• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권11호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2009

본 연구는 생체역학 모델에 기반한 상지훈련을 통해서 강직성 사지마비(spastic quadriplegia) 아동의 균형능력과 상지기능의 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 매 회기마다 앉은 자세 및 선 자세에서 기능적 팔 뻗기 검사를 실시하였고, 초기와 마지막 회기에 아동 균형척도(Pediatric Berg Balance Scale)와 3차원 동작분석 시스템(CMS-70P, Zebris Medizintechnik Gmbh, Germany)을 사용하여 움직임을 측정하였다. 1주간 기초선 측정 후, 4주간 매 40분씩 12회기 동안 생체역학적 모델에 기반한 상지훈련을 실시한 결과, 기능적 팔 뻗기 검사에서 모든 측정값이 기초선 평균의 +2SD(standard deviation)를 벗어났다. 동작 분석 시스템 상에서 수행 시간, 최고 속도, 최고 속도 도달 시간, 움직임 단위 수가 향상되었고, 아동 균형 척도 검사결과가 향상되었다. 따라서, 생체역학 모델에 기반한 상지훈련은 상지기능 향상뿐만 아니라 균형 향상에도 긍정적 도움이 될 것으로 사료되며, 연구 결과의 일반화를 위해서 대상자와 과제를 다양화한 추후 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2009

Objective : The goal of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical features of human cadaveric spines implanted with the Activ L prosthesis. Methods : Five cadaveric human lumbosacral spines (L2-S2) were tested for different motion modes, i.e. extension and flexion, right and left lateral bending and rotation. Baseline measurements of the range of motion (ROM), disc pressure (DP), and facet strain (FS) were performed in six modes of motion by applying loads up to 8 Nm, with a loading rate of 0.3 Nm/second. A constant 400 N axial follower preload was applied throughout the loading. After the Activ L was implanted at the L4-L5 disc space, measurements were repeated in the same manner. Results : The Activ L arthroplasty showed statistically significant decrease of ROM during rotation, increase of ROM during flexion and lateral bending at the operative segment and increase of ROM at the inferior segment during flexion. The DP of the superior disc of the operative site was comparable to those of intact spine and the DP of the inferior disc decreased in all motion modes, but these were not statistically significant. For FS, statistically significant decrease was detected at the operative facet during flexion and at the inferior facet during rotation. Conclusion : In vitro physiologic preload setting, the Activ L arthroplasty showed less restoration of ROM at the operative and adjacent levels as compared with intact spine. However, results of this study revealed that there are several possible theoretical useful results to reduce the incidence of adjacent segment disease.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2010

Cycling that transform human energy into mechanical energy is one of the man-machine systems out of sports fields. Benchmarking means "improving ourselves by learning from others', therefore benchmarking toward dominant cyclist is necessary on field. The goals of this study were to provide important factors on multi-disciplines (kinematics, physiology, power, psychology) for a tailored-training program that is suitable to individual characteristics. Two cyclists participated in this study and gave consent to the experimental procedure. One was dominant cyclist (years: 21 yrs, height: 177 cm, mass: 70 kg), and the other was non-dominant cyclist (years: 21, height: 176, mass: 70). Kinematic data were recorded using six infrared cameras (240Hz) and QTM (software). Physiological data (VO2max, AT) were acquired according to graded exercising test with cycle ergometer and power with Wingate test used by Bar-Or et. al (1977) and to evaluate muscle function with Cybex. Psychological data were collected with competitive state anxiety inventory (CSAI-2) that was devised by Martens et. al (1990) and athletes' self-management questionnaire (ASMQ) of Huh (2003). It appears that the dominant's CV of ankle joint angle was higher than non-dominant's CV and dominant's pedaling pattern was consistent in biomechanics domain, which the dominant's values for all factors ware higher than non-dominant's values in physical, and physiological domain, and their values between cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety were contrary to each other in psychology. Further research on multi-disciplines may lead to the development of tailored-optimal training programs applicable with key factors to enhance athletic performance by means of research including athlete, coach and parents.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.814-823
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• 2011

Nowadays many neurological diseases such as stroke and Parkinson diseases are continually increasing. Orthotic devices as well as exoskeletons have been widely developed for supporting movement assistance and therapy of patients. Robotic knee orthosis can compensate stiff-knee gait of the paralyzed limb and can provide patients consistent assistance at wearable environments. With keeping a robotic orthosis wearable, however, it is not easy to develop a compact and safe actuator with fast rotation and high torque for consistent supports of patients during walking. In this paper, we propose a novel kinematic model for a robotic knee orthosis to drive a knee joint with independent actuation during swing and stance phases, which can allow an actuator with fast rotation to control swing motions and an actuator with high torque to control stance motions, respectively. The suggested kinematic model is composed of a hamstring device with a slide-crank mechanism, a quadriceps device with five-bar/six-bar links, and a patella device for knee covering. The quadriceps device operates in five-bar links with 2-dof motions during swing phase and is changed to six-bar links during stance phase by the contact motion to the patella device. The hamstring device operates in a slider-crank mechanism for entire gait cycle. The kinematics and velocity/force relations are analyzed for the quadriceps and hamstring devices. Finally, the adequate actuators for the suggested kinematic model are designed based on normal gait requirements. The suggested kinematic model will allow a robotic knee orthosis to use compact and light actuators with full support during walking.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2002

This article review the animals physical therapy. It is so called veterinary physical therapy. The animals physical therapist is working to physical therapy for animals in veterinary clinical field. The veterinary medicine has not veterinary rehabilitation medicine or physical therapy for animals, also physical therapy field in Korea. So, This research will explain about animals physical therapy of Korea and other countries' by journals and internet information and suggest the future of the animals physical therapist. Finally, The veterinary physical therapy is not used to veterinary clinical field in now. But, The veterinary physical therapy will desire to the view of medical serve and economy by the host of animals and clinical veterinarian the future. Animal physical therapy is a new and rapidly developing field of health care for animals. The benefits of physical therapy have long been recognized in humans. More recently, work in the veterinary field has shown the same benefits of physical therapy to be true for animal patients. Performing orthopaedic or neurological surgery, or fitting a human patient with a cast or splint, and then discharging the patient is an outdated approach. In such cases, physical therapy is clearly warranted. Similarly, recent research has shown that post-surgical rehabilitation and therapy after injuries significantly improves the functional outcomes for animals. Physical Therapy is a healthcare profession directed at evaluating, restoring and maintaining physical function and movement. Working with the owner, veterinarian and often other healthcare professionals, a physiotherapist helps your animal to achieve and maintain optimal health and well-being. Equipped with a specialized university Bacheloriate education and intensively educated in Anatomy, Physiology, Biomechanics, Histology, Neurology, and Pathology, PT's are able to assess, diagnose and treat movement and function. Physical Therapy, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation are recognized sciences applied to both humans and animals. The goals of physiotherapy are to relieve pain, restore range of motion/movement, improve function, prevent injuries and expand the physical potential of the patient. Once in the field, physical therapists actively continue their education to keep up to date on the latest treatments and technologies. Via continuing education courses, physiotherapists can learn how to apply their unique and specialized knowledge to other animal species.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 양궁 슈팅 시 양발의 균형성과 상지 분절 및 관절의 운동학적 분석을 실시하여 점수에 따른 차이를 비교분석 하였다. K대학교 엘리트 양궁선수 9명을 피험자로 선정하였으며, 70 m 거리에서 122 cm 표적지에 각각 3발씩 5엔드를 반복 측정하였다. 7대의 적외선 카메라(Qualisys, sweden)와 2대의 지면반력기(Kistler, Switerland)를 사용하여 상지 분절 및 관절의 움직임과 힘의 작용점(center of pressure [COP])를 산출하였다. 연구결과 양궁 선수가 8점을 쐈을 때, 9-10점을 쐈을 때보다 드로잉 암(drawing-arm)의 팔굽관절 운동범위와 왼발의 좌우 COP 범위가 크게 나타났다(p<.05). 양궁 경기에서 고득점을 유지하기 위해서는 지속적인 균형성이 요구되며, 특히 슈팅하는 순간 활을 지지하는 왼발의 균형성이 중요한 요인으로 작용한다. 또한 활을 지지하는 드로잉 암의 팔굽관절 움직임을 최소화하는 것이 안정적인 슈팅에 도움이 될 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to optimize the thread depth and pitch of a recently designed dental implant to provide uniform stress distribution by means of a response surface optimization method available in finite element (FE) software. The sensitivity of simulation to different mechanical parameters was also evaluated. Materials and Methods: A three-dimensional model of a tapered dental implant with micro-threads in the upper area and V-shaped threads in the rest of the body was modeled and analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA). An axial load of 100 N was applied to the top of the implants. The model was optimized for thread depth and pitch to determine the optimal stress distribution. In this analysis, micro-threads had 0.25 to 0.3 mm depth and 0.27 to 0.33 mm pitch, and V-shaped threads had 0.405 to 0.495 mm depth and 0.66 to 0.8 mm pitch. Results: The optimized depth and pitch were 0.307 and 0.286 mm for micro-threads and 0.405 and 0.808 mm for V-shaped threads, respectively. In this design, the most effective parameters on stress distribution were the depth and pitch of the micro-threads based on sensitivity analysis results. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the optimal implant design has micro-threads with 0.307 and 0.286 mm depth and pitch, respectively, in the upper area and V-shaped threads with 0.405 and 0.808 mm depth and pitch in the rest of the body. These results indicate that micro-thread parameters have a greater effect on stress and strain values.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.77-95
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• 2003

Many factors affect foot and ankle biomechanics during walking, including gait speed and anthropometric characteristics. However, speed has not been taken into account in foot kinematics and kinetics during walking. This study examined the effect of walking speed on foot joint motion and peak plantar pressure during the walking phase. Eighty healthy subjects (40 men, 40 women) were recruited. Maximal dorsiflexion and excursion were measured at the first metatarsophalangeal joints during walking phase at three different cadences (80, 100, and 120 step/min) using a three dimensional motion analysis system (CMS70P). At the same time, peak plantar pressure was investigated using pressure distribution platforms (MatScan system) under the hallux heads of the first, second, and third metatarsal bones and heel. Maximal dorsiflexion and excursion and excursion at the ankle joint decreased significantly with increasing walking speed. Peak plantar pressure increased significantly under the heads of the first of the first, second, and third metatarsal bones, and heel with increasing walking speed: three was no change under the hallux. There were no significant changes in maximal dorsiflexion or excursion at the first metatarsophalangeal joint. The results show that walking speed should be considered when comparing gait parameters. The results also suggest that slow walking speeds may decrease forefoot peak plantar pressure in patients with peripheral neuropathy who have a high risk of skin breakdown under the forefoot.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.1041-1050
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• 2001

Control of bone cement volume (PMMA) may be critical for preventing complications in vertebroplasty, the percutaneous injection of PMMA into vertebra. The purpose of this study was to predict the optimal volume of PMMA injection based on CT images. For this, correlation between PMMA volume and textural features of CT images was examined before and after surgery to evaluate the appropriate PMMA amount. The gray level run length analysis was used to determine the textural features of the trabecular bone. Extimation of PMMA volume was done using 3D visualization with semi-automatic segmentation on postoperative CT images. Then, finite element (FE) models were constructed based on the CT image data of patients and PMMA volume. Appropriate material properties for the trabecular bone were assigned by converting BMD to elastic modulus. Structural reinforcement due to the changes in PMMA volume and BMD was assessed in terms of axial displacement of the superior endplate. A strong correlation was found between the injected PMMA volume and the area of the intertrabecular space and that of trabecular bone calculated from the CT images (r=0.90 and -0.90, respectively). FE results suggested that vertebroplasty could effectively reinforce the osteoporotic vertebra regardless of BMD or PMMA volume. Effectiveness of additional PMMA injection tended to decrease. For patients with BMD well lower than 50mg/ml, injection of up to 30% volume of the vertebral body is recommended. However, less than 30% is recommended otherwise to avoid any complications from excessive PMMA because the strength has already reached the normal level.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.619-628
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• 2011

인체의 근육, 힘줄, 피부와 혈관 등은 일상생활 속에서 다양한 손상을 입는 경우가 많으므로 관심을 갖고 연구해야할 주제이다. 인체의 윤상인대의 역학적 특성을 얻기 위해서는 부족한 실험 자료를 감안하고서도 대변형뿐만 아니라 이방성 및 압축성까지 고려해야 하는 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 섬유강화재료 모델을 사용하여 초탄성 재료 모델을 사용하고, 모재, 섬유 및 모재와 섬유와의 상관관계를 포함하는 에너지 함수를 도입하여 실험값과 비교하여 보았다. 윤상인대의 내부에서 2종류의 섬유는 일정한 각도를 갖고 있다고 가정하였다. 섬유강화재료 모델을 사용함에 있어서 모재에 대한 두 종류의 다른 에너지 함수를 대입하여 Neo-Hookean 재료를 사용하여 계산한 결과 및 기존에 알려진 실험결과와 비교하였으며 본 연구에서 제시된 모재에 관한 에너지 함수의 타당성을 보였다.