• 제목/요약/키워드: biological stability

검색결과 838건 처리시간 0.031초

BPMC(O-sec-Butylphenyl-N-Methylcarbamate)제(劑)의 안정성(安定性)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (The Stability of BPMC(O-sec-Butylphenyl-N-Methylcarbamate) Formulations)

  • 박현석;홍종욱
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.31-34
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    • 1978
  • BPMC제(劑)의 안정성유지(安定性維持)에 관한 연구(硏究)의 일환(一環)으로, BPMC제(劑)를 포장(圃場)에 사용(使用)할 경우, 식물체(植物體)나 충체(蟲體)에 부착되거나 또 토양(土壤)에 흡착(吸着)된후 일광(日光), 수분(水分), 기온등(氣溫等)의 제반 요인(要因)들에 의(依)한 변화(變化)의 추이(推移)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. BPMC제(劑)를 제제형태별(製劑形態別)로 조제(調製)하여 자외선(紫外線)을 조사(照射)시킨 결과(結果), 조사시간(照射時間)이 경과될수록 그 주성분(主成分)의 분해율(分解率)은 증가되었으며 분제(粉劑), 유제(乳劑), 입제(粒劑)의 순(順)이었다. 그리고 관용살포(慣用撤布) 유화액(乳化液)의 경우는 희석배율이 클수록 분해율(分解率)이 증가(增加)하였다. 또한 BPMC제(劑)는 강알카리성 용액중액에서 상당히 불안정(不安定)하였으며 자외선(紫外線)은 BPMC제(劑)의 분해촉진제(分解促進劑) 역할을 하였다.

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오디 anthocyanin 색소의 추출 및 저장 안정성 (Extraction and Stabilization of Anthocyanin Pigments from Morus alba Fruits)

  • 서경화;이대영;정락훈;김영언;김영래;홍억기;방면호;백남인
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제57권1호
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    • pp.29-32
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    • 2014
  • This study was initiated to search for the most effective method for extraction of anthocyanins from Morus alba Fruits using organic acids and to evaluate the stability of the pigments at various storage environments. The anthocyanins were effectively extracted by addition of organic acids such as citric acid, malic acid and fumaric acid. The anthocyanins were not degraded at $25^{\circ}C$ and under a fluorescent light with 183 lux, but sharply degraded at $60^{\circ}C$.

Thermally Stabilized Porous Nickel Support of Palladium Based Alloy Membrane for High Temperature Hydrogen Separation

  • Ryi, Shin-Kun;Park, Jong-Soo;Cho, Sung-Ho;Hwang, Kyong-Ran;Kim, Sung-Hyun
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.133-139
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    • 2007
  • Nickel powder was coated with aluminum nitrate solution to increase the thermal stability of a porous nickel support and control the nickel content in the Pd-Cu-Ni ternary alloyed membrane. Raw nickel powder and alumina coated nickel powder were uniaxialy pressed by home made press with metal cylindrical mold. Though the used nickel powder prepared by pulsed wire evaporation (PWE) method has a good thermal stability, the porous nickel support was too much sintered and the pores of porous nickel support was plugged at high temperature (over $800^{\circ}C$) making it not suitable for the porous support of a palladium based composite membrane. In order to overcome this problem, the nickel powder was coated by alumina and alumina modified porous nickel support resists up to $1000^{\circ}C$ without pore destruction. Furthermore, the compositions of Pd-Cu-Ni ternary alloy membrane prepared by magnetron sputtering and Cu-reflow could be controlled by not only Cu-reflow temperature but also alumina coating amount. SEM analysis and mercury porosimeter analysis evidenced that the alumina coated on the surface of nickel powder interrupted nickel sintering.

The Status of Laboratory Animal Production and Visions in the 21st Century - Review -

  • Gartner, K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제12권7호
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    • pp.1142-1151
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    • 1999
  • Today, laboratory animal production has decreased world-wide to half the number estimated in 1970 of more than 100 Mio. This is due to the cell-biological assays which replaced animal experimentation as a first allround method to solve biomedical problems. Animal experimentation remains the most significant experimental method for the study of higher organized physiological systems and their multifactorial connections. This requires maximal uniformity of all quantitative traits among the animals used for such studies (mainly mice and rats) and stability of these traits for reproducing such studies at any time world-wide. The success of the developed methods for the standardization of laboratory animals was analyzed and were found only partly be acceptable. Getting a higher degree of uniformity among standardized inbred animals is blocked by "intangible variance". This is caused by influences of ooplasm, shown by experimental twin and clone studies. Manipulation of this component of variance is essential in the future. - Genetic drifts impair the necessary stability of biological traits. There are a few disadvantages associated with the cryopreservation of embryos and other methods are required. - Dogs and cats were replaced by pigs as laboratory animals. A new line of animal production will evolve over the next 25 years with similarities to the present laboratory animal production, because in future pigs were used as donors for xenotransplants for men.

Stability of Retroviral Vectors Against Ultracentrifugation Is Determined by the Viral Internal Core and Envelope Proteins Used for Pseudotyping

  • Kim, Soo-hyun;Lim, Kwang-il
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제40권5호
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    • pp.339-345
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    • 2017
  • Retroviral and lentiviral vectors are mostly pseudotyped and often purified and concentrated via ultracentrifugation. In this study, we quantified and compared the stabilities of retroviral [murine leukemia virus (MLV)-based] and lentiviral [human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-based] vectors pseudotyped with relatively mechanically stable envelope proteins, vesicular stomatitis virus glycoproteins (VSVGs), and the influenza virus WSN strain envelope proteins against ultracentrifugation. Lentiviral genomic and functional particles were more stable than the corresponding retroviral particles against ultracentrifugation when pseudotyped with VSVGs. However, both retroviral and lentiviral particles were unstable when pseudotyped with the influenza virus WSN strain envelope proteins. Therefore, the stabilities of pseudotyped retroviral and lentiviral vectors against ultracentrifugation process are a function of not only the type of envelope proteins, but also the type of viral internal core (MLV or HIV-1 core). In addition, the fraction of functional viral particles among genomic viral particles greatly varied at times during packaging, depending on the type of envelope proteins used for pseudotyping and the viral internal core.

Effects of Biochar on Soil Quality and Heavy Metal Availability in a Military Shooting Range Soil in Korea

  • Lee, Sung-Eun;Ahmad, Mahtab;Usman, Adel A.R.A.;Awad, Yasser M.;Min, Sun-Hong;Yang, Jae-E;Lee, Sang-Soo;Ok, Yong-Sik
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제44권1호
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    • pp.67-77
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    • 2011
  • Heavy metal remediation in shooting range soil is a challenge over the world. The excessive Pb accumulation in the soil can deteriorate soil quality and fertility. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the efficiency of biochar (BC) in improving the physicochemical and biological properties of the soil and to evaluate its effect on Pb availability in a military shooting range soil. Sandy loam soil was collected from shooting range of Gyeonggi Province, South Korea and was incubated for 30 days with different application rates (0-30% w $w^{-1}$) of BC. The results showed that the addition of BC increased aggregate stability, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents, and enzyme activities in soil. Sequential extraction showed that residual and organic bound fractions in the soil amended with BC increased by 33.1 and 16.7%, respectively, and the exchangeable fraction decreased by 93.7% in the soil amended with BC, compared to the unamended soil. We concluded that the application of BC could not only improve physicochemical and biological soil qualities but also stabilize Pb in a shooting range soil.

고분자전해질 연료전지의 성능과 안정성 시험을 위한 단위전지의 시간 경과에 따른 모델링: 일산화탄소 피독현상에 의한 효과 (Time-Dependent Modeling of Performance Degradation for PEMFC Single Cell System to Evaluate the Cell Performance and Durability: Effects of CO Poisoning)

  • 김종식;김필;주지봉;김우영;이종협
    • 청정기술
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.61-68
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    • 2008
  • 연료전지기술은 환경적으로 유해한 오염물질을 발생시키지 않으려, 높은 에너지 밀도를 가지는 청정에너지기술이다. 특히 고분자전해질 연료전지(Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, PEMFC)는 넓은 응용분야로 인해 최근 큰 관심을 받고 있으며, 폭넓은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 단위전지 내 연료극(anode) 및 공기극(cathode) 촉매 층을 대상으로 고분자전해질연료전지의 운전시간 경과에 대한 성능변화 및 안정성을 예측하는 모델링을 수행하였다 촉매층에서 발생하는 단위전지의 주요한 성능감소 원인으로 연료극에서의 일산화탄소 피독 현상을 고려하였다. 전지의 장기간 운전모델링 결과 연료극에 공급되는 기체 내의 일산화탄소 비율이 클수록 단위전지성능의 안정성이 크게 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 장기 운전시 공기극의 느린 산소환원반응과 백금의 용해와 소결에 의해 전지의 성능이 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 이들을 극복하는 방안으로 연료극에 공급되는 수소의 비율을 높이고 공기극의 촉매층 내에 있는 백금양을 높이는 것을 제안하고자 한다.

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Pd/ZSM-5 촉매와 저온 플라즈마를 이용한 사과와 키위의 상온 저장 안정성 향상 (Improvement of Storage Stability of Apple and Kiwi at Room Temperature Using Pd/ZSM-5 Catalyst and Nonthermal Plasma)

  • 김승건;이호원;목영선;유승민;전형원;김성봉
    • 공업화학
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    • 제32권5호
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    • pp.547-555
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    • 2021
  • 본 연구에서는 촉매-플라즈마 반응기를 농산물(사과, 키위) 저장고에 적용하여 저장 중 발생되는 에틸렌을 제거하고자 하였다. 1 m3 유닛 컨테이너 2개를 제작하여 에틸렌을 처리하지 않는 대조군과 발생하는 에틸렌을 촉매와 플라즈마에 의해 처리하는 실험군으로 구분하여 상온에서의 장기 저장성을 비교하였다. 또한 실험군에는 곰팡이 등의 세균 증식을 억제하기 위하여 소량의 오존을 주입하였다. 상온에서 사과와 키위를 각각 50 day와 57 day 동안 저장하여 에틸렌 농도 변화, 경도, 당도, 산도, 및 손실율을 비교하였다. 저장기간 동안의 에틸렌 농도 변화는 대조군이 실험군에 비해 높게 나타나 실험군에서 에틸렌이 효과적으로 제거되는 것으로 나타났다. 저장 후의 경도, 당도 및 당산비는 저장 전에 비해 좋게 나타났으며, 특히 키위가 사과에 비해 높게 향상하였다. 또한 저장 종료 후, 대조군에서 사과와 키위의 손실율은 각각 10%와 54.1%로 나타났으나, 실험군에서의 손실율은 각각 6%와 34.8%로 나타났다. 따라서 실험군의 저장성이 대조군에 비해 좋게 나타났다.

폴리(비닐피리딘-co-메틸메타아크릴레이트) 기반 열안정성 유기솔더보존제의 합성 및 평가 (Synthesis and Evaluation of Thermo-stable Organic Solderability Preservatives Based Upon Poly(vinyl pyridine-co-methylmethacrylate))

  • 부반티엔;최호석;서충희;장영식;허익상
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • 제49권2호
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    • pp.161-167
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    • 2011
  • 최근 모바일 전자 제품의 많은 사용으로 인하여 전자 기판의 기계적 충격에 대한 기준이 강화되고 있다. 따라서, 전자 기판의 패키징 공정에서 칩과 기판 사이 솔더 볼의 접합방법은 제품의 안정성과 신뢰성 확보를 위하여 기존의 금속간 화합물을 사용하는 방식에서 유기 솔더 보존제(OSP)를 사용하는 방법으로 전환되고 있다. 그러나 기존의 OSP들은 공정상에서의 열안정성 등의 여러 가지 단점이 발견되어 이를 보완하기 위한 새로운 OSP의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 폴리(비닐피리딘-co-메틸메타아크릴레이트) 기반 열안정성 OSP를 개발하여 구리 박막에 적용, 분석 및 평가함으로써 구리 박막에 대한 산화방지성, OSP의 열 안정성 및 후융해 공정 시 산 또는 알코올 수용액에 의해서 쉽게 용해되는 특성 등을 조사하였다. 그 결과 합성된 공중합체는 구리 시편과의 접착성이 우수하며 산 또는 알코올 성분에 쉽게 용해되고, 높은 열 안정성 및 산화방지 특성을 갖고 있을 뿐만 아니라 기존의 알릴아민이나 아크릴아마이드 함유 공중합체에 비하여 가격, 취성, 흡습성 면에서 더 좋은 특성을 보여주었다.

Hydrogen Adsorption of PAN-based Porous Carbon Nanofibers using MgO as the Substrate

  • Jung, Min-Jung;Im, Ji-Sun;Jeong, Eui-Gyung;Jin, Hang-Kyo;Lee, Young-Seak
    • Carbon letters
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.217-220
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    • 2009
  • In this study, porous electrospun carbon fibers were prepared by electrospinning with PAN and $MgCl_2$, as a MgO precursor. MgO was selected as a substrate because of its chemical and thermal stability, no reaction with carbon, and ease of removal after carbonization by dissolving out in acidic solutions. $MgCl_2$ was mixed with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution as a precursor of MgO with various weight ratios of $MgCl_2$/PAN. The average diameter of porous electrospun carbon fibers increased from 1.3 to 3 ${\mu}m$, as the $MgCl_2$ to PAN weight ratio increased. During the stabilization step, $MgCl_2$ was hydrolyzed to MgOHCl by heat treatment. At elevated temperature of 823 K for carbonization step, MgOHCl was decomposed to MgO. Specific surface area and pore structure of prepared electrospun carbon fibers were decided by weight ratio of $MgCl_2$/PAN. The amount of hydrogen storage increased with increase of specific surface area and micropore volume of prepared electrospun carbon fibers.