• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2014

The cultivation of biomass crops is now global demand for decreasing emissions of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) from fossil fuel. Miscanthus species have been studied as a suitable crop for biomass production, due to its characteristics of fast growth and high biomass. In Korea, Miscanthus species have gained wide attention as an option for biomass production alternative to fossil fuels, recently. New strain of giant Miscanthus has been developed and two large trial sites for the giant Miscanthus production were built in the lower reaches of the Geum River. To evaluate the ecological influence of the giant Miscanthus as an bioenergy crop for the future, we investigated the impact of the construction of the giant Miscanthus production fields on the biota and also compared it with biota in paddy fields near the study sites. The biota including plants, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, avifauna, insects, and bugs was investigated. The plant diversity of the giant Miscanthus production fields was poorer than the paddy fields because the high height of the giant Miscanthus might hinder the growth of other plants. However, the giant Miscanthus production fields serves habitat to animals, leading to rich diversity of animals including avifauna, insects, and bugs. The rich diversity of the animals in the giant Miscanthus production fields coincides with the fact that the giant Miscanthus was grown without any pesticide, herbicide, and fertilizer. This study showed that the giant Miscanthus can influence on biota and further long term study is needed to elucidate the interaction between the diversity of biota and the giant Miscanthus.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제23권2_2호
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• pp.351-359
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• 2020

The algae biomass is considered as one of the potential sources of ocean renewable energy because it can be easily mass-produced with abundant sunshine in the vast ocean space. However, the practical use of the biomass has been hindered by the lack of efficient and cost-effective harvesting and maintenance system so far. The algae biomass aquaculture systems are installed in far offshore locations in much larger scales compared to the conventional aquaculture systems so that the automatic seaweed planting and harvesting system needs to operate in heavy sea conditions in far offshore location. In this research, we develop a concept design of a mega-scaled aquaculture system and an automatic seaweed planting and harvesting system, which can operate in heavy seas and mass-produce the algae biomass.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.183-194
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• 2011

This study reviewed on the research trend of sources and utilization of the byproducts(Lignin) from bioethanol production process with lignocellulosic biomass such as wood, agri-processing by-products(corn fiber, sugarcane bagasse etc.) and energy crops(switch grass, poplar, Miscanthus etc.). During biochemical conversion process, only Cellulose and hemicellulosic fractions are converted into fermentable sugar, but lignin which represents the third largest fraction of lignocellulosic biomass is not convertible into fermentable sugars. It is therefore extremely important to recover and convert biomass-derived Lignin into high-value products to maintain economic competitiveness of cellulosic ethanol processes. It was introduced that lignin types and characteristics were different from various isolation methods and biomass sources. Also utilization and potentiality for market of those were discussed.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권6호
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• pp.914-921
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• 2010

본 연구는 충남지역에서 소나무림 분포가 가장 넓은 청양군과 보령시 국유림 내의 소나무임분을 대상으로 지상부와 지하부 바이오매스, 순생산량, 줄기밀도, 바이오매스 확장계수 등을 조사 분석하였다. 청양지역과 보령지역 소나무림의 임목 전체 건중량과 단위면적당 지상부 건중량은 각각 122.36 kg, 137.68 kg으로 나타났고, 72.23 Mg/ha, 143.27 Mg/ha으로 나타났으며, 지하부를 포함한 임목전체 건중량은 91.77 Mg/ha, 178.98 Mg/ha으로 나타났다. 또한 청양지역의 지상부 순생산량은 8.69 Mg/ha로 임목전체에서는 10.03 Mg/ha으로 나타난 반면에, 보령지역은 16.00 Mg/ha와 18.66 Mg/ha으로 나타났다. 두 지역의 바이오매스와 순생산량의 차이는 임분밀도와 지위의 차이에 의한 것으로 판단되었다. 줄기밀도(g/$cm^3$)는 각각 0.457, 0.421로 나타났고, 바이오매스 확장계수는 지상부와 지하부를 포함하여 각각 1.394~1.662, 1.324~1.639의 범위로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구 결과로 얻어진 줄기밀도와 바이오매스 확장계수 값들은 충남지역 소나무림의 바이오매스 및 탄소흡수량을 추정하는데 기초적인 정보를 제공할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.459-469
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• 2005

In recent years, concerns have been growing globally regarding greenhouse gases. Open burning of biomass causes emission of a number of greenhouse and other gases and substances. This paper studied an analysis on the characteristics of four types of biomass using duel type cone calorimeter. Cone calorimeter is widely used for assessing combustibility of materials in Europe. As a result, we evaluated several characteristics of biomass, such as heat released rate, smoke production rate, CO, $CO_2$ production and mass loss rate, and so on. $CO_2$ is currently responsible for over $60\%$ of the enhanced greenhouse effect, and may be the most important contributor to future. $CO_2$ production for biomass in the range of $1.74\~1.99kg/kg$ is similar to previous research conducted by Bhattacharya et al. (2002a).

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.927-933
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• 2019

A lipid-enriched strain of Botryococcus braunii (UTEX 572) was cultivated in a semi-batch aeration tank to enhance biomass as well as to develop intracellular lipids and fatty acids. A 30 day period of incubation produced 1.39 g/L of biomass and 0.31 g/L of total lipids in the biomass. The grown biomass was pre-treated using several methods to extract the total lipid content efficiently: ultrasonication was found to yield the highest percentage of lipids-namely 19.8% per biomass. Direct heating of biomass in an autoclave also showed better performance than when using only conventional solvent extraction. To enhance the biomass harvest and lipid extraction efficiency, coagulation and flocculation steps were added to the extraction process. It is noteworthy that not only the solvent type but also the solvent/biomass ratio greatly affected efficiency. In addition, the moisture content of the harvested(wet) biomass affected the efficiency significantly. This study elucidated the need for future research on optimizing this extraction process.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2021

To better understand the ecological functioning of the coastal ecosystem in Gamak Bay on the southern coast of Korea, seasonal changes in the density, biomass, and secondary production of the copepod community were investigated. Environmental measurements (temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll a) and copepod sampling were performed seasonally from January to December 2006. The mean density of copepods (excluding nauplii) varied from 949 to 5,999 ind · m^-3; copepod density was at its highest from March to July. The copepod community comprised 32 taxa, including Calanoida, Cyclopoida, and Harpacticoida. The predominant species were Paracalanus parvus s. l., Acartia omorii, Eurytemora pacifica, Oithona similis, A. erythraea, Centropages abdominalis, Pseudodiaptomus marinus, and Calanus sinicus. There were significant spatial and seasonal variations in copepod total biomass, which ranged from 0.33 to 43.10 mg C m^-3. Mean secondary production of the copepods in Gamak Bay, estimated as 2.05 ± 1.63 mg C m^-3 d^-1 using the Huntley and Lopez growth model, was over 2 times higher than the value given by application of the Hirst and Bunker model (1.09 ± 0.85 mg C m^-3 d^-1). The daily production rate to biomass (P/B) ratio varied between 0.08 and 0.86 d^-1 (Huntley and Lopez model), and 0.18 and 0.33 d^-1 (Hirst and Bunker model). Our results emphasize the ecological significance of using models to estimate the secondary production of copepods and provides the first report of copepod production in Gamak Bay.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제89권2호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2000

충청북도 충주지역에서 식재된 22년생 자작나무와 24년생 가래나무 인공림의 지상부 현존생물량 및 연순생산량을 분석하기 위하여 임분별 9주씩 총 18주의 표본목을 선정 벌목하였다. 수식 $Wt=aD^b$를 사용하여 추정한 자작나무와 가래나무의 지상부 총 현존생물량은 자작나무림에서 79.33t/ha와 가래나우림에서 67.47t/ha으로 가래나무림보다 연령이 작은 자작나무림에서 높은 현존생물량을 보였다. 부위별 구성비는 자작나무림과 가래나무림 모두에서 수간목질부, 가지, 수피, 그리고 잎의 순으로 높았다. 총 연순생산량은 자작나무림이 9.92t/ha, 가래나무림이 11.79t/ha으로 총 현존생물량이 많았던 자작나무림보다 가래나무림에서 높게 나다났는데, 이 결과는 잎을 제외한 수간목질부, 수피, 소지 그리고 가지에서의 연순생산량이 가래나무림에서 높았기 때문이다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2011

The possibility of employing biomass of Salix viminalis cv. Q683 as a resource of bio-energy was evaluated. The chemical analysis of S. viminalis cv. Q683 leaf biomass showed components such as, extractives (2.57%), lignin (39.06%), hemicellulose (21.61%), and cellulose (37.83%), whereas, its stem was composed of extractives (1.67%), lignin (23.54%), hemicellulose (33.64%), and cellulose (42.03%). The biomass of S. viminalis cv. Q683 was saccharified using two enzymes celluclast and viscozyme. The saccharification of S. viminalis cv. Q683 biomass was influenced by enzymes and their strengths. The optimal enzyme combination was found to be celluclast (59 FPU/g substrate) and viscozyme (24 FBG/g substrate). On saccharification the glucose from leaf and stem biomass was 7.5g/L and 11.7g/L, respectively after 72 hr of enzyme treatment. The biomass and enzyme-treated biomass served as the feedstock for ethanol production by fermentation. The ethanol production from stem and leaf biomass was 5.8 g/L and 2.2 g/L respectively, while the fermentation of the enzymatic hydrolysates yielded 5 g/L to 8 g/L bioethanol in 72 hours.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2016

본 연구는 당화된 도토리의 전분이 미세조류(Chlorella vulgaris) 바이오매스 증식과 바이오오일 함량에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 실험결과 도토리의 전분은 당화 후에 81.3%가 글루코스로 전환되었다. 도토리-글루코스를 이용한 복합영양 상태에서 미세조류는 독립영양 상태보다 높은 바이오매스 증식률과 TAGs (Triacyglycerols)의 함유량을 나타내었는데, 최대 바이오매스 생산량과 TAGs의 함유량은 3 g/L의 도토리-글루코스의 농도에서 각각 12.44 g/L와 32.9%를 나타내었다. 이는 3 g/L의 도토리-글루코스 농도에서 독립영양 상태의 바이오매스 생산량과 비교하면 16.4배의 많은 양의 바이오매스를 생산하였음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 경제성과 바이오매스의 생산량/생산률 그리고 TAGs의 함유량을 고려한다면 3 g/L의 도토리-글루코스 농도가 미세조류의 증식에 가장 효과적이였다. 본 연구의 결과는 미세조류 유래 바이오에너지의 생산 비용을 절감하는 데 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.