• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.423-437
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• 2024

Wood biomass, such as sawdust, particles, and chips from the wood industry, can be potentially used as a composite product. Chip block pallets (CBP) are composite products that can be produced from industrial wood waste and are in high demand in the logistics sector. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the production of CBP from teak wood biomass with varying polyurethane contents. In addition, this study analyzed the optimum particle-size composition was determined. The CBP production of CBP be divided into two stages. The first stage evaluated the use of polyurethane adhesive content, whereas the second stage considered the effect of particle size composition. The 9 × 9 × 9 cm³ of CBP with 0.6 g/cm³ target density was fabricated using a cold press. The National Wooden Pallet and Container Association (NWPCA) standards were used to evaluate the density, moisture content, dimensional stability, water absorption, compressive strength (CS), and screw-holding strength (SHS) of our CBP products. The mechanical and physical properties of CBP products were investigated. As a result, the CBP sample prepared using 4-14 mesh particle size and 4.5% adhesive content showed the optimal strength values, such as CS of 14.67 MPa and SHS of 371.50 N. These findings demonstrate that the CBPs derived from teak wood waste closely resemble commercial chip blocks and have the potential to replace wood bearings as pallet pads.

• KCID journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.82-94
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• 2010

Recently, biomass application for energy is getting more interests from many countries since biomass is widely available over the nation wide, whereas fossil fuels are produced in several limited regions. Recognizing the importance, government is promoting renewable energy use in Korea. The locational characteristics of the existing biomass potential directly can be used to decide scale of power plant for local agricultural facility. Although there are a few studies on feasible biomass potential in local areas, it is expected that both government and commercial sectors recognize the potential of biomass energy and the importance of reducing greenhouse gases. When planning biomass energy systems, biomass price is determined by the costs of collection, transportation, chipping, drying if required. In this paper investigates the economic and spatial characteristic of biomass location by land use map. However typical area of each categories in local region is not correct to agricultural census data. Therefore we concerned about how to calculate feasible biomass potential which it can be describing total amount of plant scale, and to match both of data. Even though its spatial distribution, in rural area in Korea, to expand biomass energy programs in the area, government serve to find areas of higher biomass production with suitable locations for plants to convert to bio-energy in order to increase the usage of renewable energy.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1985

Biomass, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus standing crops of bethic community were estimated at the trophic levels in the intertidal zone of Kum river estuary. Annual mean biomass of zoobenthos was 130.5g/$m^2$, body fraction 26.7g/$m^2$ and shell fraction 103.8 g/$m^3$. Biomass estimated as ash-free dry weight was total 28.9g/$m^2$, body fraction 20.2g/$m^2$ and shell fraction 8.7g/$m^2$ Carbon standing crops of zoobenthos were 15.9gC/$m^2$, in which organic carbon content was 7.0gC/$m^2$ and carbonate carbon was 8.9gC/$m^2$. Production efficiency by carbon standing crops from sediment to herbivores and carnivores and 10.6% and 16.0% in phosphorus, respectively. Annual primary production of benthic algae was crudely estimated to 329g.dw/$m^2$/yr by using the biomass and turn-over rate of benthic algae.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.401-408
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomass and lipid production of Chlorella vulgaris and its nutrient removal capability for treatment of brewery wastewater effluent. The results indicate that the maximum biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (91.43%) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (83.11%) were removed by C. vulgaris with aeration in the absence of light. A maximum of 0.917 g/L of dry biomass was obtained with aeration in the dark conditions, which also demonstrated the highest amount of unsaturated fatty acids at 83.22%. However, the removal of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) with these aeration and light conditions was 9.7% and 11.86% greater than that of other conditions. The removal of BOD and COD and the production of biomass and lipids with aeration in the dark and the TN and TP removal with aeration and light were more effective than other conditions in the brewery wastewater effluent in the presence of C. vulgaris.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.476-480
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• 1996

Using Pseudomonas sp. B3, identified and isolated from nature, wastewater containing phenol was treated in a continuous stirred tank reactor and its reaction characteristics were studied. Average concentrations of phenol and COD in effluents were 1.5mg/L and 124mg/L at 0.059h-1 dilution rate, respectively. At the dilution rate higher than 0.063h-1, phenol and COD increased abruptly to 19mg/L and 318mg/L. At the dilution rate higher than 0.059h-1, biomass concentration suddenly decreased and was "washed out". Biomass concentration was 150mg/L at a dilution rate of 0.067h-1. Maximum biomass production rate was 15.98mg/L$.$h at a dilution rate of 0.067h-1. When dilution rate increased above 0.059h-1, effluent phenol concentration abruptly increased and biomass production rate decreased. Maximum cell growth rate(${\mu}$max) and Michaelis-Mentens kinetic constant(Ks) were 0.074h-1 and 0.424mg/L, respectively. From the above result low phenol concentration can be expected at a maximum dilution rate, but reactor becomes unstable due to phenol inhibition.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.133-136
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• 2008

Cell cultures of Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhandari were grown in shake flasks and a bioreactor and an increase in guggulsterone accumulation up to $18{\mu}g\;l^{-1}$ was recorded in cells grown in the production medium containing a combination of sucrose:glucose (4% total), precursors (phenylalanine, pyruvic acid, xylose, and sodium acetate), morphactin, and 2iP. A yield of $10g\;l^{-1}$ biomass and ${\sim}200{\mu}g\;l^{-1}$ guggulsterone was recorded in a 3-l flask and in a 2-l stirred tank bioreactor compared with 6.6 g biomass and $67{\mu}g\;l^{-1}$ guggulsterone in 250-ml flasks. Increased vessel size was correlated with increased biomass and guggulsterone accumulation. 2iP alone was not effective for biomass and guggulsterone accumulation in cell cultures of C. wightii.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.281-287
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• 1993

Rye stillage was adopted as a substrate for the production of yeast biomass by a thermotolerant yeast Candida rugosa isolated from East Africa. In the batch fermentation, the yield of biomass and crude protein reached 4.9-8.4g/l and 2.2-3.5g/l, respectively, the rate of COD reduction was about 20%. Over 90% amount of main components such as glycerol and lactic acid were assimilated, but protein assimilation reached only to 38-45% of the initial content. Crude protein content of the dry yeast biomass produced was 42-47% and sulfur-containing amino acid was revealed as limiting essential amino acid.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.447-449
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• 2003

Remotely sensed data can be used to estimate biomass production using methodologies relating vegetation indices to light absorption or to leaf photosynthetic capacity. The considerations of both light absorption and photosynthetic capacity in remote sensing-based modeling to estimate biomass production or NPP was introduced based upon Monteith model NPP is one of a evaluation of land degradation. NPP was estimated from annual maximum NDVI by MODIS data. It was known that NPP of the grassland that except the forest and the farming ground was distributed between 50-200g /m2.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.99-99
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• 2022

This study was carried out to select the excellent silage maize varieties customized for paddy cultivation that is vulnerable to lodging and waterlogging in the central and region. Ten varieties (Kwangpyeongok, P3394, etc.) were sown with 3 replicates in Suwon, Gyeonggi-do. It was sown twice in April and June of each year in 2020-2021 and harvested during the yellow ripe stage suitable for silage. The number of days to flowering stage in lowland condition increased up to 11 days compared to that in upland condition. In April seedling, varieties that showed a relatively small decrease in biomass production and total digestible nutrients (TDN) under lowland condition compared to upland condition were Gangdaok and Kwangpyeongok in 2020, and Dacheongok, Gangdaok and Kwangpyeongok in 2021. Kwangpyeongok, Gangdaok, and Sinhwangok showed relatively higher biomass production and TDN than the other varieties under lowland compared to upland in both 2020 and 2021. Our results suggest that Kwangpyeongok and Gangdaok are suitable silage maize varieties for lowland cultivation in the central region of Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.315-316
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• 1989