitter pit in RH was significantly lower than that of RM and RL treatment and fruit weight also decreased. There was no difference on nutrient contents of leaf and the fruit quality by the exposed of rootstock in 'Gamhong' M.26 apple tree. To reduce the occurrence of bitter pit, it may be helpful to keep the optimum exposure of rootstock within 20 cm from the soil surface.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.504-513
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 Streptozotocin에 의한 당뇨 유발 흰쥐에 대한 여주 분말의 항당뇨병 및 항산화능 효과를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 정상 및 대조군에 AIG-93M식이를 공급하였고, 여주첨가 군에는 1%, 2%, 3%의 여주 분말을 공급하였다. 2주 후 Streptozotocin 투여로 당뇨를 유발하였다. 동물 희생 후 혈당조절과 항산화능을 분석하였다. 여주 첨가군의 혈당 수준은 모두 대조군보다 낮았으며, 2% 여주 첨가군은 대조군보다 유의하게 낮은 결과를 보였다. 2%, 3% 여주 첨가군의 혈청 트리글리세라이드와 고밀도지질단백질-콜레스테롤 수치는 대조군보다 유의하게 낮은 결과가 나왔다. 당뇨 유발 군의 혈청 인슐린은 정상군보다 유의하게 낮았다. 당화혈색소는 2% 및 3% 여주첨가 군이 대조군보다 유의하게 낮은 결과를 보였다. 간 조직에서 항산화 효소의 수치는 2% 여주첨가군이 대조군보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 당뇨병 예방 및 당뇨병 치료를 위한 여주 분말의 항당뇨병 및 항산화 효과를 나타내는 것으로 보여진다.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 2006년도 동계학술연구발표회 및 자성 스핀트로닉스 국제학술대회
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• pp.130-131
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• 2006

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.80-90
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 여주 가루를 첨가하여 쿠키를 제조한 후 품질특성을 조사하였다. 반죽의 밀도는 대조군과 여주 가루 첨가군 사이에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 쿠키 반죽의 pH는 대조군이 가장 높았으며, 여주 가루 첨가를 첨가할수록 감소하였다(p<0.001). 쿠키의 수분함량은 대조군보다 여주가루 첨가군이 더 높았다(p<0.001). 쿠키의 pH는 여주가루 첨가량이 많을수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.001). 쿠키의 퍼짐성은 대조군보다 여주가루 첨가군이 더 높았고(p<0.001), 손실율은 여주가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였다(p<0.001). 색도 측정에서 명도 L값은 여주 가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였다(p<0.001). 적색도 a값과 황색도 b값은 시료간의 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 쿠키의 경도는 대조군보다 여주가루 첨가군이 더 낮았다(p<0.001). DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 대조군이 20.69%였으며 여주 가루 첨가군은 38.37~69.48%로 대조군보다 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 관능검사의 외관, 향, 질감, 맛, 전반적인 기호도에서 대조군과 여주 가루 3% 첨가군은 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 5% 이상 첨가군 부터는 대조군보다 낮은 기호도를 보였다(p<0.001).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.518-523
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• 2016

건여주의 다양한 가공식품 개발을 위하여 영양성분 및 생리활성을 분석하였다. 건여주의 영양성분으로 일반성분은 탄수화물 87.20%, 수분 6.10%, 조단백질 3.31%, 조지방 1.08% 및 조회분 2.31%였고 비타민 C 함량은 908.84 mg/100g으로 분석되었다. 무기질 중 칼륨의 함량이 가장 많이 함유되어 있었고 다음으로 Mg, P, Na, Ca, Zn, Cu, Mn 순으로 검출되었다. 가장 많이 함유된 아미노산은 arginine, urea, asparagine, ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid, alanine이며, 전체 아미노산에 대한 필수아미노산 함량 비율이 37.86%로 나타났다. 건여주의 생리활성은 70% 에탄올로 추출하여 측정하였다. 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량이 각각 36.08, 15.66mg GAE/g으로 나타났다. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 라디칼 소거능의 $IC_{50}$은 9.81 mg/mL로 나타났다.